A: Potted vegetables refer to vegetables planted in flowerpots or other containers for people to watch or pick. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of family living standards, potted vegetables are increasingly loved by people. Potted vegetable cultivation should pay attention to the following aspects:
1, choose crops and varieties that suit your preferences. Because the special environmental conditions in the living room have certain restrictions on ornamental vegetables, short crops are generally suitable. There are two kinds of potted vegetables: one is colorful leafy vegetables. The leaves of this vegetable are bright and colorful, and the aesthetic enjoyment provided by this vegetable is not inferior to that of some flowers, with high nutritional value. For example, colorful spinach, kale, coriander, purple leaf lettuce and other varieties. The second is the variety of fruit. There are a large number of these vegetables, such as five-color peppers (green, red, yellow, purple and white), cherry tomatoes, finger-thick cucumbers and pocket pumpkins. , unique shape, colorful, let a person fondle admiringly.
2. Choose a flowerpot of suitable size. You can choose plastic flower pots, pottery pots or wooden pots, especially rare purple sand pots and glazed ceramic pots, and potted leeks can choose foam boxes. Generally speaking, the size of the flowerpot has a certain influence on the growth of vegetables, and the larger the flowerpot, the higher the yield. If possible, it is best to use protective measures such as plastic shed or film covering and insect net to prevent pests.
3. Choose suitable substrates, fertilizers and pesticides. Selection principles: First, the substrate used must be clean, thoroughly disinfected, nutritious and free from pests and diseases, and peat, vermiculite, perlite, mushroom waste and clean river sand are generally selected; Second, try not to use chemical fertilizer, and use more decomposed organic fertilizer; Third, the occurrence of pests is mainly artificial killing.
4, master the cultivation techniques, maintenance should pay attention to the following aspects:
First, before planting, we should know the characteristics of the selected crops and arrange the appropriate sowing date.
The second is to adjust the temperature, light and humidity in time. Generally, it should be placed in the open air or on the balcony to receive sufficient light. You can also put it on the balcony at night and indoors during the day.
The third is to set pruning in time. Potted vegetables should not only grow well, but also be beautiful and artistic. Dwarf crops should be pruned in time to remove yellow leaves, and tomatoes, melons and fruits should be built into shelves of various shapes with bamboo or steel bars to make them climb and grow.
Fourth, scientific fertilizer and water management. Adopt decomposed organic fertilizer, water in time to control water, make its root system developed, grow healthily and have good results.
Key Techniques of Potted Vegetables
Preparation of nutrient soil (liquid) Nutrient soil (liquid) can be prepared according to the fertilizer demand characteristics of vegetables. Humus soil, humus soil, peat soil, sawdust, shavings, rice husk, etc. can be mixed with peat. Or mix river sand or sand, perlite, vermiculite, coal cinder with humus soil, compost soil and peat soil to make potted nutrient soil. Tissue culture and soilless culture can be used if conditions permit.
Dwarf varieties should be selected for the prevention and management of dwarfing of potted vegetables. At present, there are not many dwarf varieties, so it is necessary to control water and squat seedlings in the early stage of growth. The principle of water management is not to affect the growth and development of vegetables. At the same time, plant regulation can be used to dwarf plants, and growth regulators can be used to control plant growth if necessary.
Plastic technology can be used for pruning, scaffolding, modeling and landscaping according to vegetable varieties and market demand, and can be combined with several plants of the same variety or with different varieties for landscaping. For example, potted tomatoes adopt the method of continuous pit removal. According to the characteristics of strong growth potential of tomato, axillary buds on both sides can form branches, blossom and bear fruit, and pruning with two stems and three stems can be carried out, and growing points can be picked when the plant is 80 cm high, so that the plant is short and strong and the fruit is mature. By twisting branches, picking leaves and beating branches to make pots, the bearing capacity of basic branches is increased and the seed setting rate is improved.
Light nitrogen, heavy phosphorus and potassium bonsai vegetables require short stature, so they also pay attention to fertilization. If too much nitrogen fertilizer is applied, bonsai vegetables, especially ornamental fruit varieties, will grow too fast in the early stage, the plant type will not be well controlled, and they will lose their ornamental value. Therefore, bonsai vegetables should master the principle of light nitrogen and heavy phosphorus and potassium in fertilization.
Pest control potted miniature ornamental vegetables must be pollution-free vegetables, and their pests and diseases should be controlled by pollution-free technology. In principle, agricultural control and biological control are given priority to, supplemented by chemical control.