Ten famous doctors in ancient times:

1. Bian Que

Bian Que (407 BC - 310 BC), named Qinyue, Bohai Mo ( Today's Neiqiu County, Hebei Province), a famous doctor during the Warring States Period. He also lived in the state of Lu (now Changqing, Shandong), so he was named Lu Yi because of his name. "Historical Records" and other records of his deeds span hundreds of years. Bian Que specializes in internal medicine, external medicine, gynecology, pediatrics, facial features and other departments. He uses acupuncture, acupuncture, massage, decoction, hot ironing and other methods to treat diseases, and is respected as the ancestor of medicine. It is said that Bian Que once rescued Prince Guo with his medical treatment. After Bian Que died, Prince Guo felt the kindness of his reconstruction and collected his bones and buried him. The tomb is located in the east of Qinghua Town, Yongji City today. When he was young, Bian Que was open-minded and studious, and studied medical skills assiduously. He put his accumulated medical experience to use for ordinary people, traveled around the country, practiced medicine in various places, and relieved people's suffering. Because Bian Que had excellent medical skills and cured many diseases for the people, the working people of Zhao State gave him the title of "Bian Que".

2. Zhang Zhongjing

Zhang Zhongjing is famous and is called the sage of medicine. A native of Nieyang, Nanyang County (now Zhangzhai Village, Rangdong Town, Dengzhou City, Henan Province, also known as Nanyang City, Henan Province). He was born in the Yuanjia and Yongxing years of Emperor Huan of the Eastern Han Dynasty (about 150-154 AD), and died in the late Jian'an period (about 215-219 AD). He lived about seventy years old. According to legend, he once promoted Xiaolian and served as the governor of Changsha, so he was called Zhang Changsha.

Zhang Zhongjing has been interested in medicine since he was a child. He is "well versed in books and has a deep understanding of Taoism." When he was ten years old, he had read many books, especially books on medicine. His fellow countryman He Yong appreciated his intelligence and expertise and once said to him: "If you have good thinking but poor rhyme, you will become a good doctor in the future" ("Farewell Biography of He Yong"). Later, Zhang Zhongjing really became a good doctor and was called "the sage of medicine and the ancestor of prescriptions." This was certainly related to his "using thinking essence", but it was mainly due to his love for the medical profession and his ability to "diligently seek ancient teachings and learn extensively." The result of "collecting many suggestions". When he was young, he studied medicine with Uncle Zhang from the same county. After years of hard study and clinical practice, the doctor's reputation has greatly improved, and he has become an outstanding medical scientist in the history of Chinese medicine.

3. Li Shizhen

Li Shizhen (1518-1593), whose courtesy name was Dongbi and whose name was near the lake, was about 1.63 meters tall today. He lived in Qizhou, Hubei (now Qichun County, Hubei Province). Qizhou Town), Han nationality, was born in the 13th year of Zhengde of Emperor Wuzong of the Ming Dynasty (1518 AD) and died in the 21st year of Wanli of Shenzong (1593 AD). His father Li Yanwen is a famous local doctor. Li Shizhen inherited her family knowledge, especially herbal medicine, and was full of practical spirit and willing to learn from the working people. When Li Shizhen was thirty-eight years old, she was summoned by the King of Chu in Wuchang to serve as the "Fengshizheng" of the palace and also in charge of the affairs of the good doctor's office. Three years later, he was recommended to Beijing to serve as a judge at the Taiyuan Hospital. Taiyuan Hospital was a medical institution dedicated to serving the palace. At that time, it was made into a mess by some quack doctors. Li Shizhen only served here for one year before resigning and returning to his hometown. Li Shizhen referred to more than 800 medical and academic books from past dynasties, combined with his own experience and investigation and research, and spent 27 years compiling the book "Compendium of Materia Medica", which is a comprehensive masterpiece of pharmacology before the Ming Dynasty in my country. It is highly praised at home and abroad, and has been translated or abridged in several languages. He also wrote books such as "Binhu Pulsology" and "Eight Meridians of Qijing".

The Li family has been practicing medicine for generations, and his grandfather is the "Bell Doctor". Father Li Yanwen, nicknamed Yuechi, is a famous local doctor. At that time, the status of private doctors was very low. The Li family was often bullied by officials and gentry. Therefore, his father decided to let his second son, Li Shizhen, study and take the exam so that he could succeed and stand out. Li Shizhen was frail and sickly since she was a child, but she had an upright and innocent personality and disdained the boring eight-part essay. In the nine years since he was admitted as a scholar at the age of fourteen, he went to Wuchang three times to take the examination, and his average ranking fell short of Sun Shan. Therefore, he gave up his plan to become an official in the imperial examination and concentrated on studying medicine. He asked his father for advice and expressed his determination: "My body is like a boat against the current, and my heart is stronger than iron and stone. I hope that my father will fulfill his ambitions and he will not be afraid of difficulties until death." Li Yuechi said in Coldness Faced with the fact, he finally woke up, agreed to his son's request, and taught him carefully. Within a few years, Li Shizhen became a very famous doctor.

