Mouse interface type: According to the interface type, there are three types of mice: serial mouse, PS/2 mouse and bus mouse. Serial mouse is connected to the computer through serial port, and there are two kinds of 9-pin interface and 25-pin interface. The PS/2 mouse is connected to the computer through a six-pin mini DIN interface, which is similar to the interface of the keyboard. Pay attention to the distinction when using it. The interface of the bus mouse is on the bus interface card.
Working principle of mouse: According to its working principle, mouse can be divided into mechanical mouse and photoelectric mouse. The mechanical mouse is mainly composed of a rolling ball, a roller column and a grating signal sensor. When you drag the mouse, it drives the ball to rotate, and the ball drives the roller column to rotate. The photoelectric pulse signal generated by the grating signal sensor installed at the end of the roller column reflects the displacement change of the mouse in the vertical and horizontal directions, and then the movement of the cursor arrow on the screen is controlled through the processing and conversion of the computer program. The photoelectric mouse device converts the displacement signal into an electric pulse signal by detecting the displacement of the mouse, and then controls the movement of the cursor arrow on the screen through the processing and conversion of the program. Optical mouse uses photoelectric sensor instead of rolling ball. This kind of sensor needs a special pad with stripes or dot patterns.
In addition, the mouse can be divided into two-button mouse, pc mouse, wheel mouse and induction mouse according to its shape. The left and right keys of the two-button mouse and the three-button mouse mark have the same function. In general, we don't need the middle key of the three-key mouse, but this key will also play some roles when using some special software (such as AutoCAD). Roller mouse and induction mouse are widely used in notebook computers. Turn the ball in the middle of the mouse in different directions, or move your finger on the sensor board, and the cursor will move in the corresponding direction. When the cursor reaches the predetermined position, click the mouse or the sensor board to perform the corresponding function.
Wireless mouse and 3D mouse: The new wireless mouse and 3D vibrating mouse are relatively novel mice. Wireless mouse is produced to adapt to large screen display. The so-called "wireless" means that there is no wired connection, but two No.7 batteries are used for wireless remote control. The mouse has automatic sleep function, the battery can be used for one year, and the receiving range is within 1.8 meters. The 3D vibrating mouse is a new type of mouse, which can not only be used as an ordinary mouse, but also has the following characteristics: (1) It has omni-directional stereo control capability. It has six moving directions: front, back, left, right, up and down, which can be combined. (2) The appearance is different from that of an ordinary mouse. It generally consists of a fan-shaped base and a movable controller. (3) It has vibration function, that is, tactile feedback function. When playing some games, you will feel the mouse shake when you are hit by the enemy. (4) It is the real pc mouse. Whether in DOS or Windows environment, the middle button and right button of the mouse are of great use.
keyboard
Keyboard is the most commonly used and main input device. English letters, numbers, punctuation marks, etc. can be input into the computer through the keyboard, so as to send commands and input data to the computer.
In the era of PC XT/AT, the keyboard was mainly composed of 83 keys, which lasted for a long time, but it has been eliminated with the popularity of Windows system in recent years. Instead, keyboards with keys of 10 1 and 104 have occupied the mainstream position in the market. Of course, there have also been keyboards with keys 102 and 103, but they are only a flash in the pan due to poor promotion. In the past six months, following the 104 keyboard, a new multimedia keyboard appeared, which added many commonly used shortcut keys or volume adjustment devices to the traditional keyboard, further simplifying PC operation, and only pressing a special key to send and receive emails, open browser software, start multimedia players, etc. At the same time, the appearance has also been improved obviously, with the emphasis on the personalization of the keyboard. At first, this kind of keyboard was mostly used in brand machines, such as Hewlett-Packard and Lenovo, which took the lead in adopting this kind of keyboard and won wide acclaim. It was once considered to be the characteristic of brand machines. With the passage of time, independent products with various quick functions are gradually sold in the market, with special drivers and setting software, and personalized operation can also be realized on compatible computers.
