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I. Classification, naming and numbering of domestic natural stone materials:
1. Classification:
Natural stone can be divided into granite, marble, limestone, slate and sandstone according to commercial purposes.
2. Naming:
Chinese names are determined according to the name of the place of origin, the color of patterns and the types of stones. ※.
English names are idioms or foreign trade names. ※.
3. The numbering principle:
Part I: It consists of an English letter, which is the stone type code. ※.
Granite-"G"
☆ Marble-"M"
☆ Limestone-"L"
☆ Sandstone-"Q"
☆ Slate-"S"
Part II: It consists of two digits, representing the administrative codes of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government where domestic stone production is located. ※.
Part III: It consists of two digits or English letters, and the number of stone varieties of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government consists of digits 0-9 and English letters A-F. ※.
For example: Xinjiang Red G652 1 mongolia black G 1509 Sesame Black G 1362.
Fangshan white marble M 1 10 1 Hubei coffee net M4233 Guangdong coffee net M440 1
Black limestone L4 1 13
Mahogany sandstone Q3750 red sandstone Q3795 yellow wood grain sandstone Q5 19 1
Linzhou Yinjingban S 4 103 Taojiang Ash S430 1 Qingban S5 199
2. Granite:
1. Performance characteristics:
Hard and dense texture, high strength, weathering resistance, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, low water absorption and beautiful color can be preserved for more than 100 years. It is a good building material, but it is not heat-resistant.
2. Stone mining and processing process:
Gangue mining: uncovering the cover, separating, overturning, disintegrating and blocking, shaping, lifting and loading, and clearing the slag. ※
Stone processing ※
☆ Sawing: The granite waste is sawed into rough, strip and block semi-finished products with a stone saw.
☆ Grinding and polishing: This process first needs rough grinding and leveling, and then gradually goes through semi-fine grinding, fine grinding, fine grinding and polishing.
☆ Cutting: Cutting is to cut the blank plate or polishing plate according to the required specifications and sizes with a cutting machine.
☆ Chiseling processing: the rough embryo is processed into the required product by wedge cutting, chiseling, chopping, trimming and polishing, and the surface can be pineapple noodles, longan noodles, litchi noodles, natural noodles, mushroom noodles, brushed noodles, etc.
☆ singeing treatment: the surface is sprayed with flame to form uneven surface patterns, that is, burning surface.
☆ Auxiliary processing: edge grinding, chamfering, opening, drilling and milling the cut and polished stone as required.
☆ Maintenance: First, it must be cleaned, then dried, and qualified products are packaged and put into storage.
3. Wool board specifications:
60 heads: the width is 60 cm, and the length can be as long as required (generally about 2m). There are 70 heads, 80 heads, 90 heads, 1 m. In the garden landscape, 60 heads are used relatively more. From the price of raw materials, the greater the quantity, the higher the unit price of raw materials.
In garden landscape design, in order not to waste materials, please fully consider the specifications of wool board in the design process, especially pay attention to the specifications of capping materials and arc cutting materials.
4. Common stone surface treatment methods in gardens:
Stone surface layers commonly used in garden landscape include: smooth surface, brushed surface, machine cut surface, burnt surface, litchi surface, longan surface, pineapple surface, natural surface and so on.
Among them, the drawing must have detailed drawings and section drawings in the design process.
In terms of materials, the natural surface is the thickest, generally more than 40MM can be processed into natural surface.
5. Stone price: (for reference only)
(For reference only)
6. Factors to be considered in the application of landscape granite:
☆ Project landscape cost control
Understand the investment of the construction unit (landscape), and understand the price of different types and specifications of stone.
☆ Granite type where the project is located
Collect the information of commonly used stone materials where the project is located, reduce the transportation cost of materials and facilitate procurement.
Project style
Familiar with common stone types in different styles of landscape design.
☆ Color, specification and surface treatment of granite
Clever use of stones with different colors, specifications and surface layers.
☆ granite application site
Garage is generally more than 50MM thick, and pedestrian is generally 30MM；; The facade is generally 20MM thick, and the dry hanging is at least 30MM thick; The coping thickness should be determined according to the overall facade effect; Smooth materials are generally not recommended for outdoor floors. ); Wait a minute.
7. Common granite pictures in garden landscape:
8. Stone combination boxes of different varieties and specifications:
9. Granite paving technology:
Wet paving: it is mainly used for floors, internal walls and external walls below three floors. The grouting thickness of walls should be controlled within 3-5CM, and the mixing ratio of cement mortar is 1:2.5, 1:3. ※.
Process flow: ground cleaning and arrangement at the grass-roots level → leveling with cement mortar → setting elevation, elastic line → selecting materials → soaking wet board → installing standard block → paving cement mortar → paving stone → joint filling → cleaning → maintenance is completed.