4. Sun Simiao

Sun Simiao (541 or 581-682) was a famous Taoist priest and medical expert in the Tang Dynasty. Known as the "King of Medicine". A native of Jingzhao Huayuan (now Yaoxian County, Shaanxi Province). Young and smart, eager to learn. He said that he "suffered from the cold when he was young, and he repeatedly built a medical school. He spent all his money on decoctions and medicines and all his family property." As he grows older, he understands the teachings of elders, villagers and hundreds of schools of thought, and is also familiar with Buddhist scriptures. At the age of 18, he determined to study medicine. "I have realized that many of my neighbors, both at home and abroad, who are suffering from illness will benefit from it." In the first year of Dacheng in the Northern Zhou Dynasty (579), due to the royal family's many reasons, he lived in seclusion in Taibai Mountain (in today's Yi County, Shaanxi Province) to study Taoism, refine Qi, nourish the body, and study the techniques of maintaining health and longevity. When Emperor Jing of Zhou came to the throne and Yang Jian assisted in the administration, he was appointed Doctor of the Imperial Academy, but he could not do it despite his illness. During the Sui Dynasty (605-618), he traveled to Emei in the middle of Shu. After the death of the Sui Dynasty, he hid in Zhongnan Mountain and became friendly with the eminent monk Daoxuan. When Emperor Taizong Li Shimin of the Tang Dynasty came to the throne, he was summoned to the capital and awarded a title because of his "righteousness". However, he refused and went to Emei to refine the "Taiyi Shenjing Dan". In the third year of Xianqing (658), Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty summoned him to Beijing again and lived in Princess Poyang's ruined mansion. The next year, Emperor Gaozong summoned him to give advice to the officials, but he still refused. In the fourth year of Xianheng (673), Emperor Gaozong fell ill and ordered him to accompany him. In the first year of the Shangyuan Dynasty (674), he resigned from illness and returned to the mountain. Emperor Gaozong gave him a good horse and made him the Poyang princess. Yongchun died in the first year of his life, and he was ordered to be buried sparsely, without hiding any visible objects, and to sacrifice animals to the prison. In the second year of Chongning, Huizong of Song Dynasty (1103), he was posthumously named Miaoying Zhenren.

5. Ge Hong

Ge Hong (284-364) was a Taoist scholar of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, a famous alchemist and medical scientist. His courtesy name was Zhichuan and his nickname was Baopuzi. He was a native of Jurong, Danyang County, Jin Dynasty (now Jurong County, Jiangsu Province). The great-nephew of Ge Xuan, the alchemist of the Three Kingdoms, is known as the Little Immortal. He was once granted the title of Marquis of Guannei, and later lived in seclusion in Luofu Mountain to refine elixirs. He is the author of "Baopuzi", "Emergency Prescriptions", "Miscellaneous Notes of Xijing", etc. Among them, the elixir book "Baopuzi Neipian" specifically describes many aspects of chemical knowledge such as refining gold and silver elixirs, and also introduces many material properties and material changes. Ge Hong was proficient in medicine and pharmacology, and advocated that Taoist priests should also practice medical skills.

6. Huang Fumi

Huang Fumi, whose childhood name was Jing, also given the courtesy name Shi'an, and named himself Mr. Xuanyan. A native of Anding Chaona (now Chaona Town, Lingtai County, Gansu Province). He was born in the 20th year of Jian'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 215) and died in the third year of Taikang in the Western Jin Dynasty (AD 282). He lived to be sixty-eight years old. He compiled "Acupuncture and Moxibustion Classics A and B", as well as "Century of Emperors", "Biography of Gao Shi", "Biography of Yi Shi", "Biography of Women", "Collection of Mr. Yuan Yan" and other books, which are important in the history of medicine and literature. Prestigious.

7. Hua Tuo

Hua Tuo (about 145-208) was a medical scientist in the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Han nationality. Zi Yuanhua was born in Peiguoqiao (now Qiaocheng District, Bozhou City, Anhui Province). "Book of the Later Han Dynasty? Biography of Hua Tuo" says that he "is also proficient in several classics and knows the art of nourishing one's nature", and is especially "good at prescriptions and medicines". People called him "the miracle doctor". He once compiled his rich medical experience into a medical work called "Qing Sang Jing", but unfortunately it has not been handed down.

