Latin scientific name: plum blossom (apricot), that is, the full name of plum blossom is plum blossom apricot

English name: Mumeplant Japanese apricot

Classification of families and genera:

Domain: Eukarya.

Field: Plant kingdom

Phylum: Angiosperms (Magnolia)

Class: dicotyledonous plants

Target: Rosales.

Family: Rosaceae.

Subfamily: Sakurainae

Genus: Prunus

Type: Mei

Variety classification

(1) Plum blossom strains can be divided into four lines: 1 Zhenmei line, 2 Prunus mume line, 3 Prunus mume line and 4 Prunus mume line.

(2) Six categories: 1 straight branches, 2 pendulous branches, 3 longyou branches, 4 plums, 5 plums and 6 apricots (the first three categories belong to the family Umbelliferae, and the rest belong to various families).

(3) 19 type: 1 Straight plum can be divided into plum blossom type, small thin plum type, Jiang Mei type, palace pollen type, green calyx type, jade butterfly type, vermilion type, yellow fragrance type and golden sprinkling type.

2. Plum blossoms can be divided into three types: pink flower type, five treasures type, remnant snow type, Bai Bi type and bone red type.

3 Longyoumei is divided into Jade Butterfly Longyou type.

Apricots and plums can be divided into single-petal apricots and late spring apricots.

5. Plum blossoms can be divided into plum blossom types.

6 Prunus armeniaca can be divided into apricot types.

Gu mei

There are some famous Gu Mei with a long history in China. Among them, Chu Mei, Jin Mei, Liang Meiwei, Tang Mei and Song Mei are the representatives, and there are five Gu Mei. Chu Mei: At Zhanghua Temple in Shashi, Hubei Province. It is said that it was planted by King Chu Ling. It has been more than 2,500 years, and it is the oldest ancient beauty. Jin Mei: In Jiangxin Temple in Huangmei, Hubei. It is said that it was planted by Zhidun, a famous monk in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and it has been 1600 years. In late winter and early spring, the plum blossoms twice, which is called "Ermei" (another saying is that it is named Ermei because the whole flowering period runs through winter and spring). The log has withered, and now it is a new branch developed in recent years. Liang Meiwei: The Capitol Hill in Tiantai Mountain, Zhejiang Province. According to legend, it was planted by Master Guan Ding, a disciple of the founder of Buddhist Tiantai Temple, more than 300 years ago. Tang Mei: There are two kinds of ancient beautiful trees called "Tang Mei". One plant was planted in the yard of Tang Ming, Chaoshan, Zhejiang Province. It is said that it was planted during the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty. A piece of Heishui Temple in Kunming, Yunnan, is said to have been planted by Daoan monks in the first year of Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty (AD 7 13). Song Mei: Baochi Temple in Chaoshan, Zhejiang. Generally speaking, plum blossom has five petals, but this Song Mei plant has six petals, which is unusual.

Stories and legends

According to legend, when Cho Se Ung visited Luofu Mountain in Sui Dynasty, he dreamed of drinking with a plain-looking woman at night. The woman is fragrant, and there is a young man in green, singing and dancing. At dawn, Cho Se Ung woke up and found himself sleeping under a big plum tree, and the kingfisher was singing. It turns out that the woman in the dream is a plum tree and the boy in green is a kingfisher. At this time, the moon has set and the stars in the sky are crooked. Cho Se Ung was lonely and melancholy, and later took it as a plum blossom allusion.

Mei Pu said that there is a kind of plum in Shaoxing and Xing Wu, which is called Taimei: "The moss must hang down between branches, or several inches long, and the wind can play the moss."

