Poetry Appreciation

(1). The test points require the ability to read simple ancient poems

1. Appreciate the image, language and expression skills of literary works.

2. Evaluate the ideological content of literary works and the author’s opinions and attitudes.

(2) Explanation of test points

1. Appreciate the images in the works, including the images of things, scenery, and characters, grasp the characteristics of the images, and analyze the thoughts and feelings contained in the images. , understand the typical meaning of the image.

2. Appreciating the language of works includes accurately understanding the specific meaning, metaphorical meaning, implicit meaning, and suggestive meaning of relevant words; it also includes accurately understanding the deep meaning and implication of important words; appreciating the poetic language to depict images, The artistic effect of expressing emotions and creating artistic conception.

3. Appreciative expression skills include metaphor, comparison, metonymy, exaggeration, intertextuality, synaesthesia, pun, foil, contrast, irony, repetition and other rhetorical skills, expressing emotions through scenes, blending situations, and supporting objects to express aspirations. , borrowing from the past to express feelings, borrowing from the past to satirize the present, using allusions, foreshadowing, symbolizing, contrasting, setting off, trying to exaggerate before suppressing, taking the lead, using small things to see big things, combining movement and stillness, using movement to describe stillness, and the virtual and the real (when creating a character image, It is also called the combination of frontal description and side description), Bixing (indirectly lyrical poetry), direct expression of the heart (directly lyrical poetry) and other expression techniques.

4. Evaluating the ideological content of the work includes summarizing the main theme, briefly analyzing the political significance, ideological significance, and life significance of the work, appreciating the author's life interest, aesthetic taste and artistic style, and pointing out limitations.

Error analysis

In the college entrance examination examination room, the most common mistakes candidates make are:

1. Lack of grasp of the points. For example, in the appreciation of single words, points are often lost due to the lack of standard format constraints. The most common point loss is the lack of analysis of the author's emotions.

2. I don’t know where to start when it comes to technique appreciation questions. I often see the test paper at a loss, and lack the method of focusing on the big picture and starting with the small. In fact, remember the lyrical (direct, indirect - borrowing scenes to express emotions in the big picture) , supporting objects to express aspirations, borrowing ancient expressions to express aspirations), description (language, movement, psychology, details) methods, remember several common techniques in small details (contrast, foil, movement and stillness, virtuality, imagination, rendering, sense, color, (Front and profile description plus rhetorical techniques), and you have mastered most of the question types that can basically deal with expression techniques.

3. The "scenery" in the scene appreciation questions is not detailed, but often thick. In fact, the scene must be summarized in detail. In addition, emotional summary often forgets the author's inner feelings, and only the author's attitude towards the scene. .

4. Style and characteristic questions lack examples and analysis, only general sentences. Unable to prove one's own definition.

5. There is a lack of overall understanding of some categories of poems. For example, the basic ideological content of nostalgic poems, pastoral poems, and frontier fortress poems must be clear, and there is a summary of the main ideological content of category poems in mind. We can completely rely on the categories of poems. to judge the ideological content of the poem.

6. I usually read less poetry, and I don’t know much about some common poetic images, so I feel at a loss when completing the test questions.

Lesson 1

Images of key breakthroughs

Key points of examination

The format of questions for appreciating poetry images are:

1. Feel the object of the poem

2. Describe the scene of the poem

3. Appreciate the characters in the poem

4. Understand the scene of the poem< /p>

1. Guide to classic questions

(1) Feeling object image type

Example 1 (Liaoning volume, 2009) Read the following Song poem and complete the following topic.

Late stay in Yueyang Ouyang Xiu

I heard the bells in Yueyang City while lying down, and tied the boat to the trees under Yueyang City.

Just when the bright moon comes over the empty river, the clouds and water are vast and the river is lost.

The moon on the river is clear at night, and the people on the water are singing and returning under the moon;

One sound can be heard for a long time, and the short boat flies away like flying.

There are three places where "moon" is mentioned in the poem. Please give a brief appreciation of this. (6 points)

Test point Appreciation of images in ancient poetry

Test question analysis

Ancient poems often project inner feelings onto objective objects by placing their feelings on objects. In the object image, the objective object image and the poet's subjective feelings are integrated. Therefore, when appreciating the object image in poetry, one should grasp the verses describing the object image in the poem, understand the characteristics of the object image, and then appreciate the expressive effect of the object image. The answer should contain three key points:

1. What object is it written about? 2. What is the word that best reflects the situation of the object? What words best reflect his character? 3. Point out the poet’s emotions contained in the objects.

