Since the beginning of this year, the state has successively formulated and promulgated plans for the adjustment and revitalization of ten major industries, including textiles, light industry, automobiles, steel, equipment manufacturing, ships, electronic information, petrochemicals, non-ferrous metals and logistics.
These industries are the important pillars of China's national economy, the main contributors to industrial output value and national tax revenue, the main channels to attract employment, and the main industries to stimulate GDP growth, which have a great impact on economic development. From the perspective of development, these industries will make a difference in the next few years.
What I care about now is the college entrance examination and my future choice: what major to choose and what industry to engage in in in the future? Choosing those industries with great potential is the goal of more people.
automotive industry
{Industry and Professional Decoding}
A car is actually a vehicle, just a vehicle powered by an internal engine, such as cars, SUVs, buses, buses, trucks and so on. In a broad sense, it can directly engage in the research and development, design, manufacture, circulation, sales and after-sales service of automobiles and related automobiles, as well as some financial services, which is called automobile industry.
From the undergraduate majors set up in colleges and universities, there are engineering majors closely related to the automobile industry, such as vehicle engineering, automobile service engineering, mechanical design and manufacturing and automation, mechanical and electronic engineering, automation, electrical engineering and automation, computer science and technology. In addition, there are some auxiliary and management majors such as business administration, marketing, foreign languages and even human resources. As for the majors in higher vocational colleges, they are more detailed than undergraduate courses, such as automobile manufacturing and assembly technology, automobile inspection and maintenance technology, automobile plastic technology and so on.
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Xu Changming, director of the Information Resources Department of the National Information Center, analyzed that the current automobile production and sales volume in the United States is 1.7 times that of China. At the current growth rate, China is expected to surpass the United States and become the largest automobile producer in the world within two years. In terms of output, only the United States and Japan in the world have an annual output of more than 6.5438+million vehicles. A few years ago, China surpassed German to become the third place in the world. At present, the gap with the second place is rapidly narrowing, and there is still a gap of about two years with the first place.
When the gloom of the global economic recession strikes, the automobile industry, like all other industries in the economic chain, is doomed to perish. This panic is particularly evident in European and American markets. Dieter zetsche, president of Auto World, lamented in his speech at the Daimler-Benz New Year reception: "Everyone feels pain."
Compared with the rapidly deteriorating European and American markets, the markets of emerging developing countries are not "painful". Although the China market has also experienced a month-on-month decline, it is conservatively estimated that the consumer demand of more than 9 million vehicles still gives the world hope. Judging from the current situation, no enterprise has lowered its sales target in China market. On the contrary, many foreign auto giants have increased their investment in China with great fanfare, and have repeatedly stressed that China has become their main source of profit in the economic crisis. China Auto continues to be an important supporting force at Detroit Auto Show, a North American auto event. To some extent, the label "Made in China" has become a reassurance for the global automobile industry.
Yes, crisis = danger+opportunity. No matter how the external environment deteriorates, it may be an "opportunity" for the domestic automobile industry to turn over. According to the online adjustment of a portal website, nearly 40% of netizens think that the economic crisis is a good opportunity for the domestic automobile industry to grow its own brand.
The popularity of F 1 Formula Racing, the madness of Schumacher fans, and the popularity of driving test on university campus ... all the signs have witnessed the rapid rise of China's automobile industry. The basic context and main points of the Outline of the 11th Five-Year Development Plan for Automobile Industry formulated by the State Council also show that the government will take measures to make the automobile industry a pillar industry of the national economy. By 20 10, the added value of industry will account for more than 5% of GDP, and the export value of automobile industry will exceed 50 billion US dollars. [Next]
Aviation and aerospace industry
{Industry and Professional Decoding}
Aerospace industry is a strategic leading industry. The world aerospace market has reached hundreds of billions of dollars, and it is growing steadily at the rate of about 10% every year. In recent years, China's investment in this field has increased significantly, and a series of supporting policies to encourage the development of the aerospace industry have been promulgated and implemented one after another.