According to the legend of Wulin, there are two kinds of moss: one is very thick and has many flowers; A kind of moss is like a filament, more than a foot long.

morphological character

The plant height is about 5- 10 meter, and the trunk is brownish purple with multiple longitudinal edges. Branchlets are green. Leaf blade broadly ovate to ovate, margin serrate. 65438+ 0 ~ 2 flowers per node, sessile or short-stalked, the original species is pale pink or white, and the cultivated varieties are purple, red and colored spots to yellowish colors, which bloom in early spring. Plum blossoms can be divided into departments, classes and types. Such as real plum, apricot, cherry plum, etc. Classification under the system, classification under the hierarchy. Plum blossoms are small deciduous trees, with grayish brown trunks, slender green hairless branchlets, oval or round leaves, fine teeth on the leaf margin, and flower buds planted in the axils of long branches, with 65,438+0 ~ 2 flowers per node, fragrant, 5 petals, white to pink, double petals. (pictured)

prevent

Plum blossom is a small deciduous tree with a height of10m. Its branches are usually prickly and its crown is not round. Branches are brownish purple, with multiple longitudinal lines, and branchlets are green or with green as the background color, without hair.

fruit

Drupe is nearly spherical, grooved, about 1 ~ 3 cm in diameter, densely pubescent, acid green, yellow or yellow-green when the fruit matures from April to June, and some varieties are red-green. Acid, edible, can be used to make dried plums, plum sauce, preserved plums, sour plum soup, plum wine and so on. , and can also be used as medicine. Mei Huajiu is very popular in Japan and South Korea. It tastes sweet and has the effect of smoothing qi, so it is an excellent fruit wine. Plum is a very popular food in China. Plums are made by pickling plums with sugar, salt and licorice and then drying them in the sun. Plums can also be used to make bitter or sweet and other foods.

flower

Plum blossom can be divided into true plum blossom series, apricot plum blossom series and cherry plum blossom series. 65438 0 ~ 2 flowers per node, sessile or short peduncle, 65438 0 ~ 3 cm in diameter, bell-shaped calyx tube, pubescent, ovoid lobes; Petals, the original species is pale pink or white, and the cultivated varieties are purple, red, mottled to light yellow; Stamens are numerous, free, densely pilose in atrium, rarely 2-5 (centrifugal skin) or absent, superior in atrium, long style.

There are more than 300 varieties of plum blossoms. Plum varieties suitable for viewing include Dahongmei, Taigemei, Zhao, Green Sepals and Longyoumei. Most ornamental plum blossoms are white, pink, red, purple and light green. 65438+February in Southwest China to 65438+1October in the following year, February-March in Central China and March-April in North China. 4~7 days from initial flowering to full flowering, and the last flowering 15~20 days.

Plum blossom is a long-lived flower, even if it is potted at home, it can often last for more than ten years. There is a plum blossom planted in Jin Dynasty in Huangmei County, Hubei Province, which is still fragrant.

Although plum blossoms have low requirements for soil, it is best to have loose and fertile soil and good drainage. Seedlings can be cultivated in garden soil or humus soil. Plum blossoms are sensitive to moisture. Although they like moisture, they are afraid of waterlogging. If the basin soil is too wet for a long time, it will lead to deciduous and yellow leaves. Plum blossoms don't like big fat, so they only need to apply a small amount of thin fat water during the growth period. Plum blossoms can withstand the temperature of-15 degrees. Prunus mume is mainly propagated by grafting, and sowing, layering and cutting can also be used. Rootstocks are mainly li miao or apricot and peach. Plum blossom is usually not easy to get sick, but there are also some diseases, such as perforation, anthracnose, powdery mildew, dead branch gummosis, dry rot gummosis and so on. Aphids often harm plum blossoms. However, dimethoate is not suitable for killing insects, which will cause phytotoxicity to plum blossoms and lead to defoliation. In addition, there is a kind of plum blossom bonsai called plum blossom pile.

kind

There are many varieties and varieties of plums. At present, there are more than 30 large varieties and more than 300 subordinate small varieties. According to the branches and growth posture, the varieties can be divided into, right-angled plum, Zhao and Longyoumei. It can also be divided into Gong Fenmei, Hongmei, Zhao, Green Sepals Plum, Big Hongmei, Jade Butterfly Plum and Sprinkled Golden Plum. Among them, Gongfenmei is the most common, with pink petals and dense and thick flowers; Jade butterfly plum petals are purple and white; The petals of green sepals are white and have a strong fragrance, especially the "green calyx of money".

Flower language, meaning, symbol

The flower language of plum blossom: strong and elegant.