Reference answer

The third sentence states that the bright moon "comes" to hang over the river, showing that the author is on a journey with only the bright moon as his companion; the fifth sentence uses personification to present the "moon lane" on a quiet night. The picture of "clear light" also serves as a guide for the fisherman returning home in the next sentence; in the sixth sentence, the moonlight leads the people on the water to fly home accompanied by the song, which brings out the author's homesickness.

To summarize and summarize, the problem-solving model for this type of problem is often to describe the image + the author’s emotions.

(2) Describe the picture type

Example 2, (2009 National Volume I) Read the following Song Dynasty poem, and then answer the questions.

Cishi Lake Shufan Rhyme ①

Jiang Kui ②

On the west side of the bridge, there is a stretch of water leading to the village, with traces of duckweed green on the bank of the pavilion.

I live in Shihu and there are no people there. There are many lotus flowers in the place, so don’t open the door.

[Note] ① Shihu; Southern Song Dynasty poet Fan Chengda (1126-1193) left his job and retired to Shihu (in today's Suzhou, Jiangsu) in his later years, and named himself Shihu layman.

② Jiang Kui (1155-1221?): named Yaozhang, also known as Baishi Taoist, a native of Poyang, Raozhou (now Boyang, Jiangxi). Wandering around the world, he will never be an official. In the summer of the fourteenth year of Chunxi (1187), I went to see Fan Chengda. This poem was written around this time.

What kind of picture does this poem paint? What scenery is it made of? Please describe briefly.

The test center examines the analysis of the image of poetry

Test question analysis This question is intended to test students' generalization ability. For scenery, when summarizing, we should grasp the image and analyze the characteristics of the artistic conception. Steps to answer the question: the first step is to describe the scene shown in the poem; the second step is to summarize the atmosphere and characteristics created by the scenery; the third step is to analyze the author's thoughts and feelings. Terms for the characteristics of artistic conception (atmosphere) include: lonely and desolate, quiet and graceful, majestic and magnificent, bleak and desolate, quiet and quiet, majestic and graceful, vibrant, magnificent, chilling and desolate, magnificent and majestic, illusory and misty, desolate and depressed, bustling and lively, etc. .

Reference answer

It depicts a quiet and elegant seclusion scenery surrounded by mountains and rivers, the village pavilion is hidden, the duckweed is green, and the lotus root is fragrant. They wrote about the leaping creek bridge, the winding water, the faint pavilion, the floating duckweed and the fragrant lotus root. The leisurely and elegant stone lake scenery is rendered from the visual and olfactory perspectives.

Summary

This poem (or couplet) describes (scenery, people, things, objects), creates a certain artistic conception, and expresses the poet's (emotions, ideals) ,inclination).

(3) Appreciating character types

Example 3. Read the following poem and answer the questions

Looking for Lu Hongjian but not meeting him

Jiaoran< /p>

Although I took Guo with me when I moved home, I entered the wild path into mulberry and hemp. The hedge chrysanthemums planted recently have not yet bloomed in autumn.

No dogs barked when I knocked on the door, so I wanted to ask the Xi family. Reports go to the mountains and come back every day.

Note: Daiguo means close to the outer city.

What kind of character is Lu Hongjian in the poem? From what two aspects does the author portray this character?

Test points examine the analysis of the image of the poem

Test question analysis

For the analysis of the character image, it is necessary to analyze and summarize the author's emotions based on the details. Problem-solving ideas: 1. Find out the relevant poems by poets describing characters, analyze the images, and identify the nature; 2. Summarize the characteristics of the image; 3. Analyze the meaning of the image based on the theme of the poem. Format: What details create what kind of character image. Common words that summarize the character include: bold and unrestrained, high-spirited, lonely and melancholy, brave and fierce, capable and decisive, elegant, ambitious, contented, unappreciated, quiet, peaceful, wandering, etc. Answering steps: 1. Clearly indicate what the image is; 2. Analyze the basic characteristics of the image in conjunction with the poem; 3. Summarize the meaning of the image (what emotions are expressed).