There are two kinds of conventional keyboards: mechanical keys and capacitive keys, and there is also a keyboard that touches membrane keys in the keyboard of industrial computer. Mechanical keyboard is the earliest structure, which is generally similar to the principle of metal contact switch to make the contacts on or off. It has the characteristics of simple process, convenient maintenance, ordinary feel, loud noise and easy wear. Most cheap mechanical keyboards use copper leaf springs as elastic materials. Copper leaves are easy to fold and lose elasticity, and the failure rate increases after a long time of use. Now it has been basically eliminated and replaced by capacitive keyboard. It is a keyboard based on capacitive switch, and its principle is to change the distance between electrodes by pressing the key to produce the change of capacitance, which temporarily forms the condition for allowing oscillation pulses to pass. Theoretically, this switch is non-contact, non-contact, the wear rate is very small or even negligible, and there is no hidden danger of poor contact. Its advantages are low noise and easy control of hand feel, and it can manufacture high-quality keyboards, but the process is more complicated than the mechanical structure. There is also a keyboard for industrial computers, which is only suitable for special occasions because it is completely sealed by touching the membrane keys.
The shape of keyboard can be divided into standard keyboard and ergonomic keyboard. The ergonomic keyboard separates the left-hand keypad and the right-hand keypad designated by fingering from each other on the standard keyboard, and forms a certain angle, so that the operator does not have to consciously clamp the arm and maintain a more natural shape. The keyboard designed by Microsoft Company is named Natural Keyboard. For users who are used to typing blindly, such as letters "G" and "G", it can effectively reduce the false hit rate of left-handed keypad and right-handed keypad. Some ergonomic keyboards also intentionally increase the area of commonly used keys, such as the space bar and enter key, and add a hand guard at the lower part of the keyboard to support the previously suspended wrist and reduce the fatigue caused by the wrist hanging for a long time. These can be regarded as humanized designs.
The shell of the keyboard. At present, the keyboard of desktop PC adopts movable keyboard, which has its own shell as an independent input component. The keyboard panel is made of different plastics according to the grade, and some high-quality keyboards use thicker steel plates at the bottom to increase the texture and rigidity of the keyboard, but this undoubtedly increases the cost, so many cheap keyboards directly adopt the design of plastic base. In order to meet the needs of different users, folding support feet are arranged at the bottom of the keyboard, which can keep the keyboard inclined to a certain extent. Different keyboards can provide single, double or even three-stage angle adjustment.
Keyboard interfaces include AT interface, PS/2 interface and the latest USB interface. Now most desktops use PS/2 interface, and most motherboards provide PS/2 keyboard interface. Older motherboards often provide AT interface, which is commonly known as "big mouth", which is not common now. As a new type of interface, some companies quickly introduced keyboards with USB interface. USB interface is just a selling point, which has little effect on performance improvement. Users who are willing to try and are not nervous about the USB port can choose.
disc drive
The world's first 5.25-inch floppy disk drive was developed by Shugart Associates for IBM's mainframe in 1976. It was later used in IBM's early personal computers. 1980, Sony introduced a 3.5-inch disk. Since the early 1990s, the 3.5-inch floppy disk of 1.44MB has been used as the standard data transmission mode of PC.
Early computers generally used a 5.25-inch floppy drive. There are two main types of 5.25-inch floppy drives. A 5.25-inch double-sided high-density floppy disk (also called 5.25-inch 1.2M floppy disk) can read and write 5.25-inch double-sided high-density floppy disk (1.2M), 5.25-inch double-sided low-density floppy disk (360K) and 5.25-inch single-sided low-density floppy disk (180K). The other is a double-sided low-density floppy drive, the main difference from the former is that it can't read and write 5.25-inch double-sided high-density floppy disk (1.2M). Later, a 3.5-inch double-sided high-density floppy disk (also called 3.5-inch 1.44M floppy disk) was produced, which can read and write 3.5-inch double-sided high-density floppy disk (1.44M) and 3.5-inch single-sided high-density floppy disk (720K). For a long time, computers generally have two floppy drives, namely 5.25-inch 1.2M floppy drive and 3.5-inch 1.44M floppy drive, but now they are only equipped with 3.5-inch 1.44M floppy drive.