The moral of plum blossom, symbol:

1, plum blossoms spring down. The ancients said that Mei has four virtues, the primary core is Yuan, flowering is constant, the result is profit, and maturity is festival. There is another saying in later generations: Five-petal plum blossom is the symbol of Five Blessingg. First, happiness, second, luck, third, longevity, fourth, smoothness, and fifth, the peace we want most.

Plum blossom is often regarded as an auspicious symbol to spread the good news of spring. Plum blossom is one of the three friends of Lao Leng. Since ancient times, people have been praising her spirit of being proud of snow, and her lonely and noble beauty of not competing with flowers for spring. So, she symbolizes:

One: the hermit is tall and thin, and his shadow is clear and shallow, and the evening is fragrant.

Second, the frost beauty, the snow beauty and the cold beauty live in Hanxiqu, and the plum blossoms come in warm spring, learning the makeup of the little girl and smiling with red lips.

Third, people who are upright and upright are born with different roots, and everything is difficult to accompany. Since ancient times, spring has come early, and it snows in severe winter.

3. Plum blossom is the spiritual symbol of the Chinese nation, with strong and universal attraction and driving force. Plum blossom symbolizes the spirit of perseverance, perseverance, courage and self-improvement. Other flowers only bloom in spring, but they are different. The colder the weather, the more the wind oppresses the snow, and the more energetic and delicate the flowers bloom. One of the ancient poems wrote: There are some plums in the corner, and Ling Han opens them alone. I knew from a distance that it wasn't snow, because there was a smell coming. It is the most backbone flower of our Chinese nation! For thousands of years, its lofty quality and loyalty have inspired generations of China people to explore bravely and create excellent life and civilization. Some people think that Mei's character and integrity almost freehand brushwork the spirit of our "descendants of the dragon". The whole country, from celebrities to cloth clothes, has loved plum blossoms for thousands of years. "In the history of literature and art, the number of Mei poems and paintings is enough to make any kind of flowers fall behind."

Plum blossoms are tall and straight and bright. The plum blossom, the first of the twenty-four flowers, has green ice branches, elegant shadow, beautiful fragrance and early flowering. "Xiang Xuehai dares to produce thousands of flowers, and a tree will spring first." Known as the flower base. The lofty character and loyalty of "knowing far away is not snow, only fragrance comes" symbolizes the spirit of our descendants of the dragon. Pine, bamboo and plum blossom are called "three friends of the old cold" Plum blossom was cultivated in Shang Dynasty and has a history of nearly 4000 years. Mei is the birthday girl among flowers. In many parts of China, the Millennium Gu Mei is still preserved. In Huangmei County, Hubei Province, there is a golden plum, which is 1600 years old and still in bloom. Plum blossoms are in full bloom in the snow, the fragrance is lingering in the cold, the image of iron bones and ice hearts, and the image of high morality and integrity inspires people to strive for self-improvement and persevere in welcoming the arrival of spring.

cultivation techniques

history

Plum is a unique traditional flower and fruit in China with a history of more than 3,000 years. The Book of Books says, "To make a soup, you will only salt plums." "Book of Rites" contains: "Peach, plum and egg salt". The Book of Songs Nan Zhou said: "There are plums, but there are seven! Mei is also mentioned in Qin Feng Zhongnan, Martin's Tomb Gate and Cao Feng's Dove. According to the records in the above-mentioned ancient books, plums were used to replace cheese as seasoning in ancient times, and they were indispensable things for sacrifice, cooking, gifts and so on. At least 2,500 years ago, wild plums were introduced and domesticated, making them domestic plums-fruit plums. 1975, an archaeologist in China discovered plum pits in the bronze ding of Shang Dynasty in Yinxu, Anyang, indicating that plums had been used as food as early as 3,200 years ago.

The rise of ornamental plum blossoms began in the early Han Dynasty. "Miscellanies of Xijing" contains: "The forest garden was built in the early Han Dynasty, which was far from different trees, including Zhu Mei and Mei in marriage." At this time, the plum blossom varieties with strong ornamental and ornamental properties may belong to Jiang Mei and Guanfen, and a layer of blush is sprinkled on one side of the plum blossom. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Yang Xiong wrote "Shu Du Fu" and said: "Cherry blossoms, plum blossoms and magnolia trees are all used." It can be seen that plum has been used as a garden tree species for urban greening about 2000 years ago.