Hua Tuo had superb medical skills. He pioneered the use of general anesthesia to perform surgical operations, and was honored by later generations as the "originator of surgery." Not only is he proficient in prescriptions, but his attainments in acupuncture and moxibustion are also very admirable. Every time he used moxibustion, he only took one or two acupuncture points and applied moxibustion on seven or eight acupuncture points, and the disease was cured.

8. Qian Yi

Qian Yi, whose courtesy name is Zhongyang. His ancestral home is Qiantang, Zhejiang, and his grandfather moved north, so he was born in Yunzhou, Dongping (now Yuncheng County, Shandong). He was born in about the first year of Song and Ming Dynasties (AD 1032) and died in the third year of Zhenghe (AD 1113).

The most outstanding aspect of Qian Yi’s academic life was that he “dedicated himself to his career for forty years.”

"Pediatric Medicine and Syndrome Direct Jue" written by Qian Yi, the first famous pediatrician in the history of Chinese medicine, is the first existing pediatric monograph in my country. For the first time, it systematically summarized the syndrome differentiation and treatment methods for children, and paediatrics has since developed into an independent discipline. Later generations regard it as a classic work on pediatrics, and Qian Yi is honored as "the sage of pediatrics" and "the originator of pediatrics".

9. Zhu Zhenheng

Zhu Zhenheng, also known as Yanxiu, lived from 1231 to 1351 AD. A native of Jinhua (now Yiwu County, Zhejiang) in the Yuan Dynasty, he lived in Danxi, so later generations respectfully called him Danxi Weng, also known as Zhu Danxi. He was eager to learn since he was a child, and he studied Confucianism under Xu Qian, a disciple of Zhu Xi. Although Luo Zhiti was a disciple of Hejian, he bypassed the learning of Zhang Congzheng and Li Dongyuan, so he gave the books of Liu Hejian, Zhang Congzheng, Li Dongyuan and Wang Haizang to Danxi, allowing Zhu Danxi to bypass the teachings of famous scholars at that time and expand the scope of knowledge. Through years of clinical practice, Zhu created his own theory and established his own theory. He created the famous theories of "Yang is always in excess and Yin is often insufficient" and "The Theory of Phase Fire", and he proposed the theory of Qi, blood, phlegm, stagnation, His syndrome differentiation and treatment methods have made contributions to the development of medical theory and the treatment of miscellaneous diseases. He is known as one of the four masters of Jin and Yuan Dynasties. He is the author of "Ge Zhi Yu Lun", "The Development of Bureau Prescriptions", "Jin Gui Gou Xuan", "Supplement to the Explanation of Materia Medica", etc. In addition, there are many books circulating about Danxi, among which "Danxi Xinfa" and "Danxi Xinfa Supplementary" are the most representative. However, these are not written by Danxi himself. They are the result of Zhu's clinical experience that was transferred to later generations. Organized.

10. Ye Tianshi

Ye Tianshi, named Gui, also known as Xiangyan and Shanglu Old Man. A native of Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province, he was born in about the fifth year of Kangxi's reign in the Qing Dynasty (AD 1666) and died in the tenth year of Qianlong's reign (AD 1745).

Ye Tianshi inherited his family education. His grandfather's name was Zifan, named Shi, and his father's name was Yangsheng, named Chaocai. They were both good at medicine. During the day, he studied scriptures with his teacher; at night, his father taught him "Qihuang Studies". Therefore, since he was a child, he had searched extensively from "Suwen", "Nanjing" and books written by famous writers from the Han, Tang and Song Dynasties.

There is also

One Xu Yinzong

Xu Yinzong, one Zuo Yinzong, was born in about the second year of Liang Datong in the Southern Dynasty (536) and died in Wude of Tang Dynasty Nine years (626), he died at the age of ninety. The Xu family was from Yixing, Changzhou (today's Yixing, Jiangsu Province). He served in the Chen Dynasty in the Southern Dynasty. He was initially a foreign soldier of the New Cai King and the prefect of Yixing. After Chen's death, he became an official in the Sui Dynasty, where he served as a minister of medicine and served as the emperor. In the first year of Wude in the Tang Dynasty (618), he was granted San Riding attendant.

Xu is famous for his medical skills. He is proficient in pulse diagnosis and flexible in using medicine without sticking to one method. In the sixth century AD, he used medicinal fumigation to treat Empress Dowager Chen Guoliu. At that time, the Empress Dowager could not express her illness and was mute and could not take medicine. He placed Astragalus Fangfeng Decoction under the bed and fumigated the medicine like smoke into the patient's abdomen. The logic worked, and the Queen Mother was able to speak that night, so Yin Zong granted Yixing the title of prefect.