Ordinary floppy drives are characterized by small capacity and high cost per unit capacity; Floppy disks are prone to errors and have poor reliability; Slow speed. Notebooks generally use a built-in 3.55 "1.44 MB floppy drive or an external floppy drive.
CD-ROM drive
Optical drive is a common accessory in desktop. With the more and more extensive application of multimedia, CD-ROM has become the standard configuration of many desktop accessories. At present, optical drives can be divided into CD-ROM drives, DVD-ROM drives, COMBO drives and burners.
CD-ROM: Also known as CD-ROM, it is a read-only optical storage medium. It was developed by using the CD-DA (Digital Audio) format originally used for audio CDs.
DVD drive: It is a drive that can read DVD discs. Besides the common formats such as DVD-ROM, DVD-VIDEO, DVD-R and CD-ROM, it should also support CD-R/RW, CD-I, VIDEO-CD, CD-G and so on.
COMBO optical drive: "Kangbao" optical drive is the common name of COMBO optical drive. COMBO optical drive is a multifunctional optical storage product which integrates CD burning, CD-ROM and DVD-ROM.
Recording optical drive: including CD-R, CD-RW and DVD burners, among which DVD burners are divided into DVD+R, DVD-R, DVD+RW, DVD-RW(W stands for erasable) and DVD-RAM. The appearance of a burner is similar to that of an ordinary CD-ROM drive, except that three speeds of writing, copying and reading are usually clearly marked on the front panel.
CD burning speed: CD burning speed refers to the maximum CD-R burning speed supported by this optical storage product. At present, the mainstream built-in CD-RW products on the market can reach the highest recording speed of 52 times, and some products with 40 times and 48 times speed are affected by host performance and other factors in practical work, and there is not much difference in recording speed between them. 52 times the speed, basically close to the limit of CD-RW recorder, it is difficult to improve. The speed of external CD-RW recorders in the market varies greatly, including 8 times speed, 24 times speed, 40 times speed, 48 times speed and 52 times speed. The recording speed of products that generally emphasize portability is generally low. The relatively bulky external CD-RW burner basically maintains a high recording speed, even equal to the built-in one.
DVD recording speed: At present, the highest recording speed that DVD recorders on the market can achieve is 16 times. For the recording speed of 2 ~ 4 times, the data transmitted per second is 2.76 m ~ 5.52 MB, and it takes about 15 ~ 27 minutes to record a 4.7GB DVD. However, it only takes 7 to 8 minutes to burn at 8 times speed, which is only a little slower than the speed of burning a CD-R, but considering the amount of data burned, the recording speed at 8 times speed has reached a very high level. The speed of DVD burning is the primary factor in buying DVD burners. If you have enough money, choose a high-speed DVD burner as much as possible.
Optical disc reading speed: The maximum optical disc reading speed refers to the maximum optical drive speed that optical storage products can achieve when reading optical discs. Because it is aimed at CD-ROM, it is twice as fast as the nominal CD-ROM, not DVD-ROM. At present, the maximum disk reading speed that the optical drive can achieve is 56 times; The speed of DVD-ROM reading optical discs is slightly lower, and few products reach 52 times the speed, most of which are 48 times the speed; COMBO products have basically reached 52 times the speed.
Theoretically, the data transmission rate of 50 times speed CD-ROM drive should be: 150× 50 = 7500 kilobytes/second. In fact, the speed difference between optical drive and optical drive is not very important. This is because it is no longer a burden to the computer system. Moreover, at present, the nominal value of high-speed optical drive is only the highest speed of reading the outer ring under ideal conditions, and it is generally 24 speeds in practical application. Therefore, whether it is a 36-speed, 40-speed or 50-speed optical drive, there is not much difference in subjective feelings during actual use.