During the Southern and Northern Dynasties (AD 420-589), the artistic plum blossom, plum blossom appreciation and Yongmei became more popular, and "plum blossom became famous all over the world with flowers" (Preface to the Poems of Harmony by Yang Wanli in the Southern Song Dynasty). "Jinling Zhi" contains: Princess Shouyang, the daughter of Song Wudi (Emperor Wu of Song, reigned in 420-422 AD), lies under the eaves of Zhanghan Temple every day, and plum blossoms fall on her forehead, which cannot be removed. The imperial court can order her to do so. "At this time, there are many literati who write plum blossoms, such as Bao Zhao in Song Dynasty, Xiao Gang (Jian Wendi) in Liang Dynasty, He Xun, Plum Blossom in Yangzhou, Yin Keng in Chen Dynasty, To Tu Thanh, Northern Zhou Dynasty, and other works.

The period from Sui (58 1-6 18) and Tang (6 18-907) to the Five Dynasties (902-963) was the heyday of art and beauty.

According to legend, during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Zhang An (56. 1-632), a master of Guoshi Temple in Tiantai Mountain, Zhejiang Province, planted plum trees in front of the temple. Song Jing, a famous minister in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem "Plum Blossom Fu". There are some foreign words in the poem, such as "Go alone in early spring, take care". Li, Du, Liu Zongyuan and Bai Juyi also have many famous sentences. According to poetry, plum blossom varieties in Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties mainly belong to Jiang Mei type and Guanfen type. In Sichuan, cinnabar varieties appeared in the Tang Dynasty, when they were called "red berries". "All Tang Poems" contains: "There are several red plums in Zhoushujun Pavilion". Today, there are many and good varieties of cinnabar in Chongqing county (that is, Gushuzhou), which obviously has its historical roots.

400 years (960- 1368) in Song and Yuan Dynasties was the prosperous period of ancient art plum in China. Besides plum blossom poems and Mei Wen, plum blossom and plum blossom books also appeared. At the same time, Yimei's skills have been greatly improved, and the variety of colors has also increased significantly. Mei's poems were numerous in the Song Dynasty, and Ying Sui, written by Fang Hui in the late Song Dynasty, classified "plum blossom" as a category. Mei Ci is also many excellent works. Famous artists, such as Lin Bu (He Jing) in the Northern Song Dynasty, lived in seclusion in the lonely mountain of Hangzhou, and planted plum cranes, known as Mei's wife, the crane. There are many plum blossom poems, and the poem "The shadow is shallow and the fragrance floats at dusk" ("Xiaomei in the Mountain Garden") is even more vivid. Other poets, such as Su Shi, Qin Guan and Wang Anshi in the Northern Song Dynasty, Lu You, Chen Liang and Fan Chengda in the Southern Song Dynasty, have been handed down from generation to generation. In Shang and Song Dynasties, Fan Chengda wrote Plum Tree (about 1 186), collected 12 plum varieties, and introduced the propagation and cultivation methods. This is the first monograph on plum blossom art in China and even in the world. In addition to introducing Jiang Mei type, Guanfen type and vermilion type, the book also introduces unprecedented "Yupan type" (namely "two-leaf plum"), "green calyx type" and "single apricot type". It belongs to plum blossom), Huang Xiang type (that is, Baixiangmei belongs to Huangxiangmei), dried plum type (flowering early, rare in China) and so on. In addition, Zhou Xu's "Luoyang Hua Mu Ji" (1082) recorded cinnabar (red plum) and other varieties. Zhang Ci's (Gong Fu) Mei Pin (1 185) and Song Boren's "Flower Dan Xi Shen" (1239) are poems about appreciating Mei. Monographs on painting.

In the Yuan Dynasty, Wang Mian, who loved plum blossoms, and Yongmei, who painted plum blossoms, planted thousands of plum blossoms in Jiudan Mountain. His paintings and poems of Mo Mei are well known. Zhao, Yang Weizhen, Xie Zongke, Monk Mingben, etc. Yongmei has famous poems. At present, there is a Yuan Mei in Caoxi Temple on the other side of Kunming Hot Spring, which was born more than 700 years ago. It twists and turns, and still blossoms and bears fruit every year.