Xu's diagnosis and examination of diseases places great emphasis on taking pulses to find out the cause of the disease. He advocates treating the disease with the same amount of medicine and not using mixed medicines indiscriminately. He only needs to use one medicine alone to attack the disease directly. A lifetime of pulse diagnosis and medication is unique.

2. Zhen Quan

Zhen Quan was born in about the seventh year of Liang Datong in the Southern Dynasty (541) and died in the seventeenth year of Zhenguan in the Tang Dynasty (643) in Fugou, Xuzhou (now Henan Fugou), due to his mother's illness, he and his younger brother Zhen Liyan studied medical skills and specialized in prescriptions, and became a famous doctor. Zhen Quan is particularly knowledgeable in acupuncture and medicine. He practiced medicine throughout his life, and many people were alive: in the early days of Emperor Kaihuang's reign in the Sui Dynasty (581), he worked as secretary Sheng Zhengzi, but later resigned due to illness. Zhen Quan, a master of the art of self-care, proposed that letting go of the old and bringing in the new can purify the lungs, which is an effective way to keep fit and prolong life; he also advocated that food does not have to be sweet. In the seventeenth year of Zhenguan (643), Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, visited his home in person to inquire about the properties of medicine and how to maintain health. He was granted the title of Chaosan doctor and given a longevity stick and clothing. He died that year.

Zhen wrote quite a lot throughout his life, including one volume of "Mingtang Human Figures"; three volumes of "Acupuncture Notes", one volume each of "Acupuncture Prescriptions", "Maijue Fu", and "Medicine Properties". "On" in four volumes. These works have been lost, and some of their contents can be found in works such as "Preparing for Emergency Prescriptions of a Thousand Gold Prescriptions", "Essential Prescriptions of a Thousand Gold Medals", and "Secrets of Waitai", which had a certain influence on later generations.

3. Zhen Liyan

Zhen Liyan, the younger brother of Zhen Quan, was born in the eleventh year of Liang Datong in the Southern Dynasty (545) and died in the Zhenguan period of the Tang Dynasty (627-649). During the Wude period of Tang Dynasty (618-626), he was promoted to Taichang Cheng, and he and his brother Zhen Quan were renowned for their medical skills at that time. Liyan is skilled in medical skills, proficient in herbal medicine, and good at treating parasitic diseases. He is the author of seven volumes of "Compendium of Materia Medica", three volumes of "Compendium of Materia Medica", two volumes of "Compendium of Materia Medica", and fifty volumes of "Ancient and Modern Prescriptions", all of which have been lost. Some of the lost texts can still be found in "Qian Jin Yao Prescription" and Seen in "Secrets of the Outer Taiwan". His "Ancient and Modern Prescriptions" such as "Waitai Mi Yao" introduced "quenches thirst and makes urine sweet", which is the earliest record of diabetes in my country.

4. Sun Simiao

See above

5. Zhang Baobao

Zhang Baobao, courtesy name Dan, was born in Yueyang, Tang Dynasty (now Lintong, Shaanxi Province) ), lived about the sixth century AD. During the Zhenguan period of the Tang Dynasty (627-649), when Baobao was seventy years old and he was appointed as the chief minister of Jinwu, Li Shimin in Taijing was suffering from dysentery. Various doctors repeatedly failed to treat it, so he issued an edict to seek medical prescriptions. Baobao had suffered from this disease before, so he took Rujian and finished it. Dial the prescription and it will heal, he has the method to sparing it. After Taizong took the medicine, his dysentery was completely cured. Therefore, Baobao was conferred the rank of Hongluqing, a third-grade civil servant, who was the highest-ranking official in the medical history of our country.

6. Cui Zhiti

Cui Zhiti was born in Yanling, Xuzhou (now Yanling, Henan). He was born in the Sui Dynasty in the eleventh year of Daye (615) and lived in the first year of Chuigong in the Tang Dynasty (685). ), died at the age of 70. Cui was born in the eunuch family and served successively as Sima, Duzhi Langzhong, and Hubu Yuanwailang in Luozhou (now Henan). During the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, he was promoted to a young eunuch in the palace, and later served as the Minister of Zhongshu. For Shangshu Youcheng. In the first year of Tiaolu (679), he became the Minister of the Ministry of Household Affairs.

Cui was good at Qihuang's art, and in his spare time from political affairs, he liked to engage in medical activities. He is good at acupuncture, clinical diagnosis and treatment, and has many innovative ideas in disease diagnosis and prescription. His most famous book is "Moxibustion Prescriptions for Bone Steaming Disease", which was included in "Waitai Secrets" as "Moxibustion and Bone Steaming Method Diagram", which is the legend of Prime Minister Cui's moxibustion. Law. His writings and documents that can be examined mainly include ten volumes of "Compilation of Essential Prescriptions", one volume of "Moxibustion Prescriptions for Guzheng Disease", and one volume of "Production Map", all of which have been lost and can be found in "Waitai Mi Yao" Its outline. There are also five volumes of "Cui Zhiti Ji" and two volumes of "Legal".