DVD reading speed: The maximum DVD reading speed refers to the maximum driving speed that optical storage products can achieve when reading DVD-ROM discs. This speed is defined by multiplying the DVD-ROM by the speed. At present, the maximum DVD reading speed of DVD-ROM drive is 16 times; The maximum DVD reading speed that a DVD recorder can achieve is 12 times speed, and it is believed that the product with 16 times speed will be launched soon. At present, the maximum DVD reading speed supported by COMBO products in shopping malls mainly includes 8 times speed and 16 times speed.
CD copy speed: CD copy speed refers to the maximum speed at which the recorder can erase data and burn new data when recording a CD-RW disc with data. Faster CD-RW burners can copy CD-RW discs at 32 times the speed. Although DVD burners also support writing CD-RW discs, the general CD copying speed is slightly lower than that of CD-RW burners, and only a few products can reach 32 times the speed. COMBO products also have a good performance in CD-RW replication. Now all products on the market can basically reach the level of 24 times the speed, and some products have reached 32 times the speed.
DVD copy speed: DVD copy speed refers to the maximum recording speed at which a DVD recorder can erase data and record new data when recording a DVD with corresponding specifications and storing data on the disc. At present, the maximum DVD copying speed of various DVD recorders is four times, which is about 5.4MB/s per second.
director
Desktop computers usually use CRT monitors and LCD monitors:
Generally speaking, CRT displays are now divided into spherical picture tubes and flat picture tubes. The so-called spherical surface means that the cross section of the picture tube is a spherical surface, and the picture tube is curved in both horizontal and vertical directions. Flat picture tubes are completely flat in both horizontal and vertical directions, and the distortion will be smaller than that of bulb tubes. Now the real tube display has disappeared, replaced by a "flat right angle" picture tube. In fact, the flat right-angle picture tube is not a real plane, but the curvature of the picture tube is a little smaller than that of the bulb tube, close to the plane, and all four corners are right angles. At present, in addition to flat panel displays and liquid crystal displays, there are all such tube displays on the market. Because of its low price, it is widely used in low-end models.
At present, LCD liquid crystal displays are mostly TFT liquid crystal displays.
The size of CRT display refers to the diagonal size of CRT. The maximum visible area is the maximum range in which the display can display graphics. The size of a picture tube is usually measured by the diagonal length, and the unit is inches (1 inch =2.54cm). Common ones are 15 inch, 17 inch, 19 inch, 20 inch, etc. The display area will be smaller than the size of the display tube. The display area is expressed by the product of length and height, and usually people also express it by the diagonal length of the visible part of the screen. The visual range of 15 inch display is about 13.8 inch, the visual area of 17 inch display is mostly between 15 and 16 inch, and the visual area of 19 inch display is about 18 inch.
The size of the LCD refers to the diagonal size of the LCD panel, with the unit of inches (1 inch =2.54cm). At present, the mainstream ones are 15 inch, 17 inch, 19 inch and so on.
fan
Fan noise is the noise generated when the fan is working, which is influenced by many factors, and the unit is decibel (dB). When measuring the noise of the fan, it needs to be carried out in an anechoic room with the noise less than 17dB, one meter away from the fan, aligned with the air inlet of the fan along the direction of the rotating shaft of the fan, and measured by A-weighted method.
The frequency spectrum characteristics of fan noise are also very important, so it is necessary to record the frequency distribution of fan noise with a spectrometer. Generally, the noise of the fan is required to be as small as possible, and there can be no abnormal sound.
Fan speed refers to the number of times the fan page rotates per minute, and the unit is rpm. The fan speed is determined by the number of turns of the coil in the motor, working voltage, number of blades, inclination angle, height, diameter and bearing system. When the fan structure is fixed, the rotational speed of the DC fan (that is, the fan using DC power) changes synchronously with the change of working voltage. The rotation speed of the fan can be measured by internal rotation speed signal or external measurement (external measurement is to see how fast the rotation speed of the fan is with other instruments, and internal measurement can be seen directly in the BIOS or through software). The internal measurement error is relatively large).