Some students think that after studying aerospace, you can probably build, design and fly airplanes. Actually, it is not. Aerospace specialty has several characteristics: first, it is brand-new compared with astronomy, geography, philosophy and other majors. Because it is less than 1 10 years since the first plane invented by the Wright brothers went into the sky, the aerospace discipline has developed in the world for decades. Although relatively new, it is close to some majors, such as mechanics, machinery and mechanical engineering; Second, it is very comprehensive. This discipline includes design, power, manufacturing, man-machine environment and even materials and control. Third, development and change are relatively fast. As we all know, the civil Airbus 284, Airbus 380, large civil airliners capable of seating more than 500 people, manned space flight and other military and civilian fields are all stages for this major to show its talents. No matter in China or in the world, the space industry is developing in full swing and changing with each passing day.
Aerospace majors include aircraft design and engineering, aircraft power engineering, aircraft manufacturing engineering, aircraft environment and life support engineering. However, the aerospace industry is not limited to these majors, but also includes the integration of technologies such as information, energy and manufacturing. At the same time, with the development of China's national economy and the improvement of comprehensive national strength, the achievements in the field of aerospace high technology are not only applied to spacecraft, but also gradually penetrated into the fields of electronics, machinery and automobiles. In other words, students majoring in aerospace can also show their talents in other fields.
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The next fifteen years will be a period of great strategic opportunities for the development of the space industry. China's space industry will strive to implement the policy of coordinated and sustainable development, with the goal of vigorously breaking through core technologies and key technologies, focusing on strengthening the scientific and technological foundation and enhancing the ability of independent innovation, taking the innovation of institutional mechanisms and improving the scientific and technological innovation system as the driving force, and taking the cohesion and cultivation of innovative talents as the guarantee, extensively absorb and adopt new technologies, new processes and new materials in various related fields, realize overall system optimization, promote the leap-forward development of science and technology and industry, and initially build an innovative space industry that meets people's needs.
-Zhang Yunchuan, former director of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense
China's space industry has made great progress, attracting more and more outstanding students to pay attention to this great cause, and there are also many candidates who are interested in joining the space industry. There is a phenomenon worthy of attention. Last year, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Dalian University of Technology successively established the School of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Why should it be established? According to the person in charge of the recruitment office of Shanghai Jiaotong University, because the country is going to enter the large aircraft project, a research and development center of this large aircraft project is in Shanghai, and it is also in Zizhu Industrial Park, which is separated from the new campus of the school. In addition, the assembly line of large aircraft is also located in Shanghai, which requires a large number of talents, and colleges and universities are also training professionals to deal with this.
[Next]
electronic information industry
{Industry and Professional Decoding}
Information technology is an important driving force for economic and social development in the world today. Electronic information industry is a strategic, basic and leading pillar industry of national economy, which plays a very important role in promoting social employment, stimulating economic growth, adjusting industrial structure, changing development mode and safeguarding national security.
According to the analysis of the Ministry of Information Industry, the Tenth Five-Year Plan period is a crucial period for the development of electronic information industry in China. It is predicted that the electronic information industry will still develop at twice the speed of economic growth, and the industrial prospect is very broad.
Electronic information industry related majors include electronic information engineering, communication engineering, information countermeasure technology, information engineering, electronic science and technology, electromagnetic field and wireless technology, integrated power supply design and integration system, electronic information science and technology, photoelectric technology science and so on. It can be said that this industry involves many majors, mainly engineering majors.
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In the next three years, the sales revenue of the electronic information industry will maintain steady growth, and the contribution of industrial development to GDP growth will not be less than 0.7 percentage points. Three years of new employment 1 0.5 million or more, including nearly110,000 new college students. Maintain the stability of foreign trade exports. The cultivation of new electronic information products and related services has become a hot spot of consumption. The application of information technology has effectively promoted the transformation of traditional industries and further integrated informationization and industrialization.
