6-6.5, which can give full play to soil nutrition and effectively promote the flowering and fruiting of evergreen. Change the pot regularly once a year. When changing pots, remove rotten leaves and roots, and use acidic soil with potassium fertilizer as cultivation soil. After planting, evergreen trees should be kept in the shade for a few days to restore vitality. Cultivation methods of Evergreen: keeping warm, moist and semi-cloudy. It grows vigorously in summer, so it needs to be placed in a cool place to avoid strong light, otherwise it will easily cause dry and sharp leaves and affect the ornamental effect. Therefore, after leaving the room in early spring, it should be placed in a cool shed or under the eaves or in the shade of the balcony. ? Evergreen is a succulent root system plant, which is easy to get waterlogged due to water accumulation and root rot due to excessive watering. However, it is necessary to keep the air moist, such as dry air, which is also prone to undesirable phenomena such as dry blades and tips. Sprinkle water on the ground around the flowerpot every morning and evening in summer to create a humid microclimate. Also pay attention to prevent heavy rain, especially during flowering, and put it in a dry and ventilated place, so as not to rain. In the growing period, the decomposed liquid fertilizer is applied once every 20 days or so; It grows vigorously in early summer, and can be topdressing once every 10 day?
A small amount of 0.5% ammonium sulfate can be added to liquid fertilizer and topdressing, which can promote its growth and make its leaves dark green and bright. In June-July, when flowering is vigorous, 0.2% dihydrogen phosphate solution should be applied every 65,438+05 days to promote flower bud differentiation, which is conducive to better flowering and fruiting (several old leaves should be cut off before and after long summer to facilitate the germination of new buds, new leaves and flower buds). In winter, evergreen should be moved indoors for wintering, and placed in a sunny and well-ventilated place, and the temperature should be kept at 6-65438 08℃. If the room temperature is too high, it is easy to cause the leaves to grow white, consume a lot of nutrients, make the growth weak in the second year, and affect the normal flowering and fruiting. In winter, if the evergreen leaves turn yellow or even the whole plant withers, it is mainly because the roots can't absorb water, which affects the growth. Therefore, in winter, the air should be kept moist, and the basin soil should be slightly moist. Generally, it is advisable to water it 1-2 times a week. In addition, it is necessary to spray and wash the leaves with warm water once a week to prevent the leaves from being polluted by smoke and dust, so that the stems and leaves remain light green all the year round. Cultivation points The planting environment should be kept warm, moist and semi-cloudy. In summer, it is best to put it indoors about 80 cm away from the south window sill or in a cool place outdoors to avoid direct sunlight, otherwise the leaves will burn easily. Besides adequate watering, you should go to the flowerpot every morning and evening. Sprinkle water on the surrounding ground to promote a humid microclimate. Pay attention to water control. After entering the room in winter, the room temperature should not be lower than 12℃. If the room temperature is too low, it is easy to cause plant death and defoliation. Cultivation precautions L. Planting in spring or turning over pots to change soil. Not strict with the soil, but afraid of water accumulation, avoid hard clay and alkaline earth when planting or potted. Potted plants are generally planted in the mixed soil of Gaza, which can be cultivated in pot or open field in the south and in greenhouse in the north. Change the soil once a year 1 time, and change the pots l times every two years to replenish new fertile soil. 2. Light and temperature are always green. I like semi-cloudy environment, and I am afraid of direct sunlight in summer. Greenhouse cultivation can shade more than 60% in spring, summer and autumn and 40% in winter. Too strong light is easy to be burned by the sun, and too weak light is not easy to blossom and bear fruit. Suitable growth temperature l5? -? 18℃. Sleep in a greenhouse in winter and put it in a sunny place. The temperature should be above 10℃, and the minimum temperature should not be lower than 5℃. The Yangtze River basin can be wintered in the open air. Although the leaves are frozen, new leaves can germinate again in the next year. 3. In the growing season of watering and fertilization, topdressing liquid fertilizer 10- 15 days. In summer, we should strengthen ventilation, prevent heatstroke and cool down, and provide enough water to keep the basin soil moist and the air humidity of the surrounding environment at all times. Water 1-2 times a day in summer. Reduce watering and stop fertilizing in winter. 