There is no necessary relationship between fan speed and heat dissipation capacity. The higher the fan speed, the louder the noise. If the air volume is similar when purchasing radiator products, you can choose a fan with lower speed, which will be quieter when using.
Air volume refers to the total amount of air sent or inhaled by air-cooled radiator fans per minute. If calculated in cubic feet, the unit is CFM；; ; If calculated in cubic meters, it is CMM, and the air volume unit commonly used for radiator products is CFM.
mainboard
The common motherboard is ATX motherboard. It is made of printed circuit board (PCB). It is made on insulating material by electronic printing process. There are mainly four-layer boards and six-layer boards in the market. There are four common boards. The motherboard designed with 6-layer PCB is not easy to deform and its stability is greatly improved.
The parts on the motherboard look dazzling, but they are all arranged in a well-organized way. Mainly includes a CPU socket; North bridge chip, south bridge chip, BIOS chip and other three chips; Front-end system bus FSB, memory bus, graphic bus AGP, data exchange bus HUB, peripheral bus PCI, etc. There are seven interfaces: FDD, USB and IDE.
First, the main chips on the motherboard
1, the north bridge chip MCH is a memory control chip on the left side of the CPU socket, also called the north bridge chip, and generally has an aluminum heat sink on it. The main functions of Northbridge chip are data transmission and signal control. On the one hand, it exchanges signals with CPU through the front-end bus, on the other hand, it exchanges signals with memory, AGP and South Bridge.
2. South Bridge Chip ICH4 South Bridge Chip is mainly responsible for data processing and transmission of external devices. There were ICH 1, ICH2, ICH3 before ICH4, but it didn't support USB2.0. While ICH4 supported USB2.0, it was easy to distinguish them: there were 82801ab82801bb82801cb8280/kloc-0 on the South Bridge chip. Most of the phenomena after the South Bridge chip is broken are not bright, and some peripheral devices can't be used, such as IDE port and FDD port, or the South Bridge is broken. Because the chips of the North-South Bridge are expensive and the welding is special, it needs special BGA instruments to take them down, and the North-South Bridge can't be repaired in general maintenance points.
3. The 3.BIOS chip FWH solidifies some direct hardware information in the read-only memory. It is an important interface between software and hardware. When the system starts, some hardware information is first called from it, and its performance directly affects the compatibility of system hardware and software. For example, some early motherboards do not support hard disks larger than 20G, which can be solved by upgrading the BIOS. Some problems encountered in daily use that are incompatible with new equipment can also be solved by upgrading. If your motherboard shuts down suddenly and the CPU fan is still running, then you should first consider whether the BIOS chip is damaged.
4. The system clock generator CLK has a crystal oscillator in the middle of the motherboard, which will generate a series of high-frequency pulse waves. These original pulse waves are input into the clock generator chip, shaped and divided, and then distributed to various frequencies needed by the computer.
5. Super I/O interface chip I/O is generally located at the lower left or upper left of the motherboard. The main chips are Winbond and ITE, which are responsible for converting serial data of keyboard, mouse and serial port into parallel data. At the same time, the data of parallel port and floppy drive port are also processed. In our maintenance site, some peripherals, such as keyboard and mouse ports, printer ports, etc., can't be used, most of which are I/O chips, and sometimes even cause the phenomenon of not lighting up.
6. Sound card chip Because most motherboards now have integrated sound cards, and most of them are AC'97 sound card chips. Of course, there is CMI's 8738 sound card chip. If your integrated sound card has no sound, it is most likely that it is broken here.
Second, the main socket on the motherboard
1, CPU socket At present, all motherboards adopt socket series zero-pull sockets. Socket370 socket was used in P3 in the early days, now socket478 socket is used in P4, and socket423 socket is also used in P4 in the early days. Intel's server CPU, such as Xeon, uses socket603 socket.