Advantages: low project cost.
Lack of points: pan-alkali, white flow and other phenomena.
Dry hanging: it is a kind of external wall construction technology, which uses corrosion-resistant bolts and corrosion-resistant flexible connectors to hang decorative stone directly on the external surface of the structure, leaving a cavity of 40 ~ 50 mm between the stone and the structure. ※.
Process flow: structural deviation measurement (combining theodolite measurement with vertical and horizontal crane) → secondary design of construction drawing → setting out → welding of connectors and keel installation → installation of pendants → installation of decorative plates.
Advantages: not controlled by the construction environment, reducing wet operation, improving work efficiency, reducing building weight, and overcoming the shortcomings of cement mortar infiltrating stone.
Lack of points: high cost.
10. lithiasis-pantothenic alkali:
Pan-alkali is a white crystalline substance left on the surface of stone after evaporation, in which alkali, salt and other substances contained in stone itself and bonding materials are released along the pores and joints of stone.
In the design process, designers should take into account the phenomenon of stone flooding. Preventing water invasion is the basis to solve the phenomenon of flooding alkali, so waterproof layer (waterproof coating, waterproof coiled material or 5% waterproof agent mixed with cement mortar) should be set on the wall and pool wall with water flowing or penetrating, and the waterproof method should be selected according to actual needs. ※.
Before construction, the stone itself should be waterproof (waterproof back coating agent can be applied, and all six sides of the stone should be coated). ※.
If the stone has been submerged by alkali, it is necessary to clean the stone with flushing agent, but the cleaning effect is not particularly ideal. ※.
Three, marble (marble):
1. Performance characteristics:
The distribution of surface stripes is generally irregular, the hardness is lower than that of granite, the wear resistance is good, it is not easy to age, its service life is generally about 50-80 years, it is non-conductive, non-magnetic and stable.
2. Practical application:
Mainly used in indoor bars, dining tables, dining counters and so on. ※.
Common marble pictures:
Four, limestone (limestone):
1. Performance characteristics:
There are gray, gray-white, gray-black, yellow, light red, brown red and other colors. Generally, the hardness is not great, and it reacts violently with dilute hydrochloric acid. ※.
Lime has excellent properties, such as thermal conductivity, firmness, water absorption, air impermeability, sound insulation, polishing, good cementation and machinability. ※.
2. Practical application:
Used in the construction industry to produce cement and burn lime. Metallurgical industry be used as flux. ※. ※:
It is used in the chemical industry to make alkali, bleaching powder and fertilizer. Used as clarifying agent in food industry. ※. ※:
Used to improve soil in agriculture. Used as filler in plastic industry. ※. ※:
It is widely used in the coating industry to make various architectural coatings. Used as alkaline material in paper industry. ※. ※:
Used as the basic filler of rubber in rubber industry. Used as adsorbent in environmental protection industry. ※. ※.
Verb (short for verb) sandstone:
1. Performance characteristics:
Sandstone is a sedimentary rock. ※.
The main production colors are yellow sandstone, white sandstone and red sandstone. ※.
2. Practical application:
It is mainly used for sandstone round sculpture, relief, mural painting, ceiling carving, fireplace, cylinder, door and window cover, lines, architectural detail sculpture, garden sculpture and so on. ※.
All products can be colored, painted, polished and gilded as required. Through technical treatment, the surface of the work presents rough, delicate, cracked, natural cracks and other real stone effects. ※.
Five taboos for sand and gravel maintenance. ※:
☆ Don't wash directly with water (sandstone absorbs too much water and is polluted, which will inevitably cause various stone diseases, such as cracking, weathering, falling off, floating, yellowing, water stains, rust spots, white flowers and surface fog. )
☆ Don't touch non-neutral objects.
☆ Never wax at will.
☆ Don't use non-neutral detergent indiscriminately.
Do not cover carpets and sundries for a long time.
Six, slate (slate):
1. Performance characteristics:
It is a metamorphic rock with a plate-like structure and basically no recrystallization stone. It can be peeled into thin sheets along the grain direction of the board.
Good splitting performance, good flatness, small color difference, high blackness, high bending strength, low calcium, iron and sulfur content, low ignition loss, good acid and alkali resistance, low water absorption and good weather resistance. ※.
There are mainly blackboards, grey boards, green boards, rusty boards, purple boards and so on. ※.
2. Practical application:
Mainly used for floors and walls. ※.
High quality slate is processed into roof tiles, commonly known as slate tiles. ※.
Common slate painting: ※:
(The graphic content comes from the Internet, and the copyright belongs to the original author, only for learning and communication. )
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