1.A type questions: 1 ~ 120 questions. 1 ~ 90 questions, each question 1.5 points; 9 1 ~ 120, 2 points for each item, *** 195 points.
1. In the following physiological function activities, the regulation mainly completed by body fluids is
A limb begins to move autonomously.
Excessive sweating will lead to a decrease in urine output.
C food intake leads to saliva secretion.
Close your eyes caused by dust flying into your eyes.
2. When the cell membrane is depolarized and repolarized, the transmembrane transport mode of related ions is as follows.
A promotes diffusion through the carrier.
B. Main active transportation
secondary active transport
D Through the channel facilitated diffusion.
3. Under the following conditions, the duration of action potential of nerve cells is obviously prolonged.
Part a blocks sodium channels.
B increases the threshold potential of cell membrane.
Reduce the intensity of stimulation.
Partial blockade of potassium channels
4. Under the following circumstances, what can increase the osmotic fragility of red blood cells is
Increased crystal osmotic pressure
B. the surface area/volume ratio of red blood cells decreased.
The phospholipid/cholesterol ratio of erythrocyte membrane increased.
Colloid osmotic pressure in plasma decreased.
5. The composition of prothrombinase complex is as follows
6. The reason for the decrease of ejection fraction in patients with compensatory cardiac insufficiency is that
Reduced stroke output
Abnormal enlargement of ventricular cavity
Cardiomyocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy
The output per minute drops.
7. The most important factor affecting blood flow resistance is
Vascular caliber
Blood flow pattern
Blood flow velocity
blood viscosity
8. In patients with pulmonary fibrosis, the test results of forced expiratory volume (FEV 1 sec) are as follows
A FEV 1 decreases, FVC is basically unchanged, and FEV 1/FVC decreases.
B FEV 1 is basically unchanged, FVC decreases, and FEV 1/FVC increases.
C FEV 1 and FVC all decreased, while FEV 1/FVC remained basically unchanged.
D FEV 1 and FVC increased, but FEV 1/FVC remained basically unchanged.
9. People in plateau area, when the oxygen partial pressure of inhaled gas is greater than 60mmHg, the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin is
60%~69%
B 70%~79%
C 80%~89%
D 90%~99%
10. The changes of respiratory movement after bilateral cervical vagotomy in rabbits are as follows
The breathing amplitude decreases and the frequency slows down.
B the breathing amplitude increases and the frequency increases.
Breathing amplitude decreases and frequency increases.
The breathing amplitude increases and the frequency slows down.
1 1. The sensory relaxation innervation caused by eating is
Sympathetic cholinergic fiber
Vagal cholinergic fiber
Vagal peptidergic fiber
Sympathetic adrenergic fiber
12. In the process of digesting fat by pancreatic lipase, the function of auxiliary lipase is
A converts pancreatic lipase into pancreatic lipase.
B prevents pancreatic lipase from being removed from the surface of lipid droplets.
C promotes pancreatic cells to secrete a large amount of pancreatic lipase.
Improve the speed of pancreatic lipase hydrolysis of fat.
13. The following substances are mainly absorbed in the ileum
14. The following statement about the normal change of body temperature is correct.
The daily variation of body temperature can exceed 65438 0℃
B The average questioning rate of adult women is 0.3℃ higher than that of men.
C the basal body temperature of women of childbearing age is the day of ovulation.
D Generally, the body temperature of adults is higher than that of children.
15. The main structure of the glomerular filtration membrane that acts as a mechanical barrier is
Capillary endothelial cell
B epithelial cells in visceral layer of renal capsule
C. split membrane of podocyte foot process in visceral layer of renal capsule
Subcutaneous basement membrane of capillary
16. The following description of renal proximal tubule secretion is correct.
17. The reason for the increase in urine volume when a small amount of high concentration glucose is injected intravenously is
Increased glomerular filtration rate
Colloid osmotic pressure in plasma decreased.
Increased renal blood flow
The solute concentration in renal tubular fluid increased.
18. When designing an eye chart, the standard for judging the visual acuity of human eyes is
The size of an object that can be clearly seen by the human eye.
Minimum clear image size in fovea.
Minimum clear image size outside the central concave
D the distance that the human eye can see clearly.