2. Memory bus sockets There are three kinds of memory we can see in the market: SDRAM, DDR SDRAM and RAMBUS. Due to the price reduction of DDR memory, SDRAM memory gradually faded out of the market. It uses 168 line socket, and there are two anti-blocking fractures in the middle and left side. DDR SDRAM has become the mainstream of the market because of its high cost performance. Using 184 line socket, there is only one anti-reverse plug fracture in the middle; RAMBUS memory performance is good, but the price has been high, and Intel has given up support, so its future is still only suspense! Its socket adopts 184 RIMM socket, and there are two anti-reverse-insertion fractures in the middle.
Some customers have repeatedly reported that the memory on the 845 motherboard is sometimes incomplete. This is because Iintel 845 series motherboards can only support four banks (a bank can be understood as one side of a memory stick). 845 series motherboards generally have three memory slots, and the second slot and the third slot * * * share two banks. Therefore, if the banks inserted in the second and third slots are double-sided 256M, only one 256M can be identified.
3.AGP graphic bus socket It is located on the left side of the CPU socket and is brown. Its frequency is 64 MHz. In terms of speed, it is divided into AGP2X, and now most of them are AGP4X, and some motherboards already support AGP8X. Because different speeds require different voltages, some motherboards don't light up mainly because users plug the old AGP2X graphics card into the new AGP2X motherboard, thus burning out the AGP socket! Thankfully, some new motherboards have integrated automatic voltage regulators on the motherboard, which can automatically identify the voltage of the graphics card.
4. The 4.PCI bus socket is white, next to the AGP socket, which varies with the motherboard. Its frequency is 33 MHz. Insert more network cards, sound cards and other peripherals.
5, IDE device interface It is generally located below the motherboard. There are forty stitches and eighty threads. Two IDE ports are connected together, and sometimes one is green, which means IDE 1. Because the system first detected IDE 1, IDE 1 should be connected to the system boot hard disk. At present, most motherboards already support ATA 100, and some motherboards already support ATA 133, but higher-end motherboards already support serial ATA, which is a new technology with higher transmission speed and will be the mainstream technology of the next generation if the parallel transmission rate cannot be further improved.
display card
The full name of graphics card is display adapter card, and now all graphics cards are 3D graphics accelerator cards. It is an interface card that connects the host and the monitor. Its function is to convert the output information of the host computer into text, graphics, colors and other information, and transmit it to the display for display. The graphics card is inserted into the expansion slots of ISA, PCI and AGP of the motherboard, and the ISA graphics card has been basically eliminated. Now there are also some motherboards with integrated graphics cards.
Power?Supply?
What is the most important part of a computer? I believe that the answer given by most people is either CPU or graphics card. Yes, almost all the performance of the computer is subject to the performance of these two main components. Then after everyone is satisfied with their computer performance, one of the more concerned issues is stability.
When our computer breaks down, most users may lock the CPU, graphics card, motherboard, memory, hard disk and other "common things" for the first time, because after all, the performance of the computer is dominated by them. If the performance can't be exerted, of course, these important performance components will be considered first. However, it never occurred to you that all high-performance computer components actually have the most primitive essence, that is, "electricity" subcomponents. Without electricity, they can't play a role at all. Therefore, the computer is broken, and the quality of power supply is the least concerned.
In essence, the power supply is the most important part of the computer, which is the heart. If the power supply is abnormal, other components can't work normally, and other faults can't be checked. According to statistics, the failure of power supply accounts for the highest proportion in the whole machine, and many failures are often caused by power supply. Therefore, the most basic and important maintenance method for the computer is to first equip it with a power supply with sufficient power, fine workmanship and high quality.