Reference answer

The Lu Hongjian in the poem is an image of a noble man who cares about the mountains and rivers and does not care about earthly things. The first four sentences express Lu Hongjian's noble character through the description of the scenery in a secluded and elegant place of seclusion. The last two sentences, through Xi Neighbor's narration of Lu Hongjian's whereabouts, highlight Lu Hongjian's carefreeness and ease. The author expresses his yearning and pursuit of a reclusive life through the creation of the image of Lu Hongjian.

Summary and summary

The image is created in the poem (analyzing the basic characteristics of the image in conjunction with the poem), and the emotion is expressed (summarizing the meaning of the image)

( 4) Understanding situational type

Example 4. Read the lyrics below and answer the questions. (6 points)

The Order of Gui Gui asked about Qinhuai

Kong Shangren

Asked Qinhuai In the old days, the windows of the dormitory were broken by the wind, the broken sills were exposed to the tide, and the eyes were broken and the soul was gone. . In those days, where was the shengxiao in the pink and white flowers? It was boring to put away the lanterns and boats during the Dragon Boat Festival, and to put away the wine flags. White birds are fluttering, green water is surging, some butterflies are flying around the tender yellow flowers, and no one is looking at the new red leaves.

What kind of scenery does "white birds flutter, green water surges, tender yellow flowers have some butterflies flying, and no one can see the new red leaves"? What feelings are expressed? Please give a brief analysis. (4 points)

Test points include analysis of the image of poetry

Analysis of test questions

The creation of ancient poetry pays attention to implicitness. A typical characteristic of implicitness is not expressing one's feelings directly, but using descriptions of scenery to express emotions. This is a focus of the college entrance examination. Situation analysis questions, the key to answering the questions is to grasp the characteristics of the scenery (sadness, joy), and then analyze the connotation of emotions. The answer is divided into three steps: the first step is to point out the characteristics of the scenery, the second step is to point out the relationship between the emotion and the scenery, and the third step is to reveal the connotation of the emotion.

Reference answers

The early autumn scenery is depicted through "white birds", "green water", "tender yellow flowers" and "new red leaves". It also expresses the loneliness and loneliness caused by the prosperity of the past and the decline of the present through "piaopiao", "taotao", "some butterflies flying" and "no one looks at".

Summary and summary

The poem describes (the characteristics of scenery and pictures, using two-syllable words or words representing seasons and seasons) (scenery and pictures). Through the description of the scene (combined with the original poem to specifically analyze the characteristics of the scenery), the author's (thoughts and feelings) are expressed (expressed)

2. Intensive training

Second lesson

Language for key breakthroughs

Test content:

1. Examine the meaning of words (mostly verbs and adjectives) in poems

2. Examination Confining words and sentences in poetry

3. Examining the language style of poetry

1. Guide to classic questions

(1) Confining character patterns

Example 5. (Sichuan Volume 2009) Read the following Song poem and answer the questions. (8 points)

On an autumn night, the dawn is about to go out of the fence to welcome the coolness (Part 2)

Lu You

Thirty thousand miles of river east enters the sea, five thousand feet The sky is high in the mountains.

The remaining people shed tears in the dust and looked south to the king's division for another year.

Please talk about the expressive effect of the word "Ru" and "Mo" in the first two sentences of this poem.

The test points examine the appreciation of the language of poetry

Test question analysis

The ancients paid attention to the refinement of characters when writing poems. This type of question requires the appreciation of these tempered characters. Wonderful thing. When answering the question, the word cannot be discussed in isolation. It must be placed in the sentence and analyzed in conjunction with the artistic conception and emotion of the whole poem. The idea of ????solving the problem is:

(1) Interpretation analysis: explain the contextual meaning of the word in the poem.

(2) Restore the scene: Combine the relevant content of the poem to restore the scene described by the word.

(3) Seize the key: pay attention to the novel uses of verbs and adjectives in content words, and also understand the special meanings of numerals, conjunctions, and adverbs in function words.

(4) Clarify the focus: Be sure to point out what artistic conception the word highlights, what emotion it expresses, or what role it plays in the structure of the entire article.

Answer steps: The first step is to point out the word or explain the meaning of the word in the sentence. The second step is a brief analysis: expand the association, put the word into the original sentence to describe the scene, or point out what kind of artistic conception the word highlights, or what emotion it expresses.