Ming and Qing dynasties; The scale and level of Iraq and the United States are constantly improving, and there are more and more varieties. In the Ming Dynasty (162 1 year), Wang recorded as many as 19 plum varieties, which were divided into three categories: Bai Mei, Hongmei and Yipin. Both Liu's and Liu's records of plum blossoms are rich in information. In the Ming Dynasty, Yongmei became more and more popular, and there were plum blossom poems in Yang Shen, Jiao Hong, Gao Qi and Tang Yin. Xú Zhēng, Yao Lai, Liu Ji, etc. , there are plum blossoms. Chen Haozi's Flower City (1688) in Qing Dynasty recorded 2 1 plum varieties, among which' Taige' plum and' Zhaoshui' plum were both unprecedented new varieties. At that time, Suzhou, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Chengdu and other places were all famous for planting plum trees. Gong Zizhen (1792- 184 1) said in The Story of the Sick Plum House: "Longpan in Jiangning, Dengwei in Suzhou and Xixi in Hangzhou all produce plums." County Records of Reconstruction of Chengdu (1873) recorded in great detail "Dried Plum", "Bai Mei", "Official Chun Mei", "Zhaoshui", "Cinnabar" and "Green Sepals". At that time, Yongmei's books, essays and paintings were born one after another. Among the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou", Li and the famous painters Jin Nong and Li are well known to the world.

technology

1. Cold-tolerant varieties can be planted in the south and the Yellow River basin, but indoor potted plants should be used for wintering in cold areas in the north. It can be planted after defoliation and before germination in spring. In order to improve the survival rate, we should avoid damaging the root system and transplant with soil balls. The ground should be planted in the leeward and sunny places. Potted soil with 3 parts humus soil, 3 parts garden soil, 2 parts river sand and 2 parts decomposed fertilizer was selected. Watering after planting 1 time. Keep it in a cool place, and move it to the sun for normal management after the growth resumes.

2. Light and temperature like warm and sufficient light. Except for apricot varieties, it is generally resistant to-10℃ except -25℃. High temperature resistance, can grow at 40℃. It grows best in the area with annual average temperature 16-23℃. Very sensitive to temperature, it blooms when the average temperature reaches -5-7℃ in early spring. If it encounters low temperature, the flowering period will be delayed, and if it encounters low temperature, the flowering period can be extended. The growing season should be placed in a sunny and well-ventilated place. If it is in a cool environment with insufficient light, it will grow thin and bloom sparsely. Don't enter the room too early in winter, and it is advisable to1late October 165438+ to enter the room so that the flower buds can differentiate through the vernalization stage. In winter, it should be placed in a sunny place indoors and the temperature should be kept at about 5℃.

3. Pay attention to watering during the growth period of watering and fertilization. The soil in the basin should always be moist, and it can neither accumulate water nor be too wet or too dry. It is necessary to master the principle of watering. Generally speaking, water less when the temperature is low on cloudy days, or water more. You can water it twice a day in summer, once a day/kloc-0 in spring and autumn, and dry it thoroughly in winter. Fertilization is also appropriate.

Management: apply base fertilizer before planting, and add a small amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate at the same time, apply potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time before flowering, and apply cake fertilizer 1 time before flowering to supplement nutrition. In June, 1 times compound fertilizer can be applied to promote flower bud differentiation. After defoliation in autumn, apply organic fertilizer 1 times, such as decomposed manure.

4. Pruning pruning time can be carried out within 20 days after flowering. Give priority to with natural tree, cut off cross branches, erect branches, dead branches, too dense branches, etc. And cut short the side branches to promote the flowers to bloom. After potted plum blossoms are put into pots, they should be cut again to lay the foundation for bonsai. Plum piles are usually used as scenery to graft plum blossoms in various postures. Keep a certain temperature, and you can see plum blossoms in full bloom during the Spring Festival. If you want to blossom on May 1, you need to keep the temperature of 0-5℃ and the humid environment. Move out in early April and keep it in a sunny and well-ventilated place, so that you can see the flowers around May 1.