4. Shaping and pruning In order to maintain the good shape of plants and improve their ornamental value, with the growth of plants, the yellow leaves, residual leaves and some old leaves at the lower part of plants should be trimmed in time. You can wipe the leaves with a soft cloth dipped in beer when raising in a family pot, which can not only remove dust, but also supplement nutrients to the leaves and make them light green and clean. ? Evergreen leaves have many irregular white or yellowish spots, which are brightly colored and green all year round. Water: I like humidity. Water more in summer, but avoid water accumulation and often spray water on leaves. Reduce watering in winter. Don't get wet during flowering. ? Fertilizer: The requirements for fertilizer are not high. When changing pots, apply base fertilizer, generally without fertilization. ? Soil: Strong adaptability, but loose, breathable and slightly acidic loam is the most suitable. ? Temperature: it is necessary to overwinter indoors in winter in the northern region, but it is enough to overwinter in the open field in the south of the Yangtze River, and there will be no freezing injury above 5℃. ? Light: I like semi-shade, and avoid exposure. The room should be placed in a ventilated place and given indirect light. ? Reproduction: Reproduction by dividing plants. In early spring, germinated seedlings are divided into plants and planted with roots, which are easy to survive. Sowing can also be done, but it is generally not needed. Dividing plants can be combined with changing pots. Generally, change the pots 1 time a year, and divide the clustered plants into several clumps for re-cultivation. Plant every three years 1 time. Purple-backed evergreen, also known as purple brocade, is an evergreen perennial herb of Commelinaceae, with broad lanceolate leaves and annular leaves, which are planted on short stems. Leaves smooth and dark green, leaves deep purple. The flowers are axillary, and the white flowers are covered with two purple bracts like mussels, and the filaments have long white hairs. It is a common indoor foliage plant. This plant is native to Mexico and the West Indies and likes warm and humid climate. It is suitable to grow in the environment of temperature 15-25℃. It likes light, is resistant to shade and is afraid of the scorching sun. It needs fertile and water-retaining soil. Purple back evergreen basin soil should be mixed with 2 parts pond mud and 1 part peat. Because of its strong adaptability and extensive management, it should be shaded or placed in a semi-shady place from May to June, and others should be given sufficient light. Water should be wet and not dry, but it should not be too wet or stagnant, otherwise the roots will rot after a long time; When the weather is dry, water should be sprayed frequently to keep the growth environment with high air humidity, and too much fertilizer should not be applied. It is enough to apply cake fertilizer 1-2 times. In winter, it should be placed indoors in a humid place, and the temperature should be kept at about 6- 10℃, as long as the soil is slightly wet, not too wet. Evergreen purple flowers are propagated by ramets, cuttings and sowing. The division of plants is usually carried out when the pots are turned over in spring. The practice is to separate the dense mother plants from the gaps with a sharp knife. Cutting can be carried out in the growing season, cutting off 7- 10 cm from the top of the stem, removing the lower leaves, planting in the sand, keeping moisture, and taking root in about 2 weeks. Pot sowing is commonly used in April, and it grows rapidly after emergence. When the seedlings grow to an inch, they should be transplanted in time, and they will grow into plump plants in the autumn of that year. Maintenance of zebra leaves Evergreen is native to Colombia and likes warm and humid climate. The optimum growth temperature is 25℃~ 30℃, and the indoor temperature should be maintained at about 65438 05℃ in winter, and the lowest is 65438 00℃. Potted soil can be mixed with 7 parts humus and 3 parts loam, 1 part Gaza. Zebra leaves are evergreen, prefer semi-shady environment, avoid direct sunlight and can be cultivated indoors all year round. Waterproof and moisture-proof, you can put a water tray at the bottom of the basin, and the water will be discharged from the tray, so that the water can continuously penetrate into the basin soil from the small holes at the bottom of the basin. Water should be controlled in winter, and the lower the temperature, the more attention should be paid to watering less. Some leaves may turn yellow and fall off in winter, but they can grow again in the next spring as long as they are not frozen. If you put it indoors for the winter, it will grow weakly and grow white easily. You can put it in the outdoor semi-shade for a period of time during the growing season, and then move back indoors after the vitality is