Spread out a map of Eurasia, Lake Baikal is like a blue crescent moon embedded in the vast mountains of Siberia. Lake Baikal is currently located in southern Siberia, Russia, in Buryatia and Irkutsk.
It is worth mentioning that Lake Baikal belonged to the territory of China at the earliest, and it was the main activity place of northern nationalities in early China. The shepherd in Suwu is talking about the North Sea of Lake Baikal. Standing on the misty lake, the boundless lake is like the sea. China was called Beihai in ancient times, which was once the main activity area of northern tribes. Later, after the signing of the Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar between the Qing Dynasty and Russia, Lake Berga is now the main settlement of Irkutsk ethnic minorities.
As we all know, Lake Baikal is the deepest lake in the world, so how deep is it? First of all, its official data is that the average water depth is 730 meters, which is "higher" than the 600-meter-high Ping An Financial Center Building in Shenzhen, China. The average depth of Qinghai Lake, the largest lake in China, is only 20 meters, which is a world of difference.
Attention! This is only the average water depth. So how deep is it?
1643, Kurbat drew a plan of Lake Baikal and its rivers, which was the first intuitive description of Lake Baikal in history. 1655, Avakum, the high priest, passed through Lake Baikal on his way to exile. 1667, the first rough map of Lake Baikal was drawn. 1729, Peter the Great sent a German to Messerschmitt to inspect Siberia, and he made his first scientific expedition to Lake Baikal.
According to the Russian journal of scientific information, the investigation and measurement of Lake Baikal began at 1798.
/kloc-at the end of 0/9 and the beginning of the 20th century, Russian expeditions have made extensive explorations on Lake Baikal and its surrounding areas. At the beginning of the 20th century, scholars drew the first complete map of Lake Baikal and measured the depth of the lake. 1959, the depth of the lake was recorded as 1620m. 1974, the depth of the lake recorded by the sounder was 1637m, and 1977. During this period, Soviet scholars used the deep-water exploration instrument "Percis" to investigate Lake Baikal. 199 1 year, the maximum depth of the special submersible "bossis" diving into Lake Baikal is1637m. 1992, related experts drew the topographic map of Lake Baikal according to the information of the hydrogeology department of the Russian navy. However, due to the technical limitations at that time, the distance of the calibrated underwater isobath was 100 m to 500 m, and the topographic map was not accurate enough.
In order to make up for the defects, experts from Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ghent University in Belgium and Barcelona University in Spain have recently measured Lake Baikal with more advanced echo detectors, and analyzed the data of about 1, 3 1, 000 measuring points, making the distance between underwater isobaths reach 50 meters.
In 2008, Russian scientists put forward an outline of submarine survey in July, seeking to investigate the depth of diving into Lake Baikal. To this day, the deepest part of the lake is still undetectable.
The results of measurement and analysis show that Lake Baikal extends from northeast to southwest, with a length of about 672 kilometers and its widest point of 73 kilometers. The slope of the lake basin is asymmetric, and the northwest is steeper than the east; The central lake basin is the deepest, reaching1642m, while the northern lake basin is smaller, reaching 904m. The fresh water in the whole lake is 23,000 cubic kilometers, accounting for about 22% of the total fresh water on the earth's surface. There are 22 islands in the lake, and there are 336 rivers flowing into the lake, including no less than 3 big rivers, and there is only one big river flowing out of the lake-Angara River; There are about 2630 species of animals and plants in the lake area, 60% of which are endemic to Lake Baikal, such as ringed seals, viviparous shellfish and whitebait.
You asked me how much I love you, as deep as Lake Baikal. If the Yangtze River is injected into it, it will take 25 years to fill it.
Measuring Lake Baikal by the tallest building in the world is equivalent to more than two and a half times that of Shenzhen Ping An Financial Building. It is equivalent to the two tallest towers in the world, Burj Dubai, which is 828 meters high; Five Eiffel Towers or 17 Big Ben: Show you the depth of Lake Baikal intuitively.
0 1 encyclopedia knowledge
Wikipedia lists five sources of the maximum water depth of Lake Baikal: 1634m, 1637m, 1642m, 1643m,1741m.
Among them, 174 1m comes from Japanese Chronology of Science, 20 12, Heisei 24th Edition.
According to the data given by Ghent University in Belgium, the maximum detection depth of Lake Baikal is 1642 m ... and the coordinates of this point are n 5314' 59 "-e10805'1". Considering that the lake is 455.5 m above sea level, the deepest part of Lake Baikal is below 1 186.5 m above sea level. The maximum detection depth of the northern basin is 904 meters. The coordinates of this point are 54 20' 43 "N-E108 42' 53". The maximum detection depth in the central basin is1642m, and the coordinates of this point are n 5314' 59 "-e10805'11". The maximum detection depth in the southern basin is 146 1 m, and the coordinates of this point are n 5146' 32 "-e105 22' 03".
02 media reports
According to the Global Times on July 29th, 2008, Russian small deep-sea submarines Heping-1 and Heping -2 dived into the bottom of Lake Baikal on July 29th, among which Heping-1 was located at the depth of1680m, setting a world record.
03 map
Looking through various world atlases, the deepest part of Lake Baikal is probably south of Orhon Island, but the specific depth is actually inconclusive.
The Gipsometric heskaia Kartassssr published by 1949 is1741m.
1954 The world atlas of the Soviet Union was1741m.
1959 Atlas of the World of the Times (the second volume of the mid-century edition) is1742m. How is this extra meter calculated?
1960 Soviet union atlas (Russian version) shows 174 1 m.
1969 Soviet Atlas1620m.
1978 The social studies map of Japanese middle schools is also1620m.
Time World Atlas Comprehensive Edition 1994 Ninth Revision Edition1940m, the deepest.
In 2008, China 200 1 Third Edition Atlas Middle School Teachers' World Map Album 1620m.
In 2008, the "authoritative latest data" given by the National Atlas of the Russian Federation were1.637m and1.625m, both of which reached the east of the island.
Dibowski and V.Godrevsky, members of the Federation of Russian Geographical Societies, made in-depth research on Lake Baikal, and their work laid the foundation for Russian lake science.
Geologically, Lake Baikal is a waterway valley with a large gap into the ground, with a depth of 15 to 20 kilometers.
Lake Baikal has the same origin, shape, shape and depth as Lake Tanganyika in Africa. According to the theory, Old Lake Baikal is not an ocean, but a developing ocean. At present, Lake Baikal is expanding at a rate of 2-3 cm per year.
The expansion of Lake Baikal is the result of crustal movement. When the Indo-European plate is pressed into the Eurasian plate, the damaged part of the Eurasian plate forms the Amur plate, that is, the space between the Eurasian plate and the Amur plate. Lake Baikal continues to split and expand.
Earthquakes in Lake Baikal occur an average of 2000 times a year. June 5438+February 2003 earthquake magnitude reached 7. Fortunately, there was no loss of life. However, the 1862 earthquake caused huge losses to Lake Baikal, with 200 square kilometers of coastal area and five Buryat villages falling into the lake.
After every earthquake, the bottom of Lake Baikal will sink 3 to 5 meters, so the map of Lake Baikal is always "outdated".
There are still many unsolved mysteries about Lake Baikal, including how deep it is.