-April 2009 the State Council document "Adjustment and Revitalization Plan of Electronic Information Industry"
The future development of electronic information industry will focus on electronic information product manufacturing, software industry and integrated circuits. Emerging communication services, such as data communication, multimedia, Internet, telephone information services, mobile phone short messages and other services will expand rapidly; Also worthy of attention are cultural and technological industries, such as online games. At present, there are four types of talents in the demand for information technology support talents: troubleshooting, equipment and customer service, software and hardware installation, configuration update and system operation, monitoring and maintenance. In addition, there is a great demand for e-commerce and interactive media, database development and software engineering.
Electrical information talents have a broad market all over the country, but they are mainly concentrated in economically developed areas such as Beijing, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Fujian. Although there are many jobs in these fields, most companies require candidates to have excellent professional skills and attach great importance to work experience. In these fields, the competition is fierce, and fresh graduates need to have excellent basic skills and skills to be hired. Therefore, graduates should change their job-hunting mentality appropriately to avoid over-concentration of employment areas and fields. Small and medium-sized cities and western cities are often in a situation of "lack of people". Small and medium-sized enterprises are still eager for talents, and graduates have great potential and great development opportunities.
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Textile and food industry
{Industry and Professional Decoding}
Food, clothing, housing and transportation are important events in life. Since ancient times, the world has known it.
While human beings are constantly transforming the world with their own intelligence, they are also improving their way of life. The days of eating animals and drinking blood naked are long gone. In modern society, wearing warm clothes and eating enough can only be regarded as the most important needs of life. Our material life has been greatly enriched, and how to dress more beautifully and eat healthier is the focus of people's attention. It is in this social background that the major of textile and food in light industry gradually enters the field of vision of candidates and parents.
When you see the words "light industry", "textile" and "food", you won't immediately think of the old state-owned enterprises in related industries that went bankrupt in the process of national economic system reform a few years ago-their declining fate has its own reasons, but it has nothing to do with the industry itself. On the contrary, with the steady progress of China's modernization and the continuous consolidation of economic development achievements, the overall level and operating performance of the textile and food industry have been greatly improved, which has also led to the re-emergence of related majors in colleges and universities.
Look at the members of the light industry textile food family: there are old-fashioned food science and engineering, light chemical industry, packaging engineering, printing engineering, textile engineering, clothing design and engineering, clothing design, food quality and safety, and commodity inspection. There are also emerging grape and wine engineering, cooking and nutrition education, food nutrition and inspection education, dyeing and finishing technology, food technology education, light industry biotechnology ... Ordinary people eat, drink, wear and use everything, and are further studying the topic of how to eat, how to wear and how to be beautiful, offering suggestions and suggestions for more and more middle classes to better enjoy a high-quality life. The elements of tradition and fashion are integrated here, and the daily needs of the general public and petty bourgeoisie can also be met. It's really rich, powerful and everyday.
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In February, 2009, the executive meeting of the State Council deliberated and adopted the Plan for the Adjustment and Revitalization of Textile Industry, and put forward five major goals for the three years from 2009 to 201/kloc-0. The primary goal is: steady growth, the added value of enterprises above designated size will maintain a growth rate of 10%, and the export will maintain a growth rate of 8%.
Once upon a time, there was a view that the textile industry was a sunset industry and a backward industry, which was far less than that of automobile electronics and other industries, and some places also proposed to eliminate textiles within a time limit; Some banks are not optimistic about the textile industry, thinking that it is a high-risk industry, and they are afraid to lend when they see the textile industry. In fact, the textile industry has made an important contribution to China's GDP: China residents' consumption accounts for 49% of GDP. Among these 49%, clothing consumption accounts for 10.77% of urban residents' per capita expenditure, and rural clothing consumption accounts for 5.9% of rural residents' per capita expenditure; The national trade surplus accounts for 29% of GDP and the textile trade surplus accounts for nearly 60% of the national trade surplus. From 200 1 to 2008, 83% of China's trade surplus in goods was created by textiles ... It can be said that the textile industry is still the pillar industry of the country. Despite the impact of the international financial and economic crisis and the impact of domestic macroeconomic austerity policies, a series of support policies adopted by the state will greatly enhance the confidence of the industry.