Now is the P4 era, the motherboard has gradually ushered in the climax of 64-bit, and the graphics card world is full of high-end concepts of NV40 and X800, so people say: the current power supply needs high power and sufficient power! As an advocate of real standard power in the power market, Xingu Power has been conveying the concept of "real standard power" in this reform of advocating real standard power, and is committed to providing consumers with high-quality power of real standard power.
internal storage
What is memory? In the structure of a computer, there is a very important part, that is, memory. Memory is a component used to store programs and data. For a computer, only with memory can it have memory function and can it work normally. There are many kinds of memories, which can be divided into main memory and auxiliary memory according to their uses. The main memory is also called internal memory, and the auxiliary memory is also called external memory. External memory is usually magnetic media or optical disk, such as hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic tape, optical disk, etc. Can save information for a long time and does not rely on electricity to save information, but is driven by mechanical parts, which is much slower than CPU. Memory refers to the storage component on the motherboard, which is used by the CPU to communicate directly with it and store data, and stores the data and programs currently in use (that is, being executed). Its physical essence is one or more groups of integrated circuits with data input/output and data storage functions. Memory is only used to temporarily store programs and data. Once there is power failure or power failure, the programs and data in it will be lost.
Since memory is used to store data and programs that are currently in use (that is, being executed), how does it work? What we usually say about computer memory refers to dynamic memory (DRAM). The so-called "dynamic" in dynamic memory means that after we write data into DRAM, the data will be lost after a period of time, so we need additional peripheral circuits to refresh the memory. The specific working process is as follows: whether a memory cell of DRAM stores 0 or 1 depends on whether the capacitor has charge, with charge representing 1 and without charge representing 0. But after a long time, the capacitor representing 1 will discharge, and the capacitor representing 0 will absorb charge, which is the reason for data loss; The refresh operation periodically checks the capacitor. If the power is greater than 1/2 of the full power, it means that 1 is fully charged. If the electric quantity is less than 1/2, it is considered as 0, and the capacitor is discharged to maintain the continuity of data.
Ever since there was a computer, there has been a memory. The development of memory has also undergone many technical improvements, from the earliest DRAM to FPMDRAM, EDODRAM, SDRAM and so on. The speed and capacity of memory have been increasing. What memory does the current server mainly use? At present, servers with IA architecture generally use REG? In the next issue, we will introduce this new memory technology and its unique technical advantages to the server in detail.
cpu
Cpu: abbreviation of center process unit, translated as central processing unit. Also called microprocessor. Refers to a large-scale integrated circuit with the functions of arithmetic unit and controller. Microprocessor plays the most important role in microcomputer. It is the heart of microcomputer, constitutes the control center of the system, and coordinates and controls all components in a unified way.
The CPU usually includes:
The arithmetic logic unit ALU mainly completes arithmetic operations (+,-,× and ÷) and various logical operations (AND, OR, NOT, XOR, shift and comparison). ALU is a combinational circuit and has no function of registering operands, so there must be two registers to store operands: temporary register TMP and accumulator AC. Accumulator not only provides operands to ALU, but also receives the operation results of ALU.
The register array is actually equivalent to the internal RAM of a microprocessor, and it includes two parts: a general register group and a special register group:
General registers (AX, BX, CX, DX) are used to store data, intermediate results or addresses involved in operations, and can generally be used as two 8-bit registers. With these general registers in the processor, it can avoid frequent access to memory, shorten the instruction length and execution time, improve the running speed of the machine and facilitate programming.
Special registers include program counter PC, stack pointer SP and flag register FR, which have fixed functions and are used to store addresses or address base values.
Timing and control logic is the core component of microprocessor, which is responsible for controlling the whole machine, including fetching instructions from memory, analyzing instructions (i.e. instruction decoding), determining instruction operations and operand addresses, fetching operands, executing operations specified by instructions, and sending operation results to memory or I/O port. It also sends corresponding control signals to other parts of the microcomputer, so that the internal and external work of CPU can be coordinated.
network card
Network Interface Card (NIC- NIC) is also called NIA- Network Interface Adapter. It is used to realize the physical connection between networked computers and network cables, provide a physical channel for mutual communication between computers, and carry out high-speed data transmission through this channel. In the local area network, each networked computer needs to install one or more network cards and connect the computer to the network cable system through the media connector. Network card completes most functions of physical layer and data link layer, including physical connection between network card and network cable, media access control (such as CSMA/CD), disassembly and assembly of data frames, sending and receiving of frames, error checking, encoding/decoding of data signals (such as Manchester code conversion), serial-parallel conversion of data, etc.