7. Zhang Wenzhong

Zhang Wenzhong was born in the Tang Dynasty. He died in Tang Dynasty in the third year of Wude (620). The third year of the Holy Calendar (700 years). A native of Luoyang, Luozhou, Tang Dynasty (now Luoyang, Henan Province). In the first year of Guangzhai's reign (684), Wu Zetian served as the imperial physician and later became the imperial physician. Wen Zhongtong is a master of medical theory, especially the study of wind and qi. He believes that there are 124 types of wind and 80 types of qi. If they cannot distinguish them, the pathogenesis of the disease will be delayed and death will occur. Although the medicines for treating qi diseases and wind diseases are generally the same, human nature is different. Athlete's foot, head wind, and upper qi often require continuous medication, while other diseases are triggered by the disease and can be treated temporarily. People suffering from bad habits can relieve themselves in the late spring, early summer and late autumn, and they will not suffer from serious illness. ("Old Tang Book. Zhang Wenzhong Biography No. 141, Volume 191, Zhonghua Book Company, 1975, month, day, first edition", Wu Zetian ordered him to gather together the famous doctors of the time to compile various folk prescriptions, and ordered Wen Zhong, the supervisor of Lintai, to supervise his compilation. Three volumes of "Ji Fang Lun" and one volume of "Dharma Xiang Lun" are lost. Some of its contents can be found in "Waitai Secret Key"

8. Wei Xun

Wei Xun. Taoist name Cizang was born in about the 18th year of Zhenguan (644) in the Tang Dynasty and died in the 29th year of Kaiyuan (741). He was a Taoist priest in Jingzhao Mansion (now Guanzhong, Shaanxi Province) and was skilled in medicine (684-690). ) served as the imperial physician and was as famous as the famous doctors Zhang Wenzhong and Li Qianzong at that time. He was ordered to diagnose Su Liangsi's illness with Zhang Wenzhong. During the Jinglong period of Emperor Zhongzong (707-710), he served as Guanglu Qing and was in charge of food. He was already in his late teens and would soon grow old. He returned home. He used medicine to help people and visited the people. He often brought a black dog with him. After his death, he was offered sacrifices to Wang Temple.

9. Wang Tao

Wang Tao was born in about the third year of Zongzhang of Tang Dynasty (670) and died in the fourteenth year of Tianbao (755). ), (now Shaanxi County), his great-grandfather Wang Gui was the prime minister of Taizong Dynasty.

His grandfather was Chongji, his father was Maoshi, and Wang Tao was his second son. His elder brother was Guangda, a doctor named Si Xun. Tao had two sons, the eldest son Sui was once the minister of Dali Temple, and the second son Fu was once the governor of Suzhou.

Wang Tao was sickly in his childhood, and he loved medicine when he was older. His mother had been ill for many years, and he felt that people who did not know the medicine should not be a filial son, so he determined to study medicine. At the beginning of the eighth century, he worked in Hongwen Hall (Tang Dynasty). He served as the National Library for more than 20 years, during which time he read thousands of volumes of ancient medical literature. All books read were collected and recorded, and a large amount of information was accumulated. During the Tianbao period (742-755), he was demoted to Fangling (now part of Hubei) for some reason, and later went to guard Daning. At a time when local diseases were prevalent, Wang took the prescriptions recorded in the scriptures and administered them himself. Many patients were cured, so he determined to compile a comprehensive collection of medical prescriptions. In the eleventh year of Tianbao (752), he wrote forty volumes of "Secrets of Waitai" and handed it down to the world. Another of his works, "Mingtai Yaolue" in ten volumes, was the simplified version of "Waitai Mi Yao", but unfortunately it has been lost.

10. Jianzhen

Jianzhen, whose common surname was Chunyu, was a Buddhist master in the Tang Dynasty. He was born in the fourth year of Chuigong (688) and died in the second year of Guangde (764). .

Jianzhen was originally from Jiangyang, Guangling (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu). His family was poor when he was young. When he was 14 years old in the first year of Chang'an (701), he became a monk with his father in Dayun Temple (later renamed Quxing Temple) in Yangzhou. In the first year of Shenlong (705) of Emperor Zhongzong of the Tang Dynasty, he received the Bodhisattva ordination from Zen Master Daoan. In the early years of Jinglong's reign (708), he went to Luoyang and Chang'an with his teacher and received lessons from famous teachers many times. When he returned to Yangzhou in the first year of Kaiyuan (713), he had become an eminent monk with profound knowledge of Buddhism and served as the abbot of Daming Temple in Yangzhou.