5. flowering control potted plum blossoms are generally for family viewing. After defoliation in winter, keep the indoor temperature at 0-5℃, gradually raise the temperature to 5-10℃ after New Year's Day, fully receive sunlight every day, and often spray water on the branches, and the humidity of the water should be close to room temperature.

Growth habit

Plum blossoms can grow well in areas where the annual rainfall is above 1000mm, and the requirements for soil are not strict and relatively poor. Active tree species, like sunshine and good ventilation. It is a long-lived tree species. The flowering period in the Yangtze River basin is from February to March.

Artificial cultivation

Grafting is commonly used in reproduction, and the rootstocks are mostly plum, peach, apricot, wild apricot and wild peach. Plum blossoms should be cultivated in the open space on sunny or semi-sunny slopes with a spacing of 3 ~ 5m. Usually in the growing period, that is, from autumn to early winter, fertilizer is applied three times, such as cake fertilizer compost, manure and so on. Apply quick-acting fertilizer before budding; After the new shoots stop growing (from the end of June to the beginning of July), appropriate water control and fertilization are applied to promote flower bud differentiation. Plum blossoms are suitable for bonsai cultivation. Put the plants that have been cultivated in the ground for several years in a flowerpot. Pot soil should be soft, loose and fertile, and it should be trimmed before and after planting.

Plum blossom disease

There are many kinds of plum blossom diseases, the most common of which are powdery mildew, leaf shrinkage and anthracnose.

(1) powdery mildew. This disease often occurs in high humidity, high temperature and poor ventilation environment. In early spring and March, when plum blossoms germinate, buds and new leaves are easily infected by germs, and a thin layer of white powder will appear on the affected area, and then needle-like black or yellow particles will appear on the white powder layer, and the leaves will turn yellow and die in the later stage.

(2) Leaf shrinking disease. Tobezin or carbendazim, or 1% bordeaux mixture can be sprayed once every other week for 3-4 times to cure.

(3) Anthracnose. At the initial stage of the disease, 70% Tobuzine 1000 times solution or 600 times solution of zineb can be sprayed for prevention and treatment. When other diseases are found, spraying the above two potions can also be effective.

Distribution of origin

Plum blossom originated in the southwest of China, and wild plum first evolved into ornamental plum, which is a branch of plum blossom. China wild plum has four sub-centers, namely, eastern Sichuan and western Hubei mountainous areas; Southeast Hubei, northeast Jiangxi, Anhui and Zhejiang mountainous areas; Guangdong and Guangxi, mountainous areas in southern Jiangxi and Fujian and Taiwan, among which Meiling Scenic Area in Nanxi Town of Tainan County and Xinyi Township of Nantou County are the best in Taiwan Province Province. This is a deciduous tree. Meixi has a warm climate, and its flowering period is particularly sensitive to climate change. Meixi has a high air humidity, but it avoids heavy rain during flowering. Plum blossoms can grow well in areas where the annual rainfall is above 1000mm, and the requirements for soil are not strict and relatively poor. Active tree species, like sunshine and good ventilation. It is a long-lived tree species. The flowering period in the Yangtze River basin is from February to March. Wild plums are distributed in high altitude areas such as Sichuan, Hubei and Guangxi. Plum blossoms cultivated in the south of the Yellow River can safely overwinter in the open air, and hybrid plum blossoms have successfully overwintered in the open air in Beijing. Plum blossoms like a warm and slightly humid climate, slightly tolerant of shade and not afraid of cold. The soil is light soil and sandy soil, which is rich in humus and easy to grow on medium clay loam. Chengdu, Sichuan, is famous for plum blossoms since ancient times. Song Dynasty poet Lu You's poem "Flowers in Yongmei" said: "I went to the west of the city and got drunk for plum blossoms. Twenty Li Xiang, Qingyang Palace to Huanhuaxi ".

Plum blossom is a deciduous tree of Prunus in Rosaceae, sometimes it refers to its fruit (plum) or flower (plum), and its scientific name is plum blossom. Plum blossom originated in China, spread to Korea and Japan, and then spread to western countries from Japan. The scientific name of plum blossom is actually Japanese pronunciation, which is said to come from the pronunciation of the word plum blossom in the Central Plains of ancient China.