19. The general characteristics of electrical synaptic transmission are
One-way, low resistance, fast
B unidirectional, high resistance, slow speed.
Bidirectional, low resistance, fast
Bidirectional, high resistance, low speed
20. Positive babinski's sign indicates that the lateral cortical tract injury is
The baby woke up.
B adults are asleep.
Adults are under anesthesia.
Lord d is awake.
2 1. In the synthesis of thyroid hormone, the process that does not need the catalysis of thyroid peroxidase is as follows
Hair follicle polyiodide
Activation of b iodine
C tyrosine iodination
D- iodotyrosine condensation
22. When the body encounters an emergency change in environmental factors, the system of immediate mobilization is
Vagus nerve-islet system
Sympathetic adrenal medulla system
Hypothalamus-neurohypophysis system
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
23. The hormone that inhibits insulin secretion by paracrine is
A gastric inhibitory peptide
adrenaline
Somatostatin c
glucagon
24. The physiological effect of progesterone on uterus is
A promotes endometrial thickening and secretion.
Improve the excitability of uterine smooth muscle
Increase the sensitivity of uterine muscles to oxytocin
D promotes the secretion of cervical mucus.
25. Make the PH of serum albumin (pI is 4.7) positively charged solution as follows
4.0 points
B 5.0
C 6.0
D 7.0
26. A nucleic acid capable of degrading mRNA expressed by an exogenous invasion gene is
A snRNA
B hnRNA
siRNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
27. Enzyme kinetics is characterized by performance.
This value is unchanged,
Reduce, its inhibitory effect belongs to
competitive inhibition
noncompetitive inhibition
Anti-competitive inhibition
Irreversible inhibition
28. Among the following vitamins, the derivatives involved in the formation of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex are
pyridoxal5 phosphatemonohydrate
biotin
C also counts
D pantothenic acid
29. The main metabolic pathways to provide NADPH in vivo are
glycolytic pathway
Pentose phosphate pathway.
Aerobic oxidation of carbon sugar
gluconeogenesis
30. Among the following phospholipids, those that need to be methylated during anabolism are
phosphatidyl ethanolamine
phosphatidylcholine
phosphatidylserine
D phosphatidic acid
3 1. Lipoprotein that can be swallowed and cleared by macrophages and vascular endothelial cells is
low density lipoprotein
B VLDL
C cm
DHDL
32. In the presence of oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor rotenone, the ATP number produced by 1 molecule succinic acid through respiratory chain transfer is as follows
A zero
B 1
C 1.5
D 2.5
33. In the process of urea production, amino acids that directly provide amino groups are
Aspartic acid
B glutamic acid
C arginine
ornithine
34. When purine nucleotides are synthesized de novo, the first nucleotide intermediate is
referee
B GMP
C amplifier
D IMP
35. The factors that maintain the fidelity of DNA replication are
Degeneracy of passwords
SOS repair of B DNA
Nucleic acid exonuclease activity of C DNA polymerase
D-aminoacyl tRNA synthetase is highly specific for amino acids.
36. The consensus sequence of the upstream-10 region of the transcription start point of prokaryotes is as follows
Pribnow box
B GC box
UAA
Datat
37, sickle cell anemia patients with hemoglobin β gene chain CTC into CAC, this mutation is
frameshift mutation
B missense mutation
C nonsense mutation
silent mutation
38. Lactose operon in prokaryotes is regulated by CAP, and the molecules that bind and activate CAP are
Inhibitory protein
B RNA polymerase
C camp
D cGMP
39, the following protein, belongs to the small G protein is
A heterotrimeric G protein
B Grb2
C. mitogen-activated protein kinase
D. Lars
40. The main metabolic pathway of cholesterol in the body is
A. synthesizing primary bile acids
B. Directly excreted from the body
C. conversion to steroid hormones
D. precursors converted into vitamin D3
4 1. Male, 25 years old. Suffering from acute erosive gastritis, after being cured by treatment, the mucosal erosion of the original stomach body is manifested as follows
Normal gastric mucosa
Metaplasia of pyloric gland
Intestinal metaplasia
Thickening of surface glands
42. The hepatitis virus that does not cause chronic hepatitis is
A HAV
HBV
Hepatitis C virus
High definition digital TV
43. When severely burned, the main mechanism leading to the increase of vascular permeability is
Endothelial cell permeability increased.
