Pruning method of ash-saving bonsai
There is no difference in cultivation methods between potted ash and garden ash, and the pruning method is similar.
(1) Basic pruning methods of ash: The basic pruning methods are also short cutting, budding and thinning. Short cutting is to solve the problems of unclear main branches, weak skeleton and messy crown caused by its natural growth. Short cutting can constantly promote new shoots, keep a certain number of new leaves and avoid the emptiness of old branches. The branches at the top of the new shoots of Fraxinus ash are numerous and dense, and the short tips are dense, which can make the tips thick, the crown compact and round, and the branches are not easy to sag. By weakening trees and branches short, cutting strong trees and branches light, suppressing the strong and helping the weak? , you can adjust the tree potential. By short cutting (pruning), bud orientation and location culture of stem tip can fill the gap.
(2) The degree of ash cutting can be divided into heavy cutting and light cutting. Short cutting before germination in spring can cultivate skeleton branches and promote strong seedlings. Sometimes in order to cultivate strong main branches, they can be cut back into branches of the previous year or the year before. Only a few nodes are cut from the top of the branch, which is mainly used to promote the growth of new shoots in that year.
The germination of ash trees should be carried out as soon as possible. If the new buds have been picked and the branches are too long, care should be taken to protect the buds at the base so as not to affect the germination.
Pruning ash is used to prune dense branches; Cut off dead branches and diseased branches to make the crown branches distribute reasonably and evenly, and also use thinning to treat long branches to balance the tree potential.
(2) Pruning ash: Pruning is mainly carried out at seedling stage, that is, cultivating skeleton branches to form a crown. After the first branch of the seedling matures, it is replanted about 10 cm to cultivate the main branch. When the main branch is mature, it should be pruned again before the new branch germinates to promote the growth of the new branch. At the same time, we should strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, and strive to send more branches that year. Finally, the 1 autumn shoot should be painted neatly. After pruning, it will bear fruit in the second or third year.
Treatment and reproduction of Fraxinus mandshurica bonsai
Fraxinus mandshurica stumps bought from far places of origin were dug by mountain people in winter and early spring. Local cultivation excavation time can be excavated except from mid-June to mid-August. Generally, the protection measures of mountain people during excavation and transportation are poor. Although this tree species has strong vitality, in order to obtain a higher survival rate, we still need to pay attention to its dehydration in different degrees. First of all, the hurdles should be in place at one time. This kind of tree takes root easily, and it can grow fibrous roots through a cut with a root diameter of 200 mm. Therefore, the root branches that hinder the future pot shape should be sawed off decisively. Secondly, we should absorb enough water. If possible, it is best to put the roots upright in water dissolved with rooting agent (such as rooting powder and vitamin B 12), and the treatment time shall be subject to the instruction manual of rooting agent. Or soak the whole pile in clear water for a day and a night, and then plant it in a sand bed for maintenance. The root burial depth should be more than 20cm, and the old piles and dry piles with dry diameter greater than 20cm should be deepened appropriately. Pile arrangement distance: the spacing between medium-sized piles should be greater than 0.5m, and the spacing between large-sized piles should be greater than1m.. This is conducive to the extension of branches, otherwise the branches cover each other, which is not conducive to growth and pruning operations. Thirdly, after planting, it should be filled with water, so that the sand can be in close contact with the root gap. At ordinary times, the sand bed should be kept moist and the trunk should be watered frequently. If 30%-50% sunshade net is used for protection, the effect will be better. Generally, it will germinate in late spring and early summer. After beginning of autumn in early August, you can take off the sunshade net and let it enjoy the sunshine. From the end of April to the beginning of May, if there are still uncleaned stumps, scrape off their bark with a knife. If the top bark is still emerald green and not yellow, it can be pulled out of the sand bed, soaked in clear water for a day and night, and then planted in a semi-shady and semi-sunny place for maintenance, which can still promote germination and survival.
In order to protect the ecological environment, sowing and cutting propagation are now advocated. Sowing is suitable for large-scale propagation. You can refer to the garden technical data. Bonsai lovers are more likely to propagate by cutting, which is carried out in winter and spring. Use annual robust branches, cut 10cm~ 15cm long before germination, insert them into sand bed, shade them properly, water them frequently, and keep the sand bed moist. It can take root in more than 30 days, and can be transplanted to the field for cultivation in mid-May. It can also be planted in summer and autumn, but it must be shaded to keep the sand bed moist, which is a bit difficult to manage.
Fertilizer and water management and pest control of ash-saving bonsai
Can be used for the management and maintenance of ash bonsai? The flood swells the sun? To sum it up. Big water: that is, there must be enough water, and wet is better than dry; Large fertilizer: thin fertilizer should be applied frequently during the growth period, once every 5-7 days, so as to facilitate the absorption of trees and avoid the waste of fertilizer solution. Fertilization time is usually carried out in sunny afternoon when the basin soil is dry, and the leaves are washed with water after fertilization. On rainy days, the soil in the basin is wet, and the roots are not breathing well, so it is not easy to absorb after fertilization. Big sun: Even on a hot day, as long as the water keeps up with the high temperature and strong sunshine of 380c-400c, you can see the growth of shoots, and the branches rarely cut themselves, which shows that the adaptability is particularly strong. The simplest way to judge whether they are short of water, fertilizer and sunshine is to observe the germination of their new shoots: when fertilizer, water and sunshine are sufficient, the branches protruding from the top of the tree are thick, and the tender branches and leaves are purple and gradually turn green. When insufficient, the branches are thin and the young leaves are light green.
5~7 days before picking leaves and pruning buds, cake fertilizer and water must be applied once. At the peak of growth, new buds will sprout after three days of strong cutting. After the new buds germinate, cake fertilizer and water should be applied again, and the ratio of water to fertilizer is 8: 1. The fuller the branches, the more pruning times can be increased.
Except for the yellowing of ash leaves caused by long-term sprinkler irrigation in alkaline soil and tap water, no other bacteria invaded. Yellowing disease should be dissolved with ferrous sulfate according to the ratio of 1:400, and then the roots should be irrigated once every other week for 3~5 times in a row.
Pests invading Fraxinus parviflora did not occur in the first few years. In recent years, there are mainly two kinds of pests: one is flower thrips, the larval length is about 65438±0.5mm, which often harms the newly developed leaves in spring, making the edges of the leaves roll outward, making the newly germinated tips shrink into a ball, unable to stretch, and the heart leaves gradually wither. Spray insecticide with dichlorvos 800~ 1500 times, dichlorvos 80% EC 1000~ 1500 times or diving insects 1000~2000 times in time; Or after the larval damage period, when the diseased leaves are removed normally, promote the new leaves to return to normal. The other is bladder scale and red scale. For trees with insufficient sunshine and weak tree potential, most of them suck juice from injured branches. 20% pyrethroid can be sprayed 2000 times in May-June and September-165438+1October, and it is best to kill the pests manually when they just occur.
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