restored. Fertilization can be carried out in the growing season, depending on the growth situation, once a month 1-2 times, and more decomposed liquid fertilizer or compound fertilizer can be applied to promote the leaf color to turn green, but nitrogen fertilizer should not be applied more. ? Its "flower" is a typical spatula spicule of Araceae. There are few or no seeds, so it is difficult to reproduce with them. Propagation is basically asexual, and the main methods are tissue culture and cutting. Tissue culture has high success rate and low cost, but it needs certain equipment and conditions. The cutting method is to cut the old stems into small pieces of 10 ~ 15cm in spring, and insert them obliquely in the sand to keep them moist. When they take root and grow leaves, they can be transplanted into a pot, or they can be cut into one or two knots, about five or six centimeters long, dried for a few days, and planted directly in the pot after the incision is dry and kept moist, so that they can take root and grow leaves soon. You can also cut the stems with leaves and insert them in transparent glass water bottles, and fix them with white rice stones for architectural decoration. About half a month, you can see that they have grown white fibrous roots, not only leaves, but also roots. Because its juice is poisonous, care should be taken not to touch the skin, mouth and eyes during operation. There are more than 30 species of zebra with evergreen leaves, which also have certain ornamental value, but this species is the largest, with thick and hard leaves, elegant and beautiful stripes and luster, tall plants and stout stems, which is an ideal indoor ornamental. Other cultivation points are: warm, moist and semi-cloudy. In summer, it is best to put potted plants indoors about 80 cm away from the south-facing windowsill, or in a cool place outdoors to avoid direct sunlight, otherwise the leaves will burn easily. In addition to adequate watering, water should be sprinkled on the ground around the flowerpot every morning and evening to create a humid microclimate. It is not advisable to water too much during the growing period, and the suitable period for watering is when the surface of the basin soil is white. Apply liquid fertilizer once every half month. After entering the room in winter in the north, the room temperature should not be lower than 12℃. If the temperature is too low, it will easily lead to the death of cold leaves. Spray warm water on the leaves once a week in winter to prevent the leaves from being polluted by smoke and dust, and keep the stems and leaves fresh and beautiful. To manage potted evergreen plants, sandy loam rich in humus should be used as culture soil. The PH value of soil is between 6 and 6.5, which is beneficial to give full play to the availability of nutrients and is suitable for plants to blossom and bear fruit. Change pots once a year from March to April or 10- 1 1. When changing pots, the aged rhizomes and persistent dead leaves should be removed and planted with fertilized acid cultivation soil. Leave it in the shade for a few days after serving. The cultivation points of evergreen are: warm, moist and semi-cloudy. It grows vigorously in summer, so it needs to be placed in a cool place to avoid strong light, otherwise it will easily cause dry and sharp leaves and affect the ornamental effect. Evergreen is a fleshy root system, which is most afraid of waterlogging. So you can't water more, otherwise it will easily cause rotten roots. Pot soil can be watered with appropriate amount of water at ordinary times. Dry soil is better than wet soil. In addition to keeping the soil moist in summer, watering should not be too frequent in spring and autumn. Sprinkle water on the ground around the flowerpot every morning and evening in summer to create a humid microclimate. Attention should also be paid to prevent heavy rain from pouring down. In the growing period, the decomposed liquid fertilizer is applied once every 20 days or so; It grows vigorously in early summer, and liquid fertilizer can be applied once every 10 day, and a small amount of 0.5% ammonium sulfate can be added when topdressing, which can promote its growth and make its leaves dark green and bright. When flowers are in full bloom from June to July, 0.2% dihydrogen phosphate solution should be applied every 15 days to promote flower bud differentiation and facilitate better flowering and fruiting. Don't get wet in the rain during flowering, and put it in a dry, cool and ventilated place. In winter, evergreen should be moved indoors for wintering, and placed in a sunny and well-ventilated place, and the temperature should be kept at 6- 18 degrees to prevent plants from consuming too much nutrients due to too high room temperature. Evergreen fruit measures Evergreen fruit is often not easy to form. How can we make it blossom and bear fruit? ① The watering frequency should not be too much, and the