According to statistics, in 2007-2008, 49 new food-related colleges and universities were established nationwide, initially forming an all-round food science and engineering talent training system with undergraduate and postgraduate education as the main body. In the past two years, the employment rate of undergraduate majors in food science and engineering in China has been higher than 80%, and a few universities can reach more than 95%. It is reported that the national "Eleventh Five-Year" science and technology support plan has 9 projects in food research, 108 topics, with a total investment of more than 600 million yuan. At the same time, food science and technology research has made advanced and innovative scientific and technological achievements in food processing, functional food, food safety and other major key technologies and theories, and developed a series of new technologies, new processes, new methods and new products based on biotechnology, nanotechnology and cellular molecular level, which has promoted the transformation of food industry from quantitative growth to nutrition, health and safety, and produced obvious economic and social benefits.
-China Food Science and Technology Progress Report 2007-2008 issued by China Association for Science and Technology in April 2009.
Food is the material basis for human survival and reproduction, and it is the first need for human growth and health. Because it is directly related to the rise and fall of a country and a nation, no government in more than 200 countries and regions in the world can despise the development of food industry. In China, food science has been designated as a first-class discipline by the Ministry of Science and Technology, and has the same status as mathematics and physics. Under it, there used to be many specific majors, such as sugar engineering, food engineering, oil engineering, tobacco engineering, storage and processing of agricultural products, and later they were integrated into the major of "Food Science and Engineering". The biggest advantage of this method is that it greatly broadens the professional field of food engineering, which is conducive to cultivating more wide-caliber and compound modern scientific and technological talents in China's food industry and enhancing the employment competitiveness of graduates.
China's food industry is in urgent need of a large number of specialized talents, and graduates majoring in food science and engineering have a wide range of employment. Food manufacturing and processing enterprises, products manufacturing and processing enterprises with animal and plant products as raw materials, and relevant state organs, universities, research institutes, commercial companies, customs, quality supervision, health and epidemic prevention, environmental protection, intellectual property protection and other departments are the employment destinations of graduates of this major.
[Next]
Nonferrous metal industry
{Industry and Professional Decoding}
Compared with steel, automobile, petrochemical and other industries, the non-ferrous metal industry is a relatively small industry, and it doesn't look so "close to the people". The non-ferrous metals that most people remember may be some rare words that they struggled to remember in textbooks many years ago, such as neodymium, nickel, antimony, magnesium, titanium and tantalum ... However, the importance and strategic position of non-ferrous metals cannot be ignored. As an important basic raw material, it has been found in the fields of electric power, transportation, construction, machinery, electronic information, aerospace, national defense and military industry.
China is the largest producer and consumer of nonferrous metals in the world. Materials are the majors that are most closely related to the non-ferrous metal industry in colleges and universities, such as metallurgical engineering, metal material engineering, inorganic non-metallic material engineering, rare earth engineering, material science and engineering, etc. In addition, geology, minerals and machinery are also closely related to the non-ferrous metal industry.
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"At this stage, the important role of non-ferrous metal industry in realizing urbanization, industrialization and informatization in China has not changed. Its position as a key supporting material for the development of modern high-tech industries has not changed, and the fundamentals of industrial development have not changed. Therefore, through the formulation and implementation of the Non-ferrous Metals Industry Adjustment and Revitalization Plan, comprehensive measures are taken to stabilize the domestic market, and the' forced' mechanism objectively formed by the international financial crisis is fully utilized to accelerate the elimination of backward production capacity, promote the merger and reorganization of enterprises, promote the transformation of growth mode, and realize the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure. At the same time, seize the current opportunity of falling international resource prices, guide enterprises to "go global", acquire overseas mineral resources, and strive to win the initiative in the next economic cycle. This is of great significance for promoting the sustainable development of the non-ferrous metal industry. "
—— Xiong Bilin, Deputy Director of the Industrial Coordination Department of the National Development and Reform Commission
Due to the global allocation of resources and the complete integration of product prices with the international market, the non-ferrous metal industry was hit hard in this international financial crisis, and its losses were even higher than many other industries. Due to the weak market consumption and the sharp drop in prices, the whole industry is full of difficulties. Despite the widespread difficulties, the industry as a whole is developing healthily, its status and role have not changed, and the general trend of industry development has not deviated. At the same time, with the large-scale flow and reorganization of production factors inevitably brought about by the crisis, many development opportunities have quietly emerged. We have reason to believe that this is still a promising industry.