Reference answer

The character "Ru" shows the vitality of the river, and the character "Mo" highlights the highness of the mountain.

Summary and summary

The common answer pattern for word-refining questions is: the meaning of this word (or what technique is used) concretely and vividly writes the image (scenery) to set off the What artistic conception and emotion are expressed.

Example 6. (Shandong Volume 2009) Read the following Tang poem and answer the questions. (8 points)

Send far away

Du Mu

The water surface in Nanling is slow and leisurely, the wind is tight and the clouds are light and about to turn into autumn.

It is the lonely place where the guest’s heart is. Whose Hongxiu Pingjiang Tower is there?

What is the role of "youyou" in the first sentence in the poem? (3 points)

The test center examines appreciation of the language of poetry

Test question analysis

Function questions should organize answers from two aspects: content and structure. It is necessary to grasp the characteristics of the image and the author's thoughts and feelings. In terms of structure, it is necessary to grasp the position and function of keywords in the poem.

Reference answer

"Yoyou" describes the calmness of the water surface, the long flow of water, and also reveals the tranquility on the river. This scene not only shows that the boat traveler is in a calm and relaxed mood, but also reveals a hint of his loneliness as a traveler. It has made preparations for the third sentence of "the guest's heart is so lonely" and laid the foundation.

Summary and summary

The role of the word in highlighting the main idea and the role of the word in the structure of the poem are combined.

(2) Sentence Patterns

Example 7, Example (Jiangsu Volume) Read the following Tang poem, and then answer the questions.

Climb the Phoenix Terrace in Jinling

Li Bai

The Phoenix travels on the Phoenix Terrace, and the Phoenix River flows away from the platform.

The flowers and plants of Wu Palace are buried in the secluded path, and the clothes of Jin Dynasty become ancient hills.

Beyond the blue sky and half-fallen three mountains, there is Bailuzhou in a body of water.

The floating clouds can always cover the sun, and the absence of Chang'an makes people sad.

Note ① One water: also called "two water".

Summary the contents of the chin couplet and neck couplet of this poem respectively, and talk about the poet's emotion contained in them.

Test points examine appreciation of language in poetry

Analysis of test questions

"Lined sentences" are famous sentences and aphorisms carefully extracted by poets. They are the richest in poetry. Artistic charm, a sentence that expresses the theme or emotion very accurately, is highly typical, and can arouse the excitement of future generations. A poem may be about a scene, it may be lyrical, it may be about a person. Methods of writing about people include action description, language description, psychological description, appearance description and detailed description.

Poetry expresses its meaning by connecting specific objects and images. When we appreciate a sentence, we must connect the previous and next sentences and combine it with the whole poem. We must be good at summarizing the basic content from these objects, so as to better grasp the author's emotions.

When doing summary questions, you must refine it, find out the essential content and abstract it. You cannot copy it or simply translate it. There are two steps to answer the question: the first step is to find the typical images and characteristics of the generalized object, and the second step is to extract the unique characteristics of the images and summarize them. Different from the above questions, the summary requires a concise number of words. As the first step in the thinking process, do not write it out, just pay attention to it when thinking. The couplet "Flowers and plants of Wu Palace are buried in the secluded paths, and the clothes of Jin Dynasty are transformed into ancient hills", grasping the key words "Wu Palace, Jin Dynasty", it can be seen that it is written about the situation when Nanjing was the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties. The neck couplet "Three mountains are half covered with blue sky, and one body of water is divided into Bailuzhou". Grasping the key words "mountains, blue sky, water, Bailuzhou", it can be seen that it is written about the natural scenery of Nanjing. The first sentence refers to the past, and the latter sentence refers to the present. The purpose is obvious. The contrast between ancient and modern times expresses the author's feeling of the rise and fall of ancient and modern times.

