Centipede, also known as Tianlong, is famous for its many feet. In animal classification, it belongs to Arthropoda, Polypoda, Lipopoda and Centipede. Centipede length12-20cm. As can be seen from the above photos, the centipede has a flat body, a red head and a black back, a forked head and a protruding trunk. 1. There are a pair of collective eyes on both sides of the back of the head, each pair of collective eyes includes several single pieces, and the ventral side of the head has mouthparts, which are the feeding organs of centipedes. The appendages of the head include 1 pair of antennae, 1 pair of jaws and 2 pairs of jaws. The head becomes the center of feeling and eating. 2. The trunk of centipede has 20 segments, and the long and short segments are separated from each other. The appendage of 1 segment is called jaw foot, which is very developed. Its last section is a poisonous claw with a poisonous gland opening at the tip and the end of the claw, which is used to poison small animals as a weapon to resist foreign enemies. 2 ~ 19 segments each have 1 segment appendages, a total of 7 segments, called feet, which are crawling organs of centipedes. Section 20 is the location of the genital foramen, and its appendages are different from other 19 feet, which are called reproductive limbs. It can be seen that the structure of centipede trunk has become the movement center of centipede. 3. Exoskeleton An important feature of centipede body is the exoskeleton with chitin. The piece distributed on the back of each section of the trunk is called the backboard, and the abdomen is the web. The back plate and the web plate are connected by membrane-like thin plates on both sides. Exoskeleton not only has the function of protecting internal organs and preventing evaporation and stimulation of water in the body, but also can complete various actions with the help of attached muscles. The formation of exoskeleton restricts the continued growth and development of centipede body, so centipede will shed its skin during its growth. When the centipede molts, the body secretes a chitinase to dissolve chitin, which is the main component of the exoskeleton, so that the exoskeleton breaks and the whole body is separated from it to form the exoskeleton again. When molting, centipedes use the main pond wall above their heads to break the head plate first, then gradually peel off the synchronized feet from front to back by their own telescopic movement, and finally leave the tail feet. It takes 2 ~ 3 hours to molt each time. The internal structure of centipede is 1. The digestive system consists of digestive tract and digestive glands. Food enters the digestive tract from the mouth, and is absorbed and utilized by centipede through mechanical action and chemical decomposition. The digestive tract is relatively simple, with a straight tube running through the center of the body from the mouth to the anus, and a swollen pharynx behind the mouth. The contraction of the pharynx is conducive to sucking food. The digestive tract after swallowing is divided into three parts: foregut, midgut and hindgut. The foregut and hindgut are shorter, but the midgut is longer. The foregut mainly plays the role of accepting, transporting and preliminarily digesting food. The midgut is the main place for food digestion and absorption, and the hindgut is responsible for the formation of feces, which are transported to the anus of caudate segment for excretion. Digestive glands are a pair of grape-shaped salivary glands, which lead to the foregut through salivary gland ducts. Salivary glands can secrete saliva containing digestive enzymes, which can moisten and preliminarily decompose food. 2. Respiratory system The centipede breathes through the tracheal system. The trachea is an elastic tubular structure formed by invagination of the body wall, and there is a chitin helix on the tube wall, which can support the trachea for gas circulation. The trachea has many branches, which are distributed between cells and tissues in the body wall. The trachea has an opening on both sides of the body that communicates with the outside world-a valve, which is a trap left by the trachea. The centipede * * * has six pairs of stomata, which are located in the 4th, 6th, 9th, 13 and 15 segments respectively, and all other segments are degraded, leaving only traces. The valve is connected with the opening and closing device, so that the valve can be opened and closed, the air can pass in and out unimpeded, and the evaporation of water in the body and the invasion of foreign objects can be prevented when it is closed. 3. Circulation system The circulation system of centipede is open-tube circulation, but it is relatively developed. The tubular heart runs through the trunk, is wrapped by pericardium, enters the head artery from back to front, and leads to various organs of the head. In addition to the advancing dorsal blood vessels, there are a pair of lateral arteries around the digestive tract, which join the nerve blood vessels on the ventral side of the digestive tract, and these blood vessels branch into the blood cavity. In addition, except for the terminal segment, each segment of centipede has a pair of heart holes, which are the openings for blood to enter the heart from the blood sinus. 4. Excretion system The excretory trachea of centipede is Markov tube. It is a blind tube without branches, inserted at the junction of midgut and hindgut. The blind end of the malpighian duct is free in the blood cavity, which absorbs the waste produced by metabolism from the blood, sends it to the hindgut, re-absorbs water through the hindgut, and then discharges it from the anus together with feces. 