Bone tumors are tumors that occur in bones or their affiliated tissues (blood vessels, nerves, bone marrow, etc.) and are common diseases. Like other tissues in the body, the exact cause is unknown; bone tumors can be divided into benign and malignant. Benign bone tumors are easy to cure and have good prognosis. Malignant bone tumors develop rapidly, have poor prognosis and high mortality. There is still no satisfactory treatment method. Malignant bone tumors can be primary or secondary. Malignant tumors in other tissues or organs in the body metastasize to bones or directly invade bones through the blood circulation and lymphatic system. There is another type of lesions called tumor-like lesions. The tissues of tumor-like lesions do not have the morphological characteristics of tumor cells, but their ecology and behavior have the characteristics of tumors and are easy to cure. In traditional Chinese medicine, it is called "bone gangrene", "osteoma", "stone carbuncle", "stone gangrene", etc. Since Codman began to register and classify bone tumors in 1920, bone tumor workers around the world have established this system and have continuously improved it. In particular, it was recognized that classifying according to different tissue origins and then classifying according to different properties is a more reasonable classification method. Since then, the Ewing revised classification of bone tumors, the LieHtenstein classification of bone tumors, the Bristol bone tumor registry classification, and the bone tumors of the Royal Orthopedic Hospital in London, UK Tumor classification and the classification of the Bone Tumor Committee of the Japanese Society of Orthopedics have been modified in different ways, and each has its own characteristics. In 1972, in order to further clarify the classification and research classification of bone tumors, WHO invited some scholars to discuss. The conclusion is that bone tumor classification is based on histological criteria, specifically the type of differentiation displayed by tumor cells and the type of intercellular material they produce. This classification method is still used today. (1) Osteoma is a common benign tumor. Histologically, it appears as a product of fibrotic bone, so the main component is abundant new bone tissue formed in osteogenic connective tissue. It commonly occurs in the skull and mandible, and generally does not cause any symptoms, with only local swelling. If it occurs in the inner plate of the skull, the tumor may protrude into the cranial cavity and cause symptoms of intracranial compression. (2) The nature of osteoid osteoma has been controversial, but it is currently recognized as a benign bone tumor. The tumor is round or oval, small in size, generally about 1cm in diameter; the surrounding bone tissue has reactive proliferation and hardening, and the tumor is called the core. The tumor is reddish-brown, occasionally mixed with yellow or white gritty spots. Microscopic examination shows rich blood vessel osteogenic connective tissue and varying proportions of osteoid tissue and new bone. The X-ray shows a transparent area, and the surrounding bone tissue generally has reactive osteosclerosis, especially in the cortical bone. This tumor usually occurs between the ages of 11 and 25, with a male:female ratio of 2:1. It can occur in any bone, but is more common in the diaphyses of the femur and tibia. The disease progresses slowly. Pain is the main symptom, ranging from mild to severe, from intermittent to continuous, especially at night. It can be significantly relieved after taking sodium salicylate drugs. Treatment is mainly surgical resection. Radiation therapy may be considered for patients with inoperable areas.

There has been no recurrence or malignant transformation after surgery