Reference answer: The chin couplet describes the historical relics of the ancient capitals of the Six Dynasties, and the neck couplet describes the beautiful natural scenery of Jinling; it embodies the vicissitudes of human affairs, the eternity of nature, and the rise and fall of the Six Dynasties. (Answer to this question: This poem couplet (describes the declining scene of "the flowers and plants of the Wu Palace, the clothes of the Jin Dynasty", (the first step)) summarizes the historical facts of the past and present decline of the ancient capitals of the Six Dynasties (Jinling, Nanjing). (the second step) Step) The neck couplet (grasps the keywords "mountain, blue sky, water, Bailuzhou", which represent the natural scenery of Nanjing, (the first step)) depicts the beautiful natural scenery of Jinling. The former sentence refers to the past, and the latter sentence refers to the present. The purpose is obvious, comparing ancient and modern times, expressing the author's emotions about the vicissitudes of life, the eternity of nature, and the rise and fall of the Six Dynasties. Note that there are many answers to this question and cannot be omitted)

Summary and summary

① Clarification. Sometimes it is necessary to explore the deeper meaning of a word; ② Analyze the expressive role of poems in describing scenes, expressing emotions, or writing about people. ③ Sometimes you can also briefly explain the artistic effect.

Warm reminder: Appreciating ancient poetry is inseparable from the consideration of words and sentences, and the analysis of poetic eyes. To answer this type of question, you must first analyze the meaning of the words and sentences in the poem, then analyze its expression techniques, and finally analyze its role in expressing expressions.

(3) Appreciate the style type

Example 8. (Chongqing Volume) Read the following Song Dynasty poem and then answer the questions.

Businessman? Send Bao Haoran to Eastern Zhejiang

Wang Guan

The water is like the waves in the eye, and the mountains are like the gathering of eyebrows and peaks. I would like to ask pedestrians where to go? The brows and eyes are full of beauty.

I just started to send spring back, and then I sent you back. If you go to the south of the Yangtze River to catch spring, you will live with it.

Wang Zhuo of the Song Dynasty commented on Wang Guan's Ci in "Biji Manzhi" as "both the new beauty and the frivolousness are astonishing". What are the main features of this poem "Xinli"? Please provide a brief analysis. (4 points)

The test center examines appreciation of the language of poetry

Test question analysis

This type of question does not require trying to figure out the clever use of individual words; To appreciate the language style expressed throughout the poem. This type of question requires students to be able to understand people and discuss things, because different authors have different language styles. For example, Li Bai is vigorous and elegant, while Du Fu is melancholy and frustrated. But sometimes even if we are not familiar with the author, we can read the language style from the poems, some are clear and bright, some are full of folk songs, etc.

Answer mode: ① Use one or two words or one or two sentences to accurately point out the language characteristics (fresh and natural, simple and unpretentious, melancholy, gorgeous, clear and clear, mostly spoken, euphemistic and implicit, vigorous Bold and unrestrained, graceful in style, concise and vivid...); ② Analyze this feature in detail based on the relevant sentences in the poem; ③ Explain how the poet's feelings are expressed by the words in the poem.

The reference answers are rhetorically clever and the language is beautiful, such as "water is the waves in the eyes, and mountains are the gathering of eyebrows and peaks." "Send the spring back" and "live with the spring." The imagination is unique and the meaning is vivid. For example, "Where the brows are full" and "If you go to the south of the Yangtze River to catch the spring, you will live with the spring."

Summary and summary

The language feature of this poem is that the sentences in the poem reflect This characteristic expresses thoughts and feelings.

Example 9, (Beijing Volume) Read the following poem and answer the following questions

The work of "Rewarding the King and the Virgin's Love for Nine Days"

Gu Yanwu

The sun is frightening and the autumn is coming, and we are looking at each other. Li Huai eliminates the turbid wine, and worries about seeing yellow flowers.

The liver and gallbladder are stored in heaven and earth, and the beauty on the temples is reflected in the country. There is so much news from thousands of miles away that the guest has no home.

Note: Gu Yanwu, a famous scholar and poet during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the late Ming Dynasty, he devoted himself to the struggle against eunuchs and powerful people. Qing soldiers went south to participate in the people's uprising against the Qing Dynasty. After entering the Qing Dynasty, he refused to be called up by the Qing court many times and went into exile in the north, inspecting the mountain and river situation and hoping to recover.

It is generally believed that Gu Yanwu's poetic style is close to that of Du Fu. Please point out the stylistic characteristics of Gu Yanwu's poem and make a brief analysis. (4 points)

Reference answers (1) Style characteristics: melancholy or deep and dignified. (2) Brief analysis: This poem closely combines deep patriotic feelings with his own life experiences and the specific situation in front of him, and melts them into concise and pure verses, forming a melancholy and dignified style.

