Methods 1: Judge the injury.
1, ensuring environmental safety. Stop what you are doing immediately after the burn. Put out the open flame or stove to ensure that no one is injured again. If the fire is out of control, escape as soon as possible and call the emergency rescue number. If it is a chemical burn, for the sake of safety, immediately stop what you are doing and then clear the field. Try to remove chemicals from the skin. Remove dry chemicals with a dry brush, or rinse the burned area with cold water.
If it is an electric burn, turn off the power and stay away from all wires.
Step 2 ask for help. If the fire in your home is out of control, call 1 19 or contact the fire station by local emergency telephone. If you are not sure whether the chemical will cause other consequences, you can contact the Poisoning Control Center. As for electric burns, if the wires are still live, or the burns are caused by high-voltage lines or lightning strikes, you should also call 1 19 or the local emergency number. If you are not sure whether the wire is still charged, do not touch it directly. Touch the wire with something dry and nonconductive, such as a piece of dry wood or plastic.
Electrical burns must be treated by a doctor, because the current will affect the natural electrical pulses in the body, causing serious consequences.
3. Evaluate the hand injury. Observe and evaluate the damage of burn site. Pay attention to the location of the burn. Observe the appearance of the burned area for any features. This information can help you judge the degree of burns. Burns are divided into first degree, second degree or third degree according to their severity. First-degree burns are the least serious, and third-degree burns are the most serious. Treatment varies according to the degree of burn. If your palm burns, you must see a doctor at once. Palm burns can lead to long-term disability.
If it is a circular burn of one or more fingers, you should also seek medical attention immediately. This kind of burn will hinder blood flow, and if it is not treated in time, it may face finger amputation in severe cases.
Method 2: Nursing the first degree burn.
1, identify first-degree burns. First degree burns only affect the epidermis. The burned area will be slightly red and swollen and feel pain. Press the skin and then release it, and the skin will turn white. If only the skin is red without blisters or broken skin, it is a first-degree burn. If minor burns involve the whole hand, face or respiratory tract, most areas of hands or feet, groin, buttocks or major joints, it is recommended to see a doctor.
Sunburn is usually a first-degree burn unless blisters form.
2. Treat first-degree burns. Once you confirm that it is a first-degree burn according to your appearance and feeling, come to the sink quickly and calmly. Put your hand or arm under the tap and rinse with cold water 15 to 20 minutes. This can help the skin to dissipate heat, thus reducing inflammation. You can also put a bowl of cold water and soak the scalded area for a few minutes. This can also dissipate heat, reduce inflammation and prevent scar formation.
Do not use ice. Long-term contact with the ice in the burned area can lead to frostbite. When it comes into contact with ice, the surrounding skin may also be damaged.
Don't butter or blow burn. These methods are useless and easy to cause infection.
3. Take off your jewelry. After burn, the skin will swell, which may cause the jewelry worn on the hand to become tight and uncomfortable, affect the blood circulation, and even sink into the meat. Remove jewelry, such as rings or bracelets, from the burned area.
4. Apply aloe juice or burn cream. If there are aloe plants at home, break the bottom leaves near the center of the stem. Cut off the sharp thorns, cut the aloe leaves longitudinally, and apply aloe juice directly to the burned area. The burned area will immediately cool down, effectively relieving first-degree burns. If there is no aloe plant, you can use 100% pure aloe gel on the market.
Aloe vera should not be used for open wounds.
5. Take painkillers if necessary. Short-term use of over-the-counter painkillers, including Tylenol, Aleve or ibuprofen, is safe.
6. Pay close attention to the injury. The burns will get worse in a few hours. After cleaning the burn site, continue to pay close attention to the injury to ensure that it does not develop into a second-degree burn. If it gets worse, consider seeking medical attention.
Method 3: Treat second-degree burns.
1, identify second-degree burns. Second degree burns are more serious than first degree burns. The former damages the epidermis and deeper dermis. However, this does not mean that medical treatment is necessary. Second-degree burns will be crimson, with blisters and red and white spots on the skin, which are redder and more swollen than first-degree burns and may look moist or shiny. The burn site itself may be white or discolored. If the burn area is larger than 7.6 cm (3 inches), you need to treat it as a third-degree burn and seek medical attention immediately.
Common causes of second-degree burns include burns, fires, touching very hot things, severe sunburn, chemical burns and electric burns.
2. Take off the jewelry. After burn, the skin will swell, which may cause the jewelry worn on the hand to become tight and uncomfortable, affect the blood circulation, and even sink into the meat. Remove jewelry, such as rings or bracelets, from the burned area.
3. Clean the burned area. The treatment of second-degree burns is similar to that of first-degree burns. After being scalded, come to the sink quickly and calmly, put your hands or arms under the tap and rinse with cold water 15 to 20 minutes. This helps the skin to dissipate heat and reduce inflammation. If there are blisters, don't break them. Blisters are helpful for skin healing, but they are easy to cause infection and prolong the healing time. Don't put butter or ice in the burned area. Don't blow on the burned area, which will easily cause infection.
4. Apply antibacterial ointment. Because the second-degree burn wounds the dermis, the chance of infection is greater. Apply antibacterial ointment to the burn before dressing. Sulfadiazine is a popular antibacterial ointment for burns. Usually you can buy it without a prescription. Apply it thicker, so that it can penetrate into the skin for a longer time.