In the 21st year of Kaiyuan of the Tang Dynasty (733), Japan sent monks Rongrui and Puzhao to study in my country along with the Tang envoys, and invited eminent monks to go to Japan to preach Dharma and give ordination. In the first year of Tianbao (742), Jianzhen accepted the invitation from Japan. In the second year of Tianbao (743), Jianzhen and his disciples Xiangyan, Daoxing and others began to travel eastward. In the past ten years, he has made five attempts to cross the sea, and has gone through many hardships and dangers without success. After the failure of the fifth eastward journey, the 62-year-old Master Jianzhen became blind. His eldest disciple Xiangyan passed away, and the Japanese monk who invited him also died of illness. However, his ambition to make the eastward journey remained unwavering. On November 15, the twelfth year of Tang Tianbao's reign (753), he led more than 40 of his disciples to cross the sea for the sixth time. In the same year, he landed at Satsuki Tsumayaura, Japan (today's Akizukiura, Kagoshima, southern Kyushu), and passed through Dazaifu. , Osaka and other places, and entered the Japanese capital Heijo Kyo (today's Nara, Japan) in the following year, and was greatly welcomed by Japanese monks and laymen.

Jianzhen was the first master in my country to go to Japan to establish the Buddhist Vinaya sect. At that time, the emperor, empress, crown prince and other senior officials of Japan all accepted the ordination method of Jianzhen's three masters and seven certificates, and converted to Buddhist disciples. In the second year of Qianyuan of Tang Dynasty (759, that is, the third year of Japan's Tianping Baozi, Jianzhen came into effect in Nara He founded Zhaoti Temple and wrote the "Three Parts of Precepts" for printing and circulation, which was the beginning of Japanese printing.

Jianzhen was proficient in medicine and herbal medicine. He identified, processed, formulated and collected Chinese traditional medicine. , application and other technologies were brought to Japan, and they taught medicine and enthusiastically treated patients. In the first year of Totoku (756, the eighth year of Nippon Tenhei Shoho), Jianzhen and his disciple Horei cured Emperor Shomu's disease. Although Jianzhen had already died at that time, He is blind, but he can identify the authenticity of medicines by tasting, smelling and touching them with his hands. Therefore, he enjoys high prestige in the Japanese medical community and is known as the founder of Kampo medicine and the Shennong of Japan. The historian Fujikawa Yu pointed out in "History of Japanese Medicine": "Although there were many famous doctors in ancient Japan, only Jianzhen and Tashiro Miki were honored with statues" (Fujikawa Yu, "History of Japanese Medicine").

Jianzhen passed away on May 6th in the second year of Guangde in the Tang Dynasty (764, the seventh year of Japan's Tenpyoji). He was buried in Shimono Yakushi Temple, Japan. There is a cubic pagoda with the inscription "Japanese Kingdom" written on the front. In the Bibliography, there is a "Volume of Master Jian's Secret Recipes" and "Jian Zhen's Secret Recipes". The book has been lost for a long time, and the lost text can be found in "Yixin Prescription"

11. Qin Minghe.

Qin Minghe, whose hometown is unknown, lived in the seventh century AD. He and Zhang Wenzhong were doctors to Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty. He had superb medical skills and was skilled in acupuncture. After the investigation, it was thought that it was caused by the reversal of the morals, and the bleeding could be cured by pricking the head with a Bianstone. The Queen of Heaven was furious when she heard this, and said that the emperor's head should be bled. If the patient is ill, it cannot be punished. If he has a heavy head, dizziness, and unbearable bleeding, it may not be bad. Qin pricks the Baihui and brain holes, and the patient recovers after a slight bleeding. Then the Empress of Heaven will thank her inside the curtain and give her a gift. See (Old Tang Book. The fifth edition of Emperor Gaozong's Chronicles, first edition of Zhonghua Book Company, 1955).

12. Yuantan Gongbu.

Yuan Dynasty. Dan Gonpo (gYu-thogrNying-maYon-tanmGon-po) was born in Duilung, the western suburbs of Lhasa. His great-grandfather Luo Zhexining was the imperial physician of Tibetan King Songtsen Gampo, and his grandfather Zhai Jiejia. It is said that when Yutu was three years old, he learned how to write, read and read Tibetan scriptures from his father Qiongbu Dorje. Yuandan Gonpo showed extraordinary talent and was carefully educated and cultivated by his father in the family education and medicine family. Under the influence, he is diligent and studious, and has a solid foundation in medicine since his youth.