Summary of the poetry appreciation answering mode

The first mode analyzes image and artistic conception. Questioning method: What kind of artistic conception does this poem create? Question variation: What picture does this poem paint? What thoughts and feelings does the poet express? Answer analysis: This is the most common question type. The so-called artistic conception refers to the imaginative state created by the combination of objects (i.e. images) that entrust the poet's emotions. It includes three aspects: scenery, emotion and environment. Three aspects are indispensable when answering questions. Answering steps: ①Describe the picture shown in the poem. And accurately summarize the candidates should grasp the main scenery in the poem and reproduce the picture in their own words. When describing, you must first be faithful to the original poem, and second, use your own associations and imagination to recreate it. The language must be beautiful. ② Summarize the atmosphere characteristics created by the scenery. Generally, two two-syllable words can be used, such as lonely and deserted, quiet and beautiful, majestic and majestic, bleak and desolate, etc. Pay attention to accurately reflecting the characteristics and mood of the scenery. ③Analyze the author’s thoughts and feelings. Don't be vague, be specific in your answers. For example, just answering "expressing the author's sentimental feelings" is not enough. Answer why it is "sentimental". Answer example: Two quatrains (Part 1) Du Fu Chi Rijiang and mountains are beautiful, and the spring breeze is fragrant with flowers and grass. The mud melts and swallows fly, and the sand is warm and mandarin ducks sleep. Note: This poem was written when the poet temporarily settled in a thatched cottage in Chengdu after the wandering life of "one year old and four lines of labor". What kind of scenery does this poem describe? What feelings does the poet express? Please give a brief analysis. Answer: This poem describes a beautiful early spring scene: the sun shines in the spring, the fields are green, the river reflects the sun, the spring breeze brings the fragrance of flowers and plants, the mud melts and the soil is moist, the swallows are busy building nests in the mud, the sun is bright and the sand is warm, mandarin ducks are dancing Sleep quietly on the sandbar (step 1). This is a clear and gorgeous spring scene picture (step 2). It expresses the poet's joyful and leisurely state of mind after ending his wandering life and settling down (step three). The second mode is the analytical skills type. Questioning method: What expression techniques are used in this poem? Question variation: Please analyze the expression technique (or artistic technique, or technique) of this poem. How does the poet express his emotions? What is the effect? Answering steps: (1) Accurately indicate what technique was used. (2) Explain why this technique is used based on the poem. (3) How effectively does this technique convey the poet's feelings? Sample answer: Early trip Chen Yuyi The dew invades the camel, the dawn is light and cold, and the stars are particularly bright. Lonely bridges and dreams, grass and insects chirping deep in the rice fields. What are the main expression techniques used in this poem? What is the effect? Answer: Mainly using contrast technique (step 1). Before daybreak, the stars are criss-crossed and extremely bright, contrasting with the darkness of the night; the "humming of grass and insects" contrasts with the silence of the environment (step 2). Both contrasts highlight the poet's early travel and the loneliness in his heart caused by wandering (step three). The third mode analyzes language features. Questioning method: What are the language features of this poem? Question variation: Please analyze the language style of this poem. Let’s talk about the language art of this poem. Answering steps: (1) Use one or two words to accurately point out the language features. (2) Use relevant sentences in the poem to analyze this feature in detail. (3) Point out what kind of emotions the author expresses. Examples of answers: Spring Resentment When you beat up the oriole, don’t teach it to sing on the branches. When I cry, I startle my concubine in my dream, and I cannot get to western Liaoning. Please analyze the language features of this poem. Answer: The language of this poem is characterized by freshness, naturalness, and colloquialism (step 1). "Huang Ying'er" is the pronunciation of "er", which shows the innocence and naivety of the woman. "When it cries, it frightens the concubine in her dream, but she cannot go to Liaoxi" uses simple language to indicate that the reason for beating the oriole is because it disturbs her sweet dream of missing her husband (step 2). This very naturally expresses the woman's longing for her husband (step three). The fourth mode: word-refining type. Questioning method: What is the most vivid and expressive word in this couplet? Why? Question variation: A certain word has always been praised by people. What do you think is good about it? Answer analysis: The ancients paid attention to the refinement of characters when writing poems. This question type requires you to appreciate the beauty of these tempered characters. When answering the question, the word cannot be discussed in isolation. It must be placed in the sentence and analyzed in conjunction with the artistic conception and emotion of the whole poem. Answer steps: (1) Explain the meaning of the word in the sentence. (2) Expand the association and put the word into the original sentence to describe the scene. (3) Point out what kind of artistic conception the word highlights or what kind of emotion it expresses. Answer example: Farewell to Nanpu Bai Juyi Farewell to Nanpu is desolate, the west wind curls up in autumn. I feel heartbroken when I see it, so go and don’t look back. The predecessors believed that the word "kan" may seem ordinary, but in fact it is very expressive. It can truly reveal the image of the lyrical protagonist. Do you agree with this statement? Why? Answer: Agree. Look, in the poem, means looking back (step 1). Li Ren left alone, but he kept looking back. Every time he looked back, he felt heartbroken. This word makes us seem to see the image of the lyrical protagonist with tears in his eyes, wanting to see but not daring to see (step 2). Just the word "look" vividly expresses the sadness of parting (step three). The fifth mode: One word leads to the whole poem. Questioning method: A certain word is the key to the whole poem. Why? Answer analysis: Ancient poetry pays great attention to conception. Often one word or word can constitute the clue of the whole poem, the emotional tone of the whole poem, and the thought of the whole poem. Grasping this word and proposition can often reveal the big picture from the small, and test the candidates' understanding of the whole poem. degree of certainty. Answering steps: (1) The role of this word in highlighting the main idea. (2) Consider the role of the word in the structure of the poem. Sample answer: Hearing the flute in Luocheng on a spring night Li Bai Whose jade flute flew darkly, spreading into the spring breeze and filling Luocheng.