B. direct injury of endothelial cells
Leukocyte-mediated endothelial cell injury
High permeability of new capillaries
44. The following lesions may lead to gangrene
Massive necrosis of liver
Splenic infarction
cerebral infarction
intussusception
45. When using positive pressure intravenous infusion, possible embolism is
thromboembolism
aeroembolism
Tumor embolism
fat embolism
46. The following lesions belong to carcinoma in situ.
Submucosal carcinoma of large intestine
Esophageal submucosal carcinoma
Intraductal carcinoma of breast
Gastric cancer
47. Bilateral ovarian enlargement, biopsy found cancer cells, first consider where the cancer cells come from.
ovary
B intestine
C stomach
womb
48. Ashoff cells in rheumatic nodules are derived from
fibroblast
B B lymphocyte
macrophage
D T lymphocyte
49. The characteristic cells of synovial infiltration in rheumatoid arthritis are
Neutrophil
B macrophage
Plasma cells and lymphocytes
eosinophilic granulocyte
50. The main cells of early atherosclerotic lesions are
Endothelial cell
Foam battery
fibroblast
Smooth muscle cell
5 1 among the following tumor types, bronchioloalveolar carcinoma belongs to
Small cell carcinoma
B squamous cell carcinoma
C adenocarcinoma
Large cell carcinoma
52. The pathological manifestations of peritracheal emphysema are as follows
A respiratory bronchiectasis in which the surrounding alveoli dilate.
B respiratory bronchiectasis, peripheral alveolar dilatation is not obvious.
Clusters of small bubbles appeared in alveolar septa.
Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveolar sacs dilate.
Among the following options, those that meet the immunophenotype of NK/T cell lymphoma are
CD20
B CD65
C CD 19
D CD56
54 endometrial changes that are not closely related to endometrial cancer are as follows
Simple hyperplasia
atypical hyperplasia
Proliferative endometrium
Complex hyperplasia
55, the prone parts of primary pulmonary tuberculosis are
apex pulmonis
Subclavian region of lung
Lower lobe of lung
D. Lower part of upper lobe and upper part of lower lobe of lung
56, the following pathological types of breast cancer, the lower degree of malignancy is
Invasive ductal carcinoma
encephaloid carcinoma
C tubule carcinoma
Infiltrating lobular carcinoma
57, the following echocardiographic results description, does not support the diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy is
left atrial enlargement
The left ventricle shows segmental motion attenuation.
Left ventricular end diastolic pressure increased
The thickness of posterior wall of left ventricle becomes thinner.
58. Among the following diseases, the reasons for the phenomenon of suppressed breathing may be
Acute pleurisy
Diabetic ketosis
congestive heart failure
bronchial asthma
A 59-year-old man, aged 56, recently had recurrent paroxysmal chest tightness, which radiated from his throat and relieved in about 1 0 minutes. He has a history of hypertension and diabetes, and has been smoking for 35 years. In order to make a definite diagnosis, examination is not recommended.
24 hours dynamic electrocardiogram
Coronary CT
Coronary angiography
Electrocardiogram treadmill load test
A 60-year-old male, 47 years old, was admitted to the hospital because of atrial fibrillation found in physical examination. He usually feels flustered and used to be in good health. He has no history of hypertension, diabetes or hyperthyroidism. Echocardiography showed that the heart structure was normal and the blood lipid was normal. The patient's treatment plan is as follows
clinical observation
Oral beta receptor antagonist
Radiofrequency ablation
D oral aspirin
6 1 male, 53 years old, shortness of breath, palpitation and conscious physical strength decreased obviously after exercise 1 month. Hold my urine occasionally at night. Sitting up and resting can relieve my history of hypertension 1 year. My blood pressure reached 150/90 mmhg. Smoking for 25 years, physical examination: P6, blood pressure: 130/80 mmhg. In supine position, my jugular vein is full, and wet rales can be heard between my lungs. The heart is enlarged to both sides, and the heart rate is 65433.