Take the specialty of rare earth engineering as an example. This major cultivates knowledge of rare earth engineering, and can engage in scientific research, technology development, management and operation, engineering design and production in the fields of rare earth material development and application, rare earth metallurgy and analysis, rare earth mining and mineral processing. China is rich in rare earth mineral resources, is the largest producer of rare earth in the world, and is known as the "treasure house of new materials in 2 1 century". Rare earth is not only widely used in iron and steel industry, but also closely related to high-tech industry. It has the outstanding characteristics of product market globalization, and its subsequent industrial chain has a very broad development space. It is a sunrise industry in 2 1 century. For example, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology and Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, which set up this major, have made the rare earth specialty develop rapidly by taking advantage of superior geographical conditions. Of course, all previous graduates of this major have been snapped up by related enterprises! The Ministry of Labor and Social Security has positioned this major as one of the top ten hot majors in the next five years.
[Next]
shipbuilding industry
{Industry and Professional Decoding}
Shipbuilding industry is a modern comprehensive industry that provides technical equipment for water transportation, marine development and national defense construction, and is known as the "crown of comprehensive industries". In the national economy 122 industrial sectors, the shipbuilding industry needs 98 of them to provide it with all kinds of raw materials and supporting products, and the correlation degree is above 80%, especially in machinery, metallurgy, electronics and other industries.
Among the undergraduate majors set up in colleges and universities, ship and ocean engineering is the main major in the industry, such as marine engineering, port waterway and coastal engineering, engineering management, civil engineering, machinery, instrumentation, electrical information and other majors are also closely related to it. Because the shipbuilding industry is a technology-intensive industry, it needs not only high-level technical talents and management talents, but also a large number of front-line skilled workers. Therefore, students from higher vocational colleges (such as graduates majoring in ship inspection and marine engineering technology) can also show their skills here.
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In 2008, China surpassed Japan for the first time, accounting for 29.5% of the world market share, ranking second in the world. According to statistics, every additional shipyard labor force can drive the upstream industry to absorb about 2.26 more laborers. In recent five years, the average annual growth rate of China's shipbuilding industry output value is as high as 37%, which is obviously faster than the national average annual growth rate of 27%.
In 2008, China's shipbuilding output was 28,865,438+/kloc-0,000 dwt, up 52.2% year-on-year, and its share in the world market increased from 22.9% in 2007 to 29.5%. New orders and orders for hand-held ships are 58180,000 dwt and 204.6 million dwt respectively, accounting for 37.7% and 35.5% of the world market. In other words, 30% of the ships in the world are made in China.
Shipbuilding is the top priority of heavy industry in China. By 20 15, China will become the largest shipbuilding country in the world. To achieve this grand goal, China's shipbuilding industry must develop by leaps and bounds, and the key to this step is talent.
After graduation, students majoring in ship and ocean engineering can sign contracts with design and research institutions of ship and ocean engineering, maritime bureau, classification societies at home and abroad, shipping companies, offshore oil units, institutions of higher learning, shipping management, ship trade and operation, customs, marine insurance, maritime arbitration and other units to engage in the design, research, manufacture, inspection, use and management of ships and marine structures, and can also be employed in related units in the same industry and information industry. In addition, you can also strive for the qualification to study in the United States, Canada, Britain, Norway, Germany, Japan and other countries. Of course, you can also apply for graduate students in related majors. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Education, the employment rate of ship and ocean engineering specialty remained above 90% from 2004 to 2007.