Step 5 deal with broken blisters. Don't be alarmed if the blister bursts spontaneously or accidentally. Wash with mild soap and water. Apply antibacterial ointment and wrap the wound with a new bandage.
6. Change a new bandage every day. The ointment and bandage on the burned area should be changed every day to avoid infection. Take off the old bandage and throw it away. Wash the burned area with cold water, don't use soap, and don't rub the skin. Let the water run over the wound for a few minutes. Pat dry with a clean towel. Apply burn ointment, antibacterial ointment or aloe to promote wound healing. Wrap it with a new sterile bandage. When the wound is healed or almost healed, there is no need for dressing.
7, homemade honey ointment. Although it is considered by doctors as an alternative therapy, some studies support the use of honey to treat burns. Take a teaspoon of honey and gently rub it on the wound. Honey has a natural antibacterial effect, which can prevent the wound from being infected by bacteria without damaging the surrounding healthy skin. The low pH value and high osmotic pressure of honey also contribute to wound healing. It is recommended to use honey instead of roasted honey. Studies have shown that honey may be better than the commonly used silver sulfadiazine prescription ointment.
Change the medicine every day. If the wound often oozes fluid, it should be replaced more frequently.
If the burn can't be bandaged, apply honey/kloc-0 every 6 hours. Honey can also help cool the burned area.
8. Pay close attention to the injury. The burns will get worse in a few hours. After cleaning the burn site, continue to pay close attention to the injury to ensure that it does not develop into a third-degree burn. If it gets worse, seek medical attention immediately. In the process of skin healing, observe whether there are signs and symptoms of infection, such as pus, fever, swelling or redness on the burned skin. If these symptoms appear, please seek medical attention immediately.
Method 4: Treat third degree burn and severe burn.
1, identifying severe burns. If the joint or a large area of the body is injured, it can be classified as severe burn. This kind of injury affects the vital signs or daily activities of the injured, and it is also a serious burn. They should be regarded as third-degree burns and need immediate medical attention.
2. Identify third-degree burns. The burn site is bleeding or looks a little dark, which may be a third-degree burn. Third degree burns involve all skin layers, including epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous fat. The burn site may be white, brown, yellow or burnt black. The skin may be dry or tough. Because of nerve damage, it is not as painful as first-degree or second-degree burns. Third-degree burns require immediate medical attention. Call the emergency number or go to the emergency room immediately. Infection may occur in the burned area, and the skin may not grow back.
If the clothes stick to the burn, don't pull hard. Go to the hospital for help immediately.
3. Deal with Burns. If you or people around you suffer from third-degree burns, call the emergency number immediately. While waiting for the ambulance, gently shake the injured person to see if he responds. If there is no response, pay attention to whether he has any signs of moving or breathing. If the injured person is not breathing and you have received first aid training, you can start cardiopulmonary resuscitation for the injured person. If you don't know how to do CPR, you can ask the emergency service dispatcher to guide you. Focus on chest compressions and don't try to clear the respiratory tract or give artificial respiration.
Let the injured lie flat. Kneel at his shoulder. Put your hands in the middle of the victim's chest, adjust your posture, straighten your arms and elbows so that your shoulders and hands are in a straight line. Press down on the chest of the injured person about 100 times per minute.
4. Take care of burn patients. While waiting for the arrival of emergency personnel, help patients take off tight clothes and jewelry. If clothes or jewels are stuck in the burn area, don't take them off and wait for rescuers to arrive. Forcibly taking it off will tear off the skin and cause secondary injury. Pay attention to keep yourself or the injured warm, because severe burns may lead to shock. Don't soak the burned area in water like a minor burn. This may lead to hypothermia. If possible, lift the burned area above the heart to help reduce swelling.
Don't give painkillers to the injured. Don't give the injured anything that will affect the first aid.
Don't break blisters, scrape off dead skin and apply aloe vera or ointment.
5. Bandage the burned area. If possible, try to bandage the burned area to prevent infection. Use something that won't stick to the wound, such as thin gauze or wet bandage. If the burn is serious, the bandage will stick to the wound and wait for help. You may be able to wrap it in plastic. Studies have shown that it is effective to temporarily wrap the wound with plastic wrap. Can protect the wound and prevent microorganisms from entering the wound.
6. Go to the hospital for treatment. When you arrive at the hospital, the medical staff will quickly transfer you so that you can get proper treatment as soon as possible. They may start giving you fluids to replace the electrolytes lost in your body. They will also clean up the burned area, which is very painful and may give you painkillers. After that, it will be coated with ointment or cream and wrapped with sterile bandage or gauze. When necessary, they will also create a warm and humid environment to promote wound healing. A dietitian may recommend a high-protein diet to promote wound healing.
If necessary, the doctor may discuss the follow-up skin grafting operation with you, usually taking skin from other parts of the body to cover the burned area.
The medical staff will teach you to change your dressing at home. After you leave the hospital, you need to change your dressing at home. Follow the doctor's instructions to ensure that the wound heals well.
Tip If you have any questions, you may want to contact your doctor for more details.
Wounds are likely to leave scars, especially serious wounds.