5. nervous system the nervous system of centipede is similar to that of earthworm and belongs to chain nervous system. Including 1 brain ganglion, distributed from nerve to antenna and eye. There are two nerves connected to the lower esophageal ganglion, and the lower esophageal ganglion has nerves connected to the maxilla, two pairs of mandibles and jaws. Then each segment has two descending abdominal nerve cords and a pair of ganglia. With the healing of all segments of the body, the ganglia also heal, and each pair of ganglia sends nerves to all segments of the body to regulate the activities of the body. 6. Androgyny of centipede in reproductive system. The gonads of centipede reproductive system are all on the back of digestive tract, which are single ovary or testis. They are divided into one reproductive canal, that is, fallopian tube or vas deferens, and then divided into two, which go down the digestive tract and lead to male and female reproductive holes respectively. In addition, there are two pairs of accessory gonads leading to the end of the reproductive duct. The female centipede has two seminal vesicles, and the male centipede has two seminal vesicles, both of which lead to the ends of fallopian tubes and vas deferens. The female centipede fills the body cavity when the egg matures, and the mother before delivery stores the sperm in the seminal vesicle, so that the fully mature egg combines with the sperm during ovulation and becomes a fertilized egg. The life habit of centipede is 1. They like to live in groups, are timid and afraid of being frightened. Centipedes in the same group can live in harmony and rarely fight with each other. If the habitat is too small and there are too many centipedes, the old centipede will automatically walk away and find another habitat. However, the centipede is timid and afraid of being scared. If they are slightly frightened, they will stop eating, run away or curl up. The centipede that is laying eggs will stop laying eggs immediately, while the centipede that is hatching eggs will eat abnormally after being frightened. Therefore, the place where centipedes are artificially raised must choose a quiet environment, and the breeding place should be kept as quiet as possible to reduce unnecessary shock and interference to centipedes and affect the normal growth activities of centipedes. 2. Like dark and damp, but afraid of light and waterlogging, most wild centipedes inhabit hillsides, fields, roadsides, overgrown places, or between woodpiles and roofs, and often inhabit dark corners such as kitchen corners. Scolope tracks are also common under the tiles around pig houses and chicken houses. 3. Live in the nest during the day, climb out at night, feed and mate at 8: 00 p.m. 12 p.m., usually go back to the nest to rest before 4: 00 a.m., and it is difficult to see centipedes after dawn. Centipede's eyesight is very poor, and it is difficult to see things a little farther away, so it is difficult to feed and defend the enemy. It only relies on a pair of slender tentacles to find its way. At night, you have to rely on tentacles to find food. 4. The habit of licking centipedes often licks its tentacles and feet. There are dense hairs on the first jaw stump and basal ganglia, brush bristles on the back of the second jaw stump, and saliva in the mouth. This habit can eliminate the invasion of small animals, bacteria and fungi parasitic on centipedes, which is a manifestation of defense against diseases. The centipede's habit of licking eggs is also manifested in licking eggs, and the female centipede holding eggs will lick eggs, so as to keep the eggs clean, prevent the harm of mold and ensure that the eggs can hatch the little centipede normally. Medicinal value of centipede. Toxic. Liver meridian. Efficacy: calming wind, relieving spasm, attacking toxin, dispersing stagnation, dredging collaterals and relieving pain. 9o%j, 9o%j for Mu Bai medicine, Mu Bai medicine 1. Used for spasms and convulsions. Centipede is warm, easy to escape, and accessible inside and outside. It has stronger function of extinguishing wind, searching wind and dredging collaterals than scorpion. It is often used to treat spasms and convulsions caused by various reasons, such as Jiejing Powder. With proper compatibility, it can also be used for acute and slow convulsion, tetanus, and mouth and eye deviation of meridians in wind. 9o%j, Mu Bai Pharmaceutical II. Used for sores, swelling and tuberculosis. This product fights poison with poison, Xin San. This product is mixed with realgar and pig bile to make ointment, which is suitable for external application of malignant sores and swollen toxins. For example, Parsan is fine powder mixed with tea for the treatment of lymphoid tuberculosis ulcer; If this product is baked yellow, ground into fine powder, taken with boiling water, or used together with Coptidis Rhizoma, Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and Glycyrrhrizae Radix, it can also treat snakebite. 9o%j, Mu Bai Pharmaceutical 3. Used for rheumatism. This product also has the function of dredging collaterals and relieving pain similar to scorpion, and can be used together with wind-expelling, dampness-removing and collateral-dredging drugs such as Radix Saposhnikoviae, Radix Angelicae Pubescentis and Radix Clematidis. 9o%j, Mu Bai Pharmaceutical 4. Used for intractable headache. This product can be used together with Rhizoma Gastrodiae, Rhizoma Chuanxiong and Bombyx Batryticatus to treat intractable or abnormal headache. 9o%j, intention to use medicine in Mu Bai 9o%j, Mu Bai medicinal decoction, 1 ~ 3g. Grinding and swallowing, 0.6 ~ 1g each time. Appropriate amount for external use. 9o%j, please pay attention to 9o%j when using Mu Baiyao. Mu Baiyao is toxic, so the dosage should not be too large. Pregnant women should not take it. 9o%j, Mu Bai Pharmaceutical Preparation: 9o%j, Mu Bai Pharmaceutical 1. Classic: "Dare to kill snake, insect and fish poison ... kill three insects." 9o%j, Bielu, Mu Bai Medicine: "Indications for cold and heat accumulation, miscarriage prevention, and elimination of pathogenic blood." 9o%j, Compendium of Mu Bai Medical Materia Medica: "Treating infantile convulsion, wind shock, umbilical cord spasm, erysipelas, alopecia, scrofula, fecal poisoning, hemorrhoids, snake bite and snake injury." 9o%j, Mu Bai Pharmaceutical II. This product contains two toxic components similar to bee venom, namely histamine-like substance and hemolytic protein. In addition, it also contains fatty oil, cholesterol, formic acid and amino acids such as histidine, arginine and leucine. Scolopendra has antagonistic effect on convulsion induced by pentylenetetrazol, pure nicotine and strychnine in mice. The water-soluble extract of Wu has inhibitory effects on Mycobacterium tuberculosis and various skin fungi to varying degrees. Centipede leech injection can inhibit tumor cells and enhance the function of reticuloendothelial cells.

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