There are probably the following aspects:
High-end display organic light-emitting diode production equipment vacuum evaporation machine (Japan)
-China's flat panel display has been ranked first in the world, but the gap lies in the upstream core production equipment.
ITO target materials for manufacturing liquid crystal displays (Japan, Korea)
-unstable quality and substandard materials. Only by moving from laboratory to mass production can we break through the field of large size.
Domestic Aviation Steel for Large Aircraft (USA)
-or material problems. The purity of ultra-high strength steel is not enough.
"Heart" Lithium Ion Batteries for New Energy Vehicles (USA, Japan, Korea)
-America is better than R&D and design, Japan is better than material production, and China and South Korea are the second echelon.
Main bearing of full-face tunnel boring machine (Germany, Sweden)
-China has mastered the core technology of main bearing with a diameter of 3 meters, but going out of the laboratory is still restricted by material and process factors.
High-end bearing steel for mechanical equipment (USA, Sweden)
-China's shaft-making technology has reached the advanced level, or the material gap.
Aviation Design Software (France, USA)
-China and foreign countries start at the same time, and the state needs to introduce policies to encourage the development and use of domestic software.
High quality consumer capacitors and resistors (Japan)
-Short board is still made of material. Japanese MLCC products can achieve 1000 layers, and China products have about 300 layers.
Mask aligner (Netherlands, Japan) Mask aligner lens (Germany)
-ASML's lenses are Zeiss technology, German ancestral mirror grinding technology, and polished lenses have accumulated for hundreds of years; Besides the lens, mask aligner also needs top-class light source and extreme mechanical precision (30,000 mechanical parts and more than 200 sensors).
ICLIP (USA), a sharp weapon to discover the potential targets of innovative drugs.
-It is also a scientific experimental technology, a new technology born in 20 10.
Self-developed operating system (USA)
-No country can successfully challenge the United States on the operating systems of PCs and smartphones.
Industrial Robot Algorithms and Software (Japan, Germany, Switzerland)
-The gap is at the bottom of the core algorithm
Laser radar chips necessary for self-driving cars (USA), such as transmitters (Germany)
-Domestic lidar has a maximum of 40 lines, while foreign lidar can achieve 64 lines or even 128 lines. The production process of high resolution chips is not mature.
Aeroengine nacelle (USA, France)
-The engine cabin and complex integrated system are in a blank stage in China.
Cutting head and blade of copying milling cutter for high-speed rail maintenance and shaping (Germany, Austria)
-A superhard alloy material is needed, and China is still in the apprenticeship stage.
Core technology of high-end machine tool manufacturing such as numerical control system (Germany, Japan)
-gaps in science, technology and design of basic materials; In addition to the controller, the main functional components of domestic machine tools, such as screw, guide rail, servo motor, torque motor, motorized spindle and encoder, mainly rely on foreign products.
High-end mobile phone RF components, high-end filters, oscillators and other RF components (USA)
-There is a big gap between semiconductor materials. China's research was done earlier, but there are still many problems in mass production: consistency of materials and uniformity of electrical properties.
Industrial bionic robot tactile sensor (Japan)
-In the production process, the purity of materials is not enough, and the consistency of products is relatively poor; Most domestic enterprises produce gas and temperature sensors.
High-speed (≥25Gbps) optical chips and electronic chips (USA)
-ZTE (38.640, 0.00, 0.00%) optical communication was sanctioned, and low-speed (≤ 10Gbps) optical chips and electrical chips were made in China.
High-end CT machine detector (USA, Netherlands, Germany)
The manufacturing technology and materials of detectors are confidential, and the medical imaging industry has been restricted by American patent barriers.