We often say that moles are not just moles, but also spots. We usually call pigmented nevus nevus. It is a benign skin tumor, which is composed of nevus cells containing melanin, rather than pigmentation. Because there are nevus cells, they will increase with age and increase to a certain extent, but they will not disappear without external means.
If it is a pigmented nevus that usually does not become malignant, such as intradermal nevus, it does not affect the appearance and generally does not need to be removed. As for some moles that may be malignant, such as borderline nevus and mixed nevus, we should let the hospital experts check them, and then decide whether it is suitable for resection and what method to adopt.
Nevus is a kind of nevus cell vegetation in human body, which can increase with age before most people are born to 30 years old. Pigmented nevus rarely becomes malignant, but it does affect people's appearance. Pigmented nevus can be divided into three types: one is borderline nevus, which is located at the junction of lower epidermis and dermis, presenting a well-defined nevus cell nest, smooth or slightly raised, and hairless; Second, intradermal nevus, located in the dermis, has a smooth surface and dark brown color, and often has hair growth; The third type is mixed nevus, which consists of boundary nevus and intradermal nevus. Slightly convex, smooth surface, with or without hair and deep pigment. For general laser Dot mole, the first choice is borderline nevus.
Literally, nevus is any congenital, localized and benign abnormal focus of melanin system. In daily application, nevus is often synonymous with melanocytic nevus. Generally speaking, it refers to a benign tumor that occurs on the skin, dark brown, mostly round, as small as a needle tip and as large as a piece.
Almost everyone has a mole. Some moles are born, and some moles appear within 1 year after birth, and the number gradually increases with age. Generally, puberty peaks, and there are few new moles after twenty or thirty years old.
Nevus are caused by an increase in the number of melanocytes, and melanin deposition in the dermis is called intradermal nevus. The deposition between dermis and epidermis is called borderline nevus; Those who have both of the above attributes are called mixed mole.
Most moles appear in the second to sixth year after birth, so they are formed the day after tomorrow. By the age of 20, almost all of them had moles. The natural course of nevus is very stable. Relatively speaking, it is rare for nevus to fade naturally, increase obviously and become malignant in the course of disease. The number of moles of each body is inconsistent, and the surface of normal human body is 15-20 moles/person. The vast majority of moles are distributed in the skin, but a few can also be distributed in mucous membranes covered by linear epithelium such as mouth and vagina, and even in superficial lymph nodes such as armpits. The distribution ratio of nevus in different parts of the body is different from that of malignant melanoma. Nevus are relatively common in the head and neck and trunk, while malignant melanoma is more common in the lower armpit.
Nevus cell nevus, also known as pigmented nevus or cell nevus, is a benign tumor of melanocytes. Nevus cells are developed from neural crest precursor cells, usually migrate to the superficial dermis, look like melanocytes, and often concentrate locally as nevus nests. If smooth skin, especially exposed parts such as face, is irregularly covered with pigment spots, it will undoubtedly destroy the overall beauty of skin color, and some patients even dare not look in the mirror, causing emotional disorders.
Complete works of methods for removing moles:
1. Chemical drugs
In the market, strong acid or strong alkali chemicals are used for cauterization, while Dot mole trichloroacetic acid is used in hospitals, which has a good effect on newly emerging and shallow combined nevus, and often leads to sunken scars due to excessive cauterization, or raised scars due to scar formation.
2. Electric combustion
It is effective for superficial combined nevus and deep protruding combined nevus.
Surgery is not easy to control, and it is easy to produce scars.
freeze
Cryogenic nevus with liquid nitrogen.
Can effectively remove protruding and flat moles.
Because depth control is not easy, it often causes injuries, so now dermatology does not need to treat moles.
4. Surgical excision
It can be removed once and for all. If it is likely to be malignant hydatidiform mole, pathological examination can be performed after removal.
Excision is a kind of operation, which requires anesthesia and suture, and the wound is difficult to take care of.
5. Laser vaporization of nevus
Except some punctate bleeding after laser surgery, there was no trace after demobilization.
It is only suitable for shallow nevus, because the melanocytes remaining under the skin will surface again and again, which requires multiple laser treatments.
It's a little difficult to save eyebrows.
At present, there are many plastic surgery methods, and each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. First of all, the doctor should check the state of the mole and make suggestions before making a decision.
Electric combustion method
Methods: The principle of electric heating and high temperature burning was used to remove the nevus caused by burning and carbonization.
Advantages: simple operation, which can be operated by some beauty salons.
Disadvantages: it is difficult to control the degree of burning, and it is easy to leave scars. Indications: nevus with a diameter of 0.3-0.5 cm.
Laser Dot mole method
Methods: At present, laser can be used to remove superficial nevus, such as ruby laser, chromium laser or dye laser. If it is a large and deep mole, it should be removed by carbon dioxide ultra-pulse laser.
Advantages: Laser nevus removal can control the best spot size and depth, and it is not easy to leave scars and infections.
Disadvantages: if the mole is too deep, you may still have to play several times. Indications: Most of them can be used, including deep and shallow nevus.
Surgical excision
Methods: The pathological tissues around the nevus were surgically removed.
Advantages: this method can choose to partially or completely remove the diseased tissue, and different treatment methods can be carried out according to the nature of hydatidiform mole.
Disadvantages: it is difficult and takes a lot of time. This method is rarely used in general moles.
Indications: large and prominent nevus with a diameter greater than 0.6 cm.
Chemical etching method
Methods: Generally speaking, 50% triazole carbonic acid solution or alkaline reagent, such as sodium hydroxide, is suitable for nevus.
Advantages: Triazole carbonic acid solution is not easy to burn the skin and cause scars; Alkaline solution is corrosive and may take effect soon.
Disadvantages: triazole carbonic acid solution acts slowly, and the deeper mole may be 10 times; Sodium hydroxide is not easy to control the corrosion depth, and it is easy to cause deep scars.
Indications: Nevus with light color and light position.
freezing method
Methods: Cryopreservation with liquid nitrogen, high-speed freezing of pigmented nevus tissue, formation of water sores around pigmented nevus cells, and then spontaneous shedding.
Advantages: The depth of the injury is relatively easy to master, usually once, and it is not easy to cause obvious scars.
Disadvantages: large and thick moles can only be taken out after repeated freezing, and special instruments must be equipped, and the doctor's skills are also very important.
Indications: Flat nevus with a diameter of 0.3-0.5 cm, including freckles.