Rheumatic valve disease
Dilated cardiomyopathy
coronary heart disease
Pericardial effusion
62. The individual characteristics of hypertensive people in China are as follows.
Sensitivity to salt
Hyperglycemia
hyperlipoidemia
Myosin a
B actin
troponin
D tropomyosin
12 1 myofilament with ATPase activity and belonging to molecular motor has the following components.
122 has a binding site, and the myofilament components that can bind to the transverse bridge to cause myofilament slippage are as follows.
Angiotensin a
B vasopressin
Endothelin c
Norepinephrine
123 can be used as sympathetic neurotransmitter or endocrine hormone, and the active substances that can strongly increase arterial blood pressure are
124 generally does not adjust blood pressure frequently, but only releases more when the extracellular fluid is obviously reduced. The humoral factors that play a role in the increase of blood pressure are
Promote growth and energy recovery.
Promote growth and physical recovery.
Promote learning, memory and energy recovery.
Promote learning and physical strength
Physiological significance of 125 slow-wave sleep
126 physiological significance of heterogeneous sleep
Oxidative phosphorylation coupling site of respiratory chain 127
In the respiratory chain of 128, only the electron donor is.
Arginine succinate synthase
Arginine succinate lyase
C adenylate succinate synthase
D IMP dehydrogenase
129 the rate-limiting enzyme after ornithine cycle is started is
130 enzymes involved in purine nucleotide cycle dehydrogenase mechanism are
HMG coenzyme a synthase
HMG coenzyme a reductase
Acetoacetic acid sulfatase
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
13 1 enzymes involved in ketone decomposition
The key to the synthesis of 132 cholesterol is
Ulcer type
B colloid type
Osmotic type
D uplift type
133 histologically, the types of colorectal cancer presenting as mucinous carcinoma are
134 The types of colorectal cancer that are more likely to cause intestinal obstruction are
Focal pulmonary tuberculosis
Infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis
Chronic fibrocavitary pulmonary tuberculosis
Caseous pneumonia
135 inactive pulmonary tuberculosis is
136 severe pulmonary tuberculosis is
pestilence
Syphilis B
diphtheria
AIDS
137, belongs to granulomatous inflammation is
138
anaemia
Heart valve murmur
splenomegaly
D annular erythema
139, the clinical manifestations of subacute infective endocarditis generally do not appear are
140, acute rheumatic fever generally does not appear in the clinical manifestations are
isoniazid
rifampin
C pyrazinamide
ethambutol
14 1 The drugs that act on Mycobacterium tuberculosis A flora are
142 the drugs that act on mycobacterium tuberculosis in group b are
perforate
bleed
pyloric stenosis
cancerate
143 the most common complication of patients with peptic ulcer is
144 the complications of patients with duodenal ulcer are
145, the skin burn of mucosa was not damaged.
146, after removing the blister, the wound was moist, but there was insensitive skin burn.
Posterior urethra
Urethral bulb
Intraperitoneal bladder
Extraperitoneal bladder
147, dysuria occurred after riding across perineum, and blood dripping from urethra was
148, the common site of urinary injury with dysuria after multiple pelvic fractures is
Spinal tuberculosis
Malignant tumor of spine
ankylosing spondylitis
Degenerative osteoarthrosis of spine
149, X-ray showed bone destruction and intervertebral space stenosis, which were common in
150, X-ray shows "bamboo-like" change, which is common in
Three. X-type questions: 15 1 ~ 180 small questions, 2 points for each small question, ***60 points. At least two of the four options given in each question meet the requirements of the topic. Please choose all the answers that meet the requirements of the topic. If you choose more than one, you won't score.
15 1 Among the following substances, ligands that can act on enzyme-linked receptors to realize signal transduction are
insulin
adrenaline
thyroid hormone
atrial natriuretic polypeptide
152 If the following substances are lacking, megaloblastic anemia will be caused.
acid regurgitatio
B folic acid
biotin
Vitamin d b 12
153. The following microcirculation structures are mainly regulated by local metabolites.
arteriole
Posterior b arteriole
Muscles in front of capillaries.
D venule
154. The body fluid factors that can promote the thermogenic activity of the body are as follows
somatotropin
adrenaline
thyroid hormone
glucocorticoid
155. In the following structures, sensorineural deafness will occur after damage.
Osseous chain
Eustachian tube
C screw
Vascular stria
156. The general functional characteristics and significance of parasympathetic nervous system activities are as follows
A its functional activities are relatively limited.
