The grape production area and total output in China are increasing year by year, and consumers are demanding higher and higher grape quality. In order to improve the market competitiveness of grape fruit, the workload of grape production management is increasing day by day, and the required labor force and labor cost are increasing year by year, but the labor force engaged in fruit production is very tight. Especially in the critical period of grape production, such as flower thinning, fruit thinning, fruit treatment, etc., the lack of labor and the annual increase in wages often cause delays in orchard management, which eventually leads to problems such as low fruit yield, poor quality and serious pests and diseases. The author put forward labor-saving and efficient grape pruning and dewatering technology, hoping to provide technical help for fruit farmers.

A labor-saving and efficient method for shaping grape inflorescence

Plastic surgery is an important work in grape cultivation management. Ear shaping is beneficial to concentrate nutrients at flowering stage, improve fruit setting rate, increase fruit grains, reduce fruit thinning workload and control ear size and shape. There are many ways to shape the inflorescence of grapes, including pinching the ear, removing the secondary ear, removing the branch, thinning the ear, keeping the ear, removing the ear and shortening the branch. Among them, ear retention not only makes the ear beautiful and the ear shape standard consistent, but also facilitates the use of plant growth regulators to treat seedless, fruit preservation, expansion and so on, improving fruit quality and increasing grapes. Therefore, keeping the tip of the ear is the most popular and popular ear repair method at present.

In production, the methods of scissors and hand-kneading are mainly used to remove too long or too many branches, leaving spikes with appropriate length. There are also a few parks that use the grape inflorescence shaper invented in Japan for pruning (Figure 1). According to statistics, the average time of using scissors and hand-kneading for ear shaping is 25 seconds/ear, and the average time of using inflorescence shaper is 9 seconds/ear. However, inflorescence shaper is expensive, and it often has the disadvantages of blunt cutter head and broken inflorescence, so it is not particularly suitable. After practical exploration, the author found that a faster and more labor-saving method can be used for grape inflorescence shaping, which is called "flower smoothing method" It only takes an average of 3 seconds/ear to use the "flower smoothing method" for the whole inflorescence. According to the calculation of 2000 spikes/mu, it takes about 14 hour to trim spikes with scissors. If the "flower-arranging method" is adopted, it only takes 2 hours per mu, which can greatly improve the work efficiency.

The method of "smoothing inflorescence" is to set the length of spike tip and directly stroke off the redundant branches on the upper part by hand (Figure 3). The key to smooth inflorescence technology is to master the best period of smooth panicle. The production time of the whole inflorescence is generally 65438 0 weeks before flowering or the inflorescence separation period. If the inflorescence is ground flat during this time, the cob and fruit stalk will be torn, cut off or even broken, which is easy to cause disease infection, and the cob will turn brown and lignified. However, from 2~3 days before flowering to the early flowering stage, the branches of grape ears become brittle and easily ground, which will not cause problems such as wrangling and injury.

Usually, when the inflorescence is complete, the fruit grower will hold a ruler or a measured stick to determine the ear length (Figure 2), which increases the complexity of the operation of "measuring one ear and trimming another". It is suggested that the inflorescence trimmer should measure the length of fingers and knuckles in advance, reach out and fix the length during the whole inflorescence period, and directly row the flower heads, which can greatly improve the work efficiency.

The spike tip length of different varieties is inconsistent. It is suggested that summer black, seedless in early summer, 86 1 1 and other varieties should leave 7 cm spike tips from 2 to 3 days before flowering to the beginning of flowering. Kyoho, Jingya, Hutai No.8, Yin Hong, Fujimino, Liao Feng, Xianfeng and other Kyoho lines should be treated without seeds to ensure fruit. It is suggested that the spike tip should be 5 cm from 2 to 3 days before flowering to the beginning of flowering. For seedless sunshine roses, it is suggested that the spike tip should be 6~7 cm from 2~3 days before flowering to the initial flowering. It is suggested that Red Globe and Xiruiduo leave 12 cm spike tips when flowering, and 14 cm spike tips when Ruby is seedless. Generally speaking, it is not recommended to pinch off the top of the spike when leaving the spike, which will inhibit the elongation of the inflorescence. When mung beans become thinner, the spike length can be fixed and the spike tip can be removed.