soil in the basin should not be watered. Would rather be dry than too wet. ② Don't get wet in the rain when flowering, and keep it in a cool and ventilated place. ③ Don't apply too much fertilizer, just apply winter fertilizer once a year. ④ There should be an environment where snails transport pollen. If you can achieve the above four points, you can generally expect the effect. It blooms in May-June and matures in September-65438+10. Under normal circumstances, fruits will not fall in winter. Evergreen leaves, like warm, humid and semi-cloudy environment, avoid direct sunlight in summer. The key to raising evergreen is to avoid direct glare when the weather is hot and the sun is strong in summer. Otherwise, the leaves will be dry, sharp, brown or even yellow, which will affect the ornamental effect. Therefore, after leaving the room in early spring, it should be placed in a cool shed or under the eaves or in the shade of the balcony to prevent rain. In addition to keeping the basin moist in summer, water should not be too frequent in spring and autumn, and water should be controlled in winter. Evergreen is a fleshy root, most afraid of stagnant water. If you water it too much, it is easy to rot the roots. However, it is necessary to keep the air moist, such as dry air, which is also prone to undesirable phenomena such as dry blades and tips. In spring and autumn, applying fertilizer and water to the decomposed cakes every 3-4 weeks can make the plants grow strong and the leaves green. In addition, before and after the long summer, several old leaves should be cut from the periphery of adult plants to facilitate the germination of new buds, new leaves and budding. Suffering? It is cold in winter, and the temperature is below 5℃, so evergreen mosaic is extremely vulnerable to cold damage, which will lead to death if it is not managed in time. So, how to take corresponding measures after frostbite? ? Mild chilling injury: the leaves lose their due luster and droop like water loss. At this time, the evergreen leaves should be moved to a higher temperature place to gradually return to normal. Be careful that the temperature does not rise sharply after the injury, so as to avoid the leaves wilting. ? Mild chilling injury: In addition to drooping leaves, there will be scalded cold spots like boiling water. When processing, cut off the cold spots on the leaves and move the flowers to warm places. ? Moderate chilling injury: most leaves appear cold spots, and petioles appear waterlogged spots and turn green. At this time, you should cut off the leaves by hand, smear the wound with plant ash or coal ash, and then put it in a warm place, properly control the moisture, so that it can slowly return to normal. ? Severe freezing injury: the shoots and leaves lose their green color, showing waterlogged patches, and the underground roots are cold and rotten. The remedy is to dig up the plant in time, cut off the underground part, cut off the injured branches and leaves, smear the wound with plant ash, store it in the wet plain sand, and carry out cutting after spring. If severe cold damage occurs and the whole plant becomes ill, there is little hope of saving it, so it is necessary to consider continuing flowers. Edit this paragraph to prevent the growth of Evergreen, which is susceptible to leaf spot, anthracnose, scale insects, brown spot and so on. (1) leaf spot. The disease occurs on evergreen leaves and is prone to occur in wet weather. At first, the lesion was a small brown spot, surrounded by water, light green, wheel-shaped, round to oval, with brown and gray edges. In the late stage, dark brown mildew spots appeared in the center of the lesion, which turned into dark brown mildew spots under wet conditions. The way to prevent and cure the disease is to remove the diseased leaves in time; 0.5%- 1% bordeaux solution (or 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution) can be sprayed at the early or late stage of onset. (2) anthrax. The disease also occurs on evergreen leaves and can spread to petioles in severe cases. At the initial stage of the lesion, it is a water-soaked macula, and after expansion, it is oval to irregular brown or yellowish brown with a slight wheel pattern. In the later stage, the lesion becomes dry and produces small black spots arranged in a wheel shape. This disease is mainly due to poor ventilation, and the presence of scale insects is conducive to the occurrence of the disease. The prevention and treatment of the disease is to strengthen maintenance and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; At the initial stage of the disease, 0.3%-0.5% Bordeaux solution (or 60% zineb 800-900 times solution, or 70% Tobezin 1500 times solution) can be sprayed. (3) Brown soft scales. This insect has a complex diet and can harm many kinds of plants, among which Evergreen is one of the damaged flowers. When brown spot disease harms plants, it usually gathers on