Yutuo had a profound master-disciple relationship with the royal physician and mainland physician Dongsonggangwa. Dongsonggangwa published his medical works "Cure Epilepsy: Wheel of Life" (gZa-bCos, Srog-giKhor-1o) and "Cure Rabies" Three books were given as gifts: "KhyibCossPu-griiKhor-lo" (KhyibCossPu-griiKhor-lo) and "Cure of Spasticity - Phase Wheel" (Bya-bCosmTshon-gyiKhor-lo).

In his youth, Yu Tuo went to Tianzhu twice to study. The first time he studied abroad lasted four years, and the second time he studied abroad, he traveled to and from Japan for one year and eight months. After returning to Tubo, On the one hand, he healed the patients and on the other hand, he taught medical skills to his disciples.

At the age of thirty-eight, Yu Tuo traveled to various parts of Tianzhu for four years for the third time and consulted famous doctors. Especially in front of the famous doctor Me-dbyang, I listened to "Yi Six Hundred Thousand" (gSo-dpyadbum-pa), "Yi Xu Jingjian" (rGyud-gSel-gyiMe-long) and "Yuewang Medicine Diagnosis Supplement" (Somaratsakha-skong) and so on, in Panchen. Before Chandala Bizun, he received many medical treatises such as Drang-srong Xyan-brgyud and Yan-lagbr Gyad-pa. Returned to Tubo, practiced medicine and taught apprentices, with outstanding achievements. Zanpu granted him three fiefs: Ta, Gong, and Qiong, and built a temple in Gongbumanlonggou to train doctors, process medicinal materials, prepare medicines, practice medicine, and collect folk prescriptions. Later, he led his disciples to the Wutai Mountains in the mainland to worship Buddha, prayed for medical advice from the monk Arya, and listened to many special teachings such as "Sbyor-baiphreng-ba" (Sbyor-baiphreng-ba) and "Byang-Khog Don-khrems" (Internal Medicine Hidden Meanings). medical training instructions.

At the age of forty-five, Yu Tuo based on early Tubo medicine and absorbed medicine from Han, Tianzhu and other places. After more than 20 years of hard work, he wrote the famous medical masterpiece "Four Parts" that has been passed down through the ages. Medical Codex.

In view of Yu Tuo. Yuandan Gongpo's outstanding achievements in Tibetan medicine are respected by the Tibetan people as the "Medical Sage" and the "King of Medicine".

13. Wang Bing

Wang Bing, also known as Qi Xuanzi, also known as Qi Yuanzi. He was born in about the first year of Tang Jingyun (710) and died in the 20th year of Zhenyuan (805). His hometown and residence are unknown. Tang Baoyingzhong (762-763) was the Taipu Order, so he was called Wang Taipu.

When he was young, Wang was devoted to Yi Lao's studies, emphasized health preservation, and devoted himself to medicine. He was especially fond of the "Huangdi Neijing". From the ninth year of Tianbao (750) to the first year of Baoying (762), it took twelve years to compile 24 volumes of "Suwen", totaling 81 chapters. Wang was very researched on the theory of luck, and his theoretical insights were recorded in the supplement The commentaries on the seven major treatises entered into it are the foundation of the theory of luck in later generations. He also put forward the theory of syndrome differentiation and treatment. For example, when treating the deficiency of Yuan Yang, he advocated "reinforcing the source of fire to eliminate the Yin Yin Yin." And when treating the exhaustion of True Yin, he proposed "strengthening the master of water to control the sun". This is so far. Famous quotes on clinical principles.

Wang's other book "Xuanzhu" was lost in the Song Dynasty. There are also ten volumes of "Xuanzhu Secret Language", three volumes of "Zhao Ming Hidden Edict", thirty volumes of "Tian Yuan Jade Book", one volume of "Yuan He Ji Yong Jing", etc., all of which are attributed to later generations.

14. Liu Yuxi

Liu Yuxi, also known as Mengde, was a famous writer, politician and medical scientist in the Tang Dynasty. He was born in the seventh year of Dali of Tang Dynasty (772) and died in the second year of Huichang (842). His ancestral home is Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu). Because he had served as the guest of the prince, he was called Liu's guest.

Yu Xi was frail and sickly since childhood and often took medicine from the imperial court. He has done extensive research on medicine. After thirty years of perseverance, he became a good doctor. When treating diseases, we should pay attention to practical effects and not adhere to ancient methods. We should put forward the preventive idea of ??"killing diseases before they happen, and attacking and treating them later". We should make good use of single prescriptions and proven prescriptions in treating diseases, and pay attention to the collection and compilation of folk medicine experience. He was ordered to participate in the compilation of materia medica and classic prescriptions, and wrote two volumes of "Xinxin Prescriptions". This book includes the ten prescriptions given to him by Xue Jinghui when he was in Lianzhou and more than 50 prescriptions based on folk experience. Because each party has its own evidence, it is named Chuan Cong. Its content covers various clinical subjects, as well as first aid content. The medication is simple, convenient and inexpensive.

