Dig a ditch first and then dig a hole in the ditch. The ditch is 0.8m wide and 0.2m deep, and the planting hole is 0.8m in diameter and not less than 0.6m in depth.
2. Base fertilizer
Each plant needs to apply 5 kg of decomposed manure, 0.2 kg of phosphate fertilizer or 0.5 kg of oil cake, and mix well with the same amount of topsoil beside the planting hole for later use.
3. Seedlings
Before planting, 2-year-old rootstock seedlings with a diameter greater than 65438±0.2cm are required to be pruned, and the branches, splits and damaged parts are cut off.
4. Density
There are two modes: ordinary sparse planting garden and dense planting garden. The common sparse planting garden adopts the density of 6 meters row spacing and 4 meters plant spacing; The dense planting garden is planted with a row spacing of 4 meters and a plant spacing of 2 meters.
plant
When planting, backfill the manure-soil mixture, then put the seedlings into the holes vertically, fill the soil, and lift the seedlings when practical, so that the roots can be extended and fully contacted with the soil, and the depth is appropriate for the roots to be exposed from the ground. Water immediately after planting. When the soil is not sticky, loosen the soil, correct the seedlings and keep moisture.
Repair work
In order to prevent the trees from being blown down by the wind after planting, they should be dried at 60 cm after planting. Prune from small trees to open the path of light. Natural round-headed, cup-shaped and inverted herringbone trees can be used for plastic surgery.
1. Natural round head pruning
After grafting 1 year, tillers are removed, 4 ~ 5 main branches are left in the second year, and 2 ~ 3 branches are pulled down every year, so as to improve the lighting conditions and achieve the purpose of three-dimensional fruit.
2. Cup-shaped open-heart pruning
After the grafting survives, select 3-4 main branches, stretch them to an angle of 45-500 degrees, cut off the branches on the back, spray paclobutrazol twice in late April and early May according to the ratio of 2,000 times, and at the same time topdressing 1 times of phosphate fertilizer, and water them 4-5 times a year. Some stout branches can form short fruit branches that year. After that, the extension head of the main branch is pruned every year, and the fruiting branch of the lateral branch is cultivated to ensure that the apricot tree is completely transparent and bears three-dimensional fruit. This method is mostly tree-shaped in Zhongmi apricot orchard, which has good lighting conditions and early fruit. Grafting can bear some fruits in the second year, and basically all fruits in the third year.
3. Inverted herringbone tree culture
Inverted "human" tree is a new tree management mode adopted by Gaomi apricot garden, which focuses on early management.
(1) It is required that the main branches continue to be cored after grafting in the same year to promote the development of side branches. By the middle of June, the length of the main branch should reach more than 40 cm, and the weak main branch will affect the growth of the tree, and the effect is not obvious.
(2) Choosing two main branches is the key to the inverted herringbone tree. It is required that these two main branches are the strongest branches of the tree, and the distance between the bases should not exceed 10 cm, and it is best to grow in rows, otherwise it will be distorted. All the big branches should be thinned except the two main branches.
(3) After selecting the main branch, pull the branch in the direction between rows at an angle of 45 ~ 50. If the angle is too large, it is easy to break, and it will easily cause a lot of fruit hanging in the later stage, leading to the fracture of the main branch; The angle is too small to achieve the expected effect. After the branches are pulled out, the branches on the back become thinner. 1.In late April, 2,500 ~ 3,000 times of 2.5% Kung Fu EC or 400 times of 50% carbaryl wettable powder were used to control the moth.
2. To control bark beetles on apricot trees, 80% dichlorvos EC or 25% dichlorvos EC 1500 times solution can be sprayed on the whole tree, and the control effect is 93.4% at intervals of 15 days. At the peak of larval hatching, natural enemies of bark beetles 100 pairs/hectare were put into control. Before overwintering, the whole plant was sprayed with 20% triadimefon 3000 times solution, and the control effect reached 95%.