In this nocturne, when I hear the willow tree breaking, who can't help but feel the love of my hometown? The word "break willow" is the key to the whole poem. What does "break willow" mean? Do you agree with the "key" statement and why? Answer: The meaning of "breaking willow" is "to say goodbye and cherish the distance", and the main theme of the poem is homesickness (step 1). This homesickness is caused by hearing the flute playing the song "Breaking Willow" (Step 2). It can be seen that "breaking willow" is the key to the whole poem. The sixth mode: Emotional and theme type

Questioning method: What thoughts and feelings are expressed? What is the theme of this poem? Question variation: What social reality does this poem reflect? What kind of sentiment does this poem express? Or ask questions based on the artistic conception, or ask questions about a certain sentence or couplet. Answering steps: (1) What content is written in each sentence (or related sentences) of the poem (2) What expression techniques are used (3) What emotions are expressed. Answer example: Read the following Song Dynasty poem, and then answer the questions. (8 points) (National Volume 2, 2006) Nan Kezi Wang Yan The dark mountains are gone, and the weather is cold and rainy. Several branches are moist and crying red. Don't cherish the flowers and face the east wind with melancholy. The coir rain hats are stretched out toward each other, and ditches and valleys are open everywhere. The hardships in the world are caused by rural areas and farmers①. A plow of water is enough to hope for a prosperous year. [Note] ①Three rural areas: refers to spring plowing, summer plowing, and autumn harvest. (2) Try to analyze the content of Xiaque and the thoughts and feelings expressed by the author in the words. Answer: It describes the hard-working life of farmers who do not take shelter from wind and rain, and expresses the exclamation that "hardship in the world is the work of rural areas and farmers". (Step 1) (Step 2 is skipped because there are no special expression skills). It expresses the farmers' hope for good weather. , the mood of a bumper harvest. (Step 3) Another example: Read the following Tang poem and then answer the questions. (8 points) (National Volume 2 in 2005) Homesickness on the Night of Winter Solstice in Handan by Bai Juyi During the winter solstice in Handan Posthouse, the shadows in front of the lanterns hugging one’s knees accompany me. I think that when I sit at home late at night, I should talk about people traveling far away. [Note] Winter Solstice: One of the twenty-four solar terms, it was an important festival in the Tang Dynasty. (2) How does the author write about "homesickness"? Answer: Late at night during the winter solstice, the family members were still sitting around in front of the lamp, talking about themselves as a person who has traveled far away. (Step 1) The author mainly expresses "homesickness" through this imaginary picture (Step 2). (The question in step three has already explained the emotion) (1 point for imagination, 2 points for picture description)

The seventh mode evaluation question type question method: The evaluation question is to first list one or several poems and then quote them A comment made by an ancient poetry critic or later generations on the characteristics of poetry requires you to first judge whether the comment is correct and reasonable, and then explain the reasons. This type of question is very similar to the idea of ??answering questions on political history: (1) Review the questions carefully (2) Read and understand the poems in depth