Fifteen, Zan Yin

Zan Yin, a native of Chengdu (now Chengdu, Sichuan) in the Tang Dynasty, lived in the 13th year of Zhenyuan (797) of the Tang Dynasty and died in the 13th year of Dazhong. (859), Zan's fine medical science, good at obstetrics, and proficient in pharmacology. During the Dazhong period of Tang Dynasty (847-852), he combined the previous experience and effective prescriptions for menstruation, pregnancy, pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum diseases as well as his own clinical prescriptions* **378 poems were compiled into a book called "Jingxue Zhanbao", which lasted in three volumes.

In addition, Zan also has considerable research on health preservation and dietary therapy. Many of his food-based medical prescriptions are easy to obtain, cheap and effective. He wrote three volumes of "Tao Yang Prescription" and "Food Medicine and Heart Monitoring", which are still extant today.

16. Gan Bozong

Gan Bozong was born in the Tang Dynasty. His biography is unknown. He once compiled seven volumes of "Biography of Famous Doctors". This book collects the biographies of 120 famous doctors from the Three Emperors to the Tang Dynasty. It is the earliest biographical monograph of medical figures in my country. Later generations called it "The Biographies of Famous Doctors" or "The Records of Famous Doctors".

In the Song Dynasty, when Xu Shenzhai expanded the number of characters in this book to five dynasties, it was called "Pictures of the Original Report of Famous Doctors of the Past Dynasties". It is a historical biography of a medical family with biographies, pictures and praises. Unfortunately, the original book has been lost long ago, and part of its content Scattered in the Song Dynasty's "Famous Doctors of the Past Dynasties Mengqiu".

17. Li Xun

Li Xun, whose courtesy name was Derun, was a native of Zizhou, Shu (now Santai, Sichuan) during the Five Dynasties, and lived in the ninth and tenth centuries. Li Xun's ancestor came to China during the Sui Dynasty. His surname was changed to Li during the Sui Dynasty in the early Tang Dynasty. During the Anshi Rebellion, he moved to Shu and settled in Zizhou. He was known as a native of Persia in Shu. There are three brothers and sisters of Li Xun who can take the exam, and Xun is the eldest brother. His sister Li Shunxian was the lord of Shu, Wang Yanzhaoyi. His younger brother Li Xuan, also known as Yanyi, was known as Li Silang. He liked to travel and was fond of health care. He was especially interested in refining elixirs. He spent all his money on selling incense and medicine. He was once the prince of Wang Yan and led an official.

Li Xun had a lot of research on medicine. He had traveled to Lingnan, enjoyed the scenery of the South, and got to know many medicines introduced from overseas. He is the author of six volumes of "Haiyao Materia Medica", which is characterized by citations of sea medicine literature. According to the statistics of existing lost documents, the book contains 124 kinds of medicines, 96 of which are marked with foreign origins. For example: benzoin and halal came out of Persia, dipterocarp came out of law, and gold dust came out of the great food country. In addition, the book describes the form, authenticity, pros and cons, nature and taste, indications, side prescriptions, dosage, preparation method, taboos, fear of evil, etc. of the medicine. Some provisions also contain explanations of drug names. Pittosporum bark, Tianzhugui, myrrh, etc. recorded in the book were not included in other herbal books at that time. Unfortunately, the original book was lost in the Southern Song Dynasty, and its contents were scattered in works such as "Zhenglei Materia Medica" and "Compendium of Materia Medica".

18. Han Baosheng

Han Baosheng was a native of Shu (now Sichuan) in the fifth generation. He lived around the tenth century AD. His birthplace and place of birth are not recorded in historical records. When Meng Chang, the lord of Later Shu, was in power (934-965), he served as a bachelor of Hanlin Academy and was ordered to major in "Compendium of Materia Medica". He and other doctors carefully examined the form of medicines and studied the efficacy of medicines. Based on "New Materia Medica" and referring to various materia medica documents, he carried out collation, addition, annotation and revision work, and compiled "Shu Hai Guangying Public Materia Medica" , referred to as "Shu Materia Medica", consists of twenty volumes, accompanied by "Illustrations", with a preface by Meng Chang, and has been published in the world.

The content of "Shu Materia Medica" is more detailed than Su Jing's "New Materia Medica". Unfortunately, the original book has been lost. Most of its articles were collected by Shenwei's "Zhenglei Materia Medica" and Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica" in the Song and Tang Dynasties, which had a certain influence in history.