B has inhibitory effect on digestive system activities.
C activity is related to the functional state of effector.
D is beneficial to the recovery of the body and energy accumulation.
157 participates in fatty acids.
Oxidase is
158. You can participate in cutting.
Biological molecules include
159.
The molecules of this pathway are
160. The following are consistent with the characteristics of red blood cell metabolism.
Glucose can be metabolized by 2,3,3-diphosphoglyceric acid.
Glucose can be metabolized through pentose phosphate pathway.
C can carry fatty acids
oxidate
D can synthesize fatty acids from scratch.
16 1. The encoded product belongs to the following growth factor receptor oncogenes.
162. Bile pigments in human body include
biliverdin
Bilirubin b
Urine urobilinogen
bile
163. Macropathological changes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are as follows
Left ventricular wall hypertrophy
Ventricular septal hypertrophy
Mitral valve hypertrophy
Left atrial wall hypertrophy
164. The pathological features of rapid glomerulonephritis observed by electron microscope are as follows.
Type Ⅱ visible electron dense deposit
B glomerular mesangial cell proliferation
C you can see the defect and fracture of basement membrane.
D the foot process of visceral epithelial cells disappeared
165. The naked eye types of gastric cancer are
Mushroom umbrella type
Type b ulcer
Osmotic type
D colloid type
166. The diseases that belong to syphilis are
Hard chancre
syphilide
Spinal tuberculosis
Mucoedema
167. Pathological changes of chronic atrophic gastritis include
Chronic inflammatory cell infiltration of gastric mucosa
Intestinal metaplasia
Squamous metaplasia
Helicobacter pylori positive
168. Respiratory tumors caused by neuroendocrine cells include
Bronchial carcinoid
B adenocarcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Small cell carcinoma
169. For patients with acute chest pain, the clinical manifestations that make sense to distinguish acute myocardial infarction from aortic dissection are as follows.
Duration of pain
B complicated with digestive tract symptoms
Marker of myocardial necrosis
Aortic valve murmur
170. Negative tuberculin test can be found in
tuberculous meningitis
B. Tuberculosis in children
Cancer complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis
Malnutrition complicated with tuberculosis
17 1. Commonly used drugs to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the stomach include
ranitidine
omeprazole
ulcerlmin
clarithromycin
172. The following diseases are uremic renal osteodystrophy.
Fibrocystic osteitis
Osteodystrophy
osteomalacia
osteosclerosis
173. Among the following coagulation factors, defects can lead to APTT prolongation.
Fibrous protein
Prothrombin b
Coagulation factor VII
Coagulation factor x
174. The clinical manifestations of the cardiovascular system of pheochromocytoma are as follows.
Intermittent hypertension
Persistent hypertension
orthostatic hypotension
D shock
175. Female, 28 years old. Car accident injured the right chest 1 hour. Physical examination: P96/ min, R24/ min, BP 140/95mmHg. There is no abnormal respiratory movement in the right chest, local swelling and tenderness are obvious, and the breathing sound in the right lung is reduced. The X-ray chest film shows the fracture of the back end of the 8th and 9th ribs on the right side, and the correct treatment is as follows.
Abdominal ultrasound
Sedation and analgesia
Traction fixation
Chest strap fixation
176. The indications for total parenteral nutrition are
Short bowel syndrome
External colonic fistula
Severe pancreatitis
Drinking water and coughing after hyperthyroidism operation
177. Among the risk factors of female breast cancer, the factors with evidence-based medical evidence include
Primiparous women are over 35 years old.
Early menarche
fat
Simple mammary gland hyperplasia
178. The following lines belong to Calot triangle.
The lower margin of the liver
biliary pore
C. Common hepatic duct
ductus cysticus
179. The clinical manifestations of thoracolumbar fractures include
Deformity, hunchback and physiological curvature disappear.
B dysfunction
Abnormal activity and bone rubbing sound
180, causes of sciatica caused by lumbar disc herniation
The inner layer of annulus fibrosus A is stimulated by protruding medulla.
The ruptured intervertebral disc tissue produces chemical stimulation.
Autoimmune response leads to inflammation of nerve roots.
Compression nerve root ischemia