(3) Combine the content of the poems with comments and answer the questions. Note: closely follow the content of the poems and combine points and aspects. Local analysis; when explaining the reasons, stick to the key words of the comment

Answer examples: Du Mu in Chibi broke his halberd and sunk in the sand, but the iron was not sold, and he will be recognized by his former dynasty. Dongfeng doesn't want to be with Zhou Lang, and Tongquechun locks Erqiao deeply. Someone once quoted "Seeing the world in a grain of sand, speaking of human feelings in half a flower" to summarize the artistic characteristics of this poem. Do you agree with this view? Please give a brief explanation. Analysis: This is a typical poem evaluation question. The original meaning of the poem is very clear, but the questioner borrowed a line from a Western poem to summarize its artistic features and had to think a little differently when answering. The so-called "seeing the world in a grain of sand, and human feelings in half a flower" is a way of saying that you can see the big from the small and see the leopard through the tube. This article uses the unearthed cultural relics-Zheji and the second daughter of Wu Kingdom-Er Qiao to show the political changes during the Three Kingdoms period. Answer reference: This is an epic poem that expresses feelings about the rise and fall of the country. It can be said to have a big content and a big theme, but the poet expresses it through "small things" and "little things". The poem is "broken" by a small cultural relic. It reminds of the turbulent era of the Han Dynasty and the heroes in the Battle of Chibi. It can be said that "seeing the world in a grain of sand". The last two sentences connect the small matter of "Er Qiao" not being caught with the big theme of Soochow's hegemony and the three kingdoms. They are written in a concrete, touching, emotional and charming way, which can be said to be "a half-petaled flower talking about human feelings". The eighth mode: Comparative evaluation question type: Questioning method: Give two or several poems and ask students to analyze and evaluate their similarities and differences after comparing and reading them. Ideas for answering questions: (1) Read through these poems and grasp their ideological content and main writing methods, including background knowledge of the author's works. (2) It is necessary to combine the comparative perspectives (ideological content, emotions, artistic techniques, writing methods, rhetorical methods, etc.) in the question stem to find the differences in the poems. (3) Pay attention to the combination of points and aspects, including both overall analysis and specific analysis. When expressing, pay attention to being clear and organized. Sample answer: 16. Read the following two ancient poems and then answer the questions. (6 points) (Zhejiang Volume 2005) Qi'an County Middle School Du Mu Two poles on the Sunset River Bridge, half a wisp of light smoke in the willow shadow. How many green lotuses rely on each other and hate each other, looking back to the west wind for a while. On the lotus pond in the heat of the evening, Yang Wanli shook his head with thin grass and suddenly reported to the peasants, and the west wind was blocked by his draped lapel. The lotus flowers are still sad and hot at dusk, and their lower surfaces are hidden deep in the green umbrellas. (2) What expression techniques are used in these two poems to portray the image of "Lotus"? Please point out the different emotional characteristics expressed by "Lotus" in the two poems, and make a brief analysis. (4 points) Analysis: There are two questions in the question. The first question is about the most common points in expression techniques. It does not require analysis, so just write down the expression techniques. Of course, it is also correct if it is explained in detail.

The second question requires an analysis of the differences in the emotions expressed in the two poems about things. Therefore, when answering the question, you must answer both aspects of the content according to the emotional theme model. Answer: The first question: Both use anthropomorphic expression techniques. Second question: The "green lotus" in the previous poem has "hate" and "back to the west wind". (Step 1) It contains the poet's hatred, showing sadness and injustice, and the tone is sad and low. (Step 2) The "Lotus" in the latter poem is blown by the west wind and hides among the lotus leaves. It seems to be "sad and hot", but it shows a shy attitude. (Step 1) Reveals the author's love and joy, and the tone is Lively and interesting. (Step 2)

Special reminder: No matter what kind of question you answer, you should try to cover three aspects: poetry-related content, expression skills, and the theme of the poem. For example, in the example of the fifth mode, the answer already contains both content and theme. If you add "'Zheliu' uses pun rhetoric, it refers to both the song "Zheliu" heard and the real-life events associated with it. "The life scene of the willows sending each other off", then it is foolproof.

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