In addition, plum blossom and wintersweet are two completely unrelated plants. Plum belongs to Rosaceae and Chimonanthus praecox belongs to Chimonanthus praecox. Chimonanthus praecox is only three meters high, and the flowers are mostly yellow. The fruit is spindle-shaped, which is different from plum blossom.

Ume (Li) is the Japanese name of the Asian plum tree (Prunus of Rosaceae). As a flower viewing tree, it is widely planted and its fruit is edible. Although it is called plum, it is actually closer to apricot in classification. There is also a Japanese plum called sumomo.

In Japan, plum blossoms bloom in late winter, that is, 1 late month and February, with flowers first and leaves later. Five petals diameter 1 ~ 3cm. Wild flowers are white, and there are artificial varieties such as rose red and crimson. Leaves came out soon after the flowers fell behind. The leaves are oval and the tips are arrow-shaped. Fruit ripens in early summer, which is June in Japan. Because the fruit maturity coincides with the rainy season in southern China, it is also called the rainy season. The fruit is round, and there is a shallow ditch from the stalk to the top. The peel is green, gradually turns yellow after picking, and may appear red, indicating that the fruit is mature. The flesh is yellow.

Japan: China culture was introduced into Japan in the 4th century, and it was widely planted in Japan.

Lucy: Except for New Zealand, there are few plants in Europe and America.

economic value

In gardens, greenbelts, gardens and scenic spots, single planting, cluster planting, group planting, etc. It can also be planted naturally in front of houses, on slopes, between rocks and on roadsides. If evergreen trees or dark buildings are used as the background, the beauty of plum blossoms can be set off. Such as pine, bamboo and plum, with pine as the background, bamboo as the guest scene and plum as the main scene. In ancient times, it was emphasized that "plum blossoms around the house" and "going upstairs to see plum blossoms" were all for the best viewing effect. In addition, plum blossoms can be arranged into Meiling, Mei Feng, Meiyuan, Meixi, Meijing and Meiwu. Plum blossom is pure and elegant, and it is an important ornamental flower in winter and spring. Can be planted in pieces, can also be used as bonsai, cut flowers, beautify the courtyard and other environments. Plums can be eaten raw to quench thirst, and can also be made into candied fruit such as preserved plum and dried plum, plum sauce and sauce. Fruit as medicine has antipyretic, antitussive, anthelmintic and dysentery relieving effects; Flowers and roots can be used as medicine, promoting blood circulation and detoxification, benefiting lung and resolving phlegm. In addition, fruits and bark can also be used to make dyes; The trunk is an important material for handicraft carving because of its excellent material and delicate texture.

Both plums and plums are used as medicine.

Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica first pointed out the medicinal value of plums: "The taste is sour and flat, which is mainly used to relieve qi, remove heat and annoyance, stop limb pain, dry and heartless, kill muscles, remove moles and erode meat." Due to different processing methods, finished plums can be divided into Bai Mei and Mume. This processing method was recorded by Jia Sixie in Qi Yaomin's Book. Method for make Bai Mei: "sour plums, core-removed and first pic, dipped in salt juice at night and exposed at day." Ten nights, ten dips and ten exposures, and it's done. "Mume-making method:" It is also necessary to pick the plums when they are just formed, put them in cages, smoke them on the buds and dry them. "Li Shizhen, a famous pharmacologist in Ming Dynasty, believed that dark plum can" astringe the lung and astringe the intestine, stop diarrhea with chronic cough, choke the diaphragm with nausea, eliminate phlegm, reduce swelling and resolve phlegm, kill insects, relieve fish poison, horse sweat poison and sulfur poison. "Bai Mei" is "to treat apoplexy, epilepsy, throat obstruction, phlegm stagnation, and stiff teeth, take plum pulp to wipe the gums, and then vomit it. It can also treat diarrhea, polydipsia, cholera vomiting and bloody collapse. "

This shows that plums have a wide range of medicinal uses. Modern medical research shows that plum buds can stimulate appetite, relieve depression, promote fluid production and eliminate phlegm, and promote blood circulation and detoxification. Root grinding can cure jaundice. Mume meat has the functions of astringing lung and astringing intestine, killing insects and promoting fluid production, and has obvious inhibitory effects on Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, typhoid Bacillus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio cholerae.