However, we also see a phenomenon: the problem of talent flow and brain drain in shipbuilding enterprises is increasingly prominent, especially the brain drain of high-level management talents, design and technical talents and senior technical workers is more serious. As far as college graduates are concerned, low income is an important reason why college students are unwilling to engage in shipbuilding, especially the income of some wholly-owned state-owned shipbuilding enterprises has a certain gap compared with foreign shipbuilding enterprises and other industries. In addition, some college students believe that the shipbuilding industry is a traditional manufacturing industry with relatively difficult working conditions and little room for personal career development. These factors also affect college students' choice of shipping industry.
[Next]
creative industry
{Industry and Professional Decoding}
Although the creative industry is not an important pillar of the national economy mentioned above, it is indeed a new force, especially in large and medium-sized cities, which has become one of the important contents of urban development.
Creative industries, also known as creative industries, creative industries, creative economy, etc. , refers to the knowledge-intensive elements such as innovative ideas, skills, advanced technology as the core, through a series of creative activities, to increase the value of production and consumption, create wealth for the society, and provide a wide range of employment opportunities, mainly including R&D design, architectural design, culture and art, consulting and planning, fashion consumption, etc., involving many industries.
The demand for talents in creative industries includes cultural-related creative design, such as online media, fashion art, film and television production, environmental art, animation art and so on. Creative design related to industry and architecture, such as industrial design, interior design and architectural design; Creative design related to consumption, such as fashion consumption design, clothing design, advertising design, etc. Creative design related to tradition, such as the production of handicrafts. Therefore, the matching majors in colleges and universities include language, art, journalism, light industry and textile, and public management.
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Liu Changle, Chairman of the Board of Directors of Phoenix Satellite TV, said at the 2009 annual meeting of Boao Forum for Asia that at this year's CPPCC meeting, he once again proposed to submit a proposal on the development of cultural creativity, taking the investment in creative cultural industries as the economic growth point under the background of the financial crisis, hoping to get more policy inclinations and make the development of cultural creative industries more attractive. Liu Changle predicted that the greater development of cultural and creative industries in China should be in 2009, and the blowout will be in 20 10.
In today's world, creative industry is no longer just an idea, but a direct reality with great economic benefits. John John howkins clearly pointed out in his book Creative Economy that the creative economy in the world creates $22 billion every day, and it is increasing at the rate of 5%. In some countries, the growth rate is faster, reaching 14% in the United States and 12% in the United Kingdom. Throughout the world, many creative products, marketing and services in developed countries have attracted the attention of the whole world, forming a huge wave of creative economy and sweeping the world.
According to the data released by China Academy of Social Sciences on April 13, 2009, the development scale of creative industries in China is expanding year by year. Compared with 2007, the proportion of creative industries in GDP increased from 2.49% to 2.52% in 2008, but there is still a gap compared with developed countries. Last year, the creative and cultural industries in the United States, Britain and Japan accounted for 25%, 17% and 16% of GDP respectively.
Take the animation industry as an example. According to statistics, there are more than 5,600 animation enterprises in China, and the number is increasing at the rate of more than 300 every year, and the gap of animation talents is as high as one million. At present, the animation education industry is booming-there are hundreds of professional animation colleges in China, and thousands of colleges and universities offer animation-related majors. "From the current scale of the domestic animation education industry, it has even surpassed Japan." Some experts said that the domestic animation education industry is in a high-speed development stage, and solving the talent gap in the industrial chain is the key to the development of domestic animation.
Some experts believe that due to the financial crisis, people's life pressure and psychological pressure have increased, and they need spiritual sustenance and spiritual comfort, and they need to vent their emotions and release their pressure. In the future, all kinds of relaxed and pleasant cultural consumption at moderate prices will be more popular. As long as the contents of movies, TV series, entertainment performances, audio-visual products and online games meet the spiritual and cultural needs of the masses, consumer demand may rise. In other words, the potential of creative industries is unlimited, and the key is how to adapt to the development of the times.