leaves or tender leaves, sucks the juice of plants and secretes mucus at the same time. Its excrement is easy to cause a large number of coal-contaminated bacteria to multiply, make the stems and leaves black, affect the photosynthesis of plants, cause weak growth and yellow leaves, which is not good for viewing. In severe cases, the branches and stems are covered with insects, which causes the plants to turn yellow and affects their growth. Prevention and control methods: ① If there are few damaged plants or pests, generally use bamboo chips and other things to scrape off pests; ② During the incubation period, 40% dimethoate EC 1000 times (or 40% omethoate EC 1000 times) or 5% omethoate EC 1000 times can be sprayed to kill nymphs. Distributed in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. ? At the initial stage of symptomatic leaf disease, waterlogging spots appeared on the back of leaves. After 2-3 days, the spots subsided slightly, which were pinhead-sized brown spots, round or irregular, and then gradually expanded into dark brown or reddish brown round or irregular spots, with a diameter of 1.5 ~ 3.0 mm, and there were slight wheel marks and faded areas around the edges. Many spots can appear on a leaf, especially on the lower part of the leaf. The lesions expanded and gradually joined together, and the veins and petioles turned brown, resulting in the death of most leaves. The symptoms of stems are called black rot, and the vascular bundles of diseased stems and branches are brown-black. At this time, the leaves on the stem withered and polygonal necrosis symptoms appeared, and then bacteria infected the pith and cortex. There are still a few leaves at the top of the instrument branches, and the stems are black, shriveled and rotten. When the cuttings were damaged, they could not take root, slowly rotted from the base upwards, and the leaves withered and became polygonal necrosis. The pathogen is bacteria, which is a pathogenic variety of Xanthomonas campestris L. Geranium belonging to eubacteria, eubacteria and Xanthomonas. Xanthomonas campestris. Pelargoni), the top is round, rod-shaped, and the end of single flagella. The optimum temperature for growth and development is 25-27℃, the lowest is 1℃, and the lethal temperature is 5 1-5 1.5℃. Pathogens can spread through cutting, contact and splashing water droplets, and seeds may spread with bacteria; Bacteria can survive for 3 months in wet soil; It is easy to get seriously ill when the greenhouse grows too close, the old leaves under the plants are seriously ill, and it is seriously ill when it is warm and humid. High nitrogen, high phosphorus and low calcium are beneficial to the disease, and high potassium, low phosphorus and high calcium and symptoms are suppressed. There are differences in disease resistance among different species and varieties of geranium. Pelargonium grandiflorum is highly resistant, Pelargonium fragrans is moderately resistant, and Pelargonium peltatum is highly susceptible. Some plants of Cephalotaxus are asymptomatic carriers. ? Control method (1) Horticultural control: plants should be ventilated and transparent to avoid excessive humidity; Don't spray water directly on plants, so as not to spread diseases by splashing water droplets; Do not choose cuttings of diseased plants, and remove all diseased leaves and branches to avoid soil pollution of leaves and bacteria. Ill soil should be treated centrally, and soil and flowerpots should be disinfected when necessary. Bacteria can survive in the soil of the breeding bed, so it is necessary to avoid splashing sick soil on healthy plants. Spray 10- 15 days with 1% bordeaux mixture 1 time for prevention. (2) Chemical control: spraying agricultural streptomycin 1000 unit, or using 14% chloramphenicol 300 times solution or 50% bactericide 1000 times solution. (3) Thoroughly remove all diseased plants and bodies. Pots, planting platforms and tools shall be soaked in 10% bleaching powder solution for disinfection, and the soil shall be disinfected with 2% formalin solution, or replaced with new soil. Adopt disease-free seedlings. (4) Before and after the onset, 1% bordeaux mixture or (500-1000) × 0.00001agricultural streptomycin can be sprayed for many times. The purpose of editing this paragraph