Plum blossom mainly contains volatile oil, benzaldehyde, isoeugenol and benzoic acid. Mume mainly contains citric acid and sitosterol, and contains hydrocyanic acid when it matures. The decoction has inhibitory effect on staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, dysentery, tuberculosis and other bacteria and dermatophytes, and can reduce the occurrence of anaphylactic shock death in protein of guinea pigs.

In addition, plum blossom can extract aromatic oil. According to Zhao Xuemin's Compendium of Materia Medica in Qing Dynasty, "Haicheng people are good at steaming plum and rose dew, which is used as shochu method. A little dew in each pot of wine will be fragrant." According to the different boiling points of aromatic oil and water, the ancients extracted aromatic oil by fractionation technology and used it as a food additive.

Ornamental resort

In the middle of winter, all flowers wither, and only plum blossoms bloom. The gesture of fighting with frost and snow adds a lot of interest to tourists. There are many scenic spots to enjoy plum blossoms in China. In addition to Meihua Mountain in Nanjing, other famous ones are:

Super mountain plum blossom is located in Yuhang County, Zhejiang Province, and is known as "Super mountain plum blossom is the best in the world". Among Merlin, two ancient beauties are particularly precious.

Lingfeng Meihua Lingfeng is located in Wu Qingzhi, the northeast corner of Hangzhou Botanical Garden. Once upon a time, it was called the three scenic spots of the West Lake together with Gushan and Xixi. At present, there are 45 varieties of plum blossom treasures from Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai and Anhui, including Meiyuan 160 mu, Lamei Garden 20 mu, and more than 6,000 plum plants, making it a plum viewing resort in the West Lake.

Meiyuan Garden in Dianshan Lake is the largest scenic spot to enjoy plum blossoms in Shanghai, covering an area of 190 mu, with more than 5,000 plum trees and more than 40 varieties, including Gu Mei, which is over 100 years old.

Moshan Meiyuan in Wuhan East Lake Moshan Meiyuan is one of the four largest Meiyuan in China, and it is also the location of China Meihua Research Center. Moshan Meiyuan is surrounded by mountains and lakes, and the environment is very beautiful. There are more than 30,000 plum trees, 139 varieties.

Luogang Xiangxue, one of the eight scenic spots in Yangcheng, is located in Luogang, the eastern suburb of Guangzhou, more than 30 kilometers away. Luogang Mountain is surrounded by mountains, and plum and litchi are planted in the central valley for more than ten kilometers. Plum blossoms bloom around the slight cold every year, as if in the "Meihai".

In addition, there are Caotang Temple in Chengdu, Nanshan in the south bank of Chongqing, Heilongtan in Kunming, Meixi in Shexian Duojing Garden, and 18 caves in western Fujian, all of which are well-known beauty spots.

Xiangxuehai

There are hundreds of thousands of plum blossoms in Fiona Fang, Dengweishan, Jiangsu Province, which is located in Dengweishan, Guangfu Township, Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province, 30 kilometers southwest of Suzhou City. Surrounded by mountains in front and Taihu Lake in the back, the geographical position is unique. In the plum blossom season, snow is fragrant everywhere, which is called "ten miles of snow", and it is known as "climbing all over the world, and there is nowhere to plant plum blossoms".

Kangxi went to Jiangnan several times, and Qianlong visited Mei from six to Deng Wei, so he became famous. Deng's plum blossom has a strong historical and humanistic atmosphere, and there are four major attractions: "going upstairs to see plum blossom, visiting plum blossom in the garden, visiting plum blossom in the gallery, and climbing to enjoy plum blossom". And there are many famous products, including Bai Mei, Hongmei, Qingmei and Momei. The best place to enjoy plum blossoms: the plum blossom pavilion halfway up the mountain. Wherever you go, it is dozens of miles in three worlds, which is exactly "seeing a piece of white and a thousand hectares of snow from a distance".

Every February, plum blossoms are in full bloom, which is just like Xue Hai, full of mountains and plains, with intoxicating fragrance and fragrant smell for miles. The word "Xiang" is well known.