Garden application is due to the extensive and light green leaves of evergreen plants. Berries are dark red and round, so they are beautiful. It has always been a kind of flower for viewing leaves and fruits. Ye Zi is elegant and beautiful, and is often placed on the long table in study and hall or under the long scroll of calligraphy and painting, which adds color to red fruits in autumn and winter. Other uses of roots and leaves can be used as medicine, as shown below. Brief History of Cultivation and Culture China has a long history of cultivation. Because of its name and auspicious fruit color (red), it has always been regarded as a symbol of wealth, auspiciousness, peace and longevity, and is deeply loved by people. In the Qing Dynasty, it was recorded in the "Flower Mirror" that "it is useless to take the ups and downs to take the blame, build a house and move, and hire a pool to live." Edit this flower language Evergreen Flower Language: Healthy and Longevity Evergreen is suitable for decorating the living room and study. Decorative application: small potted plants can be placed on desks and windowsills for viewing. You can put medium-sized potted plants in the corner of the living room and beside the sofa as decoration to make the room full of natural vitality. ? It is famous for its unique air purification ability: it can remove nicotine, formaldehyde? . The higher the concentration of pollutants in the air, the more it can exert its purification ability! Edit this paragraph of Chinese herbal medicine. Chinese herbal medicines are evergreen, alias snake sword, cordyceps sinensis, iron bar, and lotus. The source is evergreen of Liliaceae. Japonica rice (Thunb。 )? Ross. Rootstock or whole grass is used as medicine. Dig roots in autumn, wash them, remove fibrous roots, and use them fresh or slice them to dry. The whole grass is fresh and can be harvested all year round. Perennial evergreen herbs. Rhizomes are short and thick. Basal leaves, wide stripes, thick leathery. In spring and summer, dense spikes form on the floral axis. Perianth connate, spherical, bell-shaped, with six lobes, inconspicuous, fleshy, yellowish or brown. Six stamens; Ovary spherical, stigma trifoliate. Berries are spherical and orange when they are ripe. China and Japan; It is widely planted in Southwest China, Central China and East China. Bitter in nature, slightly sweet, cold in nature. A little poisonous. Function: clearing away heat and toxic materials, strengthening the heart and promoting diuresis. Can be used for preventing and treating diphtheria, myocarditis caused by diphtheria, sore throat, bacillary dysentery, rheumatic heart disease and heart failure; External use for treating traumatic injury, snake bite, burn, mastitis, carbuncle and furuncle. Usage and dosage: rhizome15 ~ 25g; Leaves 5 ~ 10g, appropriate amount for external use, mashed and rubbed with juice, or mashed and applied to the affected area. Edit this ancient prose discussion 1. Reading Mirror: Evergreen, a painting. Broad-leaved, dark green, not wilting in winter and summer. Wuzhong people have many seeds, ups and downs. If you move from one floor to another, you will be hired to expand, your children will be born, and all the happy events will be unnecessary. You think it's an auspicious slogan. As for the marriage money, although we don't take the living, we will cut the silk and replace it. It is also routine to be juxtaposed with reincarnation, onion and pine in the basin. Planting method: potted in spring and autumn, placed in a cool place. As the saying goes, April 14 is the birthday of the immortal. When old leaves are pruned and thrown into the street, people will trample on them and new leaves will thrive. I like fertile soil and water it with Leng Cha. 2. "Outline": The companion letter used for weddings in Zhejiang is evergreen, which means Changchun. {Note}: There is the same plant, Evergreen Phnom Penh. Is it used as medicine? Thunb (Thunb. )Roth？ Variegated variety? Holt. Most of them are cultivated. The juice of this toxic evergreen is toxic, and the tissue fluid of the stem is generally the most toxic. Generally, mucus sticking to hands or skin will cause allergic reactions, and there will be patches or itchy feelings. If you scratch it carelessly, it will be more itchy. Pay attention to Evergreen, which belongs to Daifanye and Leymus. The toxicity of these two varieties is different. If Chinese medicine is ingested into the body, symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, salivation, anorexia, dizziness and fatigue will appear after taking it for about 1 hour. Severe cases can cause abdominal pain and diarrhea, precordial compression, numbness of limbs, cold limbs, pale skin, blurred vision, slow heartbeat, decreased blood pressure, irritability, convulsions, coma and dilated pupils. Rescue method: Please refer to digitalis for its rescue method and precautions. ? It can also be used for the therapeutic diagnosis of potassium salt. 10% potassium chloride solution 15 ~ 25ml was added to 500ml of 5% glucose solution, and intravenous drip was completed within 2 hours under the condition of closely observing the heart. If the arrhythmia has improved, it is suggested that the drug containing cardiac glycoside is poisoned. In addition, the detoxification of Chinese herbal medicines is as follows: 1. 9g of ginseng, 9g of Ophiopogon japonicus and 6g of Schisandra chinensis are decocted in water twice, and taken together for two times. 2. Licorice 15g, mung bean 30g, decocted in water and taken twice. 3. Strong tea with proper amount of sugar should be drunk regularly.