1608 One day in June, Galileo heard that a Dutchman put a convex mirror and a concave mirror together to make a toy, which could enlarge what he saw. That night, Galileo sat at his desk and lit one candle after another. He pondered and wondered why two such shots could be enlarged together. At dawn, Galileo decided to make one himself.
He found an empty pipe with a convex mirror embedded in one end and a concave mirror embedded in the other end, and a small telescope was made. When you pick it up, you can enlarge the original object three times. Galileo was not satisfied, so he further improved and made another one.
He ran to the seaside with this telescope, only to see the vast sea rolling and there was no boat. When he picked up the telescope and looked again, a ship was coming to the shore from a distance. Practice has proved that it can be magnified eight times.
Galileo kept improving and manufacturing, and finally, his telescope could enlarge the original 32 times.
One night, the bright moonlight filled the earth, and Galileo picked up his telescope and aimed it at the moon. Gee, the moon is not as smooth and flawless as people say for thousands of years. Like the earth, there are mountains, deep valleys and volcanic cracks!
Second, the free falling body movement
People have long noticed the problem of falling objects from high altitude. Before Galileo, Aristotle's theory in ancient Greece believed that the speed of falling objects was different. Its falling speed is proportional to its weight. The heavier the object, the faster it falls. For example, an object weighing ten kilograms falls ten times as fast as an object weighing one kilogram.
/kloc-for more than 0/700 years, this theory, which violates the laws of nature, has been regarded as the Bible in books and on the platform of schools, and no one dares to doubt it. This is because Aristotle put forward the "geocentric theory", which is in line with the interests of the slave owners and the feudal ruling class. Therefore, Aristotle's other theories are also protected.
Galileo chose the Leaning Tower of Pisa as the testing ground. One day, he took two iron balls with the same size but different weights, a solid iron ball with a weight of 100 kg and a hollow iron ball with a weight of 1 kg, and boarded the leaning tower more than 50 meters high. Under the tower, people came to watch. Everyone talked about it, and some people laughed at him: "This young man must be crazy, let him fool around!" Can Aristotle's theory be wrong? "
I saw Galileo appear at the top of the tower, holding an iron ball in each hand and shouting, "The people below see clearly, the iron ball has fallen." He opened his hands at the same time. People saw two iron balls falling in parallel and falling to the ground almost at the same time. Those who scoffed at him were dumbfounded.
Third, the law of universal gravitation.
Newton was alone in the orchard at home. Because he walked and thought, he accidentally bumped into an apple tree in the garden. At this moment, an apple just hit Newton's head. Newton suddenly woke up from the problem and picked up the apple. At this time, he fell into another problem: why did the apple fall to the ground instead of floating in the sky? Finally, Newton put forward a universal law of the simplest phenomenon: gravity.
One day, the nanny wanted to go out. Before leaving, she told Newton, "I have something to do. I'm going out first. I'm hungry, boiled eggs. I have boiled the water. " The nanny came back to find Newton cooking a pocket watch. On the other hand, Newton is studying inventions. This story tells us not to get too involved in one thing, but to stop when it is time.
Fourth, the story of Watt.
/kloc-in the middle of the 0/8th century, there was a professor named Reid at the University of Glasgow in England. One night, he sent Watt to his office and said to Watt, "I know you are a clever mechanic, and I want to ask you a favor."
Watt said, "What can I do for you?"
Professor Reed said, "One of my machine drawings was stolen. But it is very difficult to build this machine according to the drawings. Whoever steals the drawings will definitely come to you for help. If that man comes to see you, please be sure to tell me. "
Just then, a young assistant of the professor came in with a kettle and made each of them a cup of coffee. The assistant put the kettle on the stove, closed the door and went out. The professor stood up, went to the door and locked it.
The professor and Watt are talking about the professor's paintings over coffee. Gradually, Watt felt dizzy. He estimated that there was something wrong with the coffee. He just felt weak and fell asleep.
When Watt woke up, it was the second day. He opened his eyes and found that Professor Risd was dead. The professor has a 5 cm long needle with a cork around his neck. Watt propped himself up to open the door, only to find that the door was locked and the key was on the professor. Watt recalled what happened last night and suspected that it was the assistant.
But the assistant went out and never came in. Who stuck the needle in the professor's neck? He stared at the poisonous needle and cork around the professor's neck for a long time, and finally realized that when water vapor expands, its pressure is nearly a thousand times greater than that of water.
When the assistant put the kettle on the stove, he blocked the cork on the spout with a poisonous needle and pointed the spout at the professor's neck. When the water boils, the pressure of steam increases because the spout is blocked by a cork. Finally, when the steam pressure reaches a certain level, the cork is sprayed out with a poisonous needle and shot at the professor.
When the police arrived, Watt told his thoughts. Detected by the police, the murderer was the professor's assistant. Later, Watt was inspired by steam and invented the steam engine.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) Faraday's story
Faraday 179 1 was born in a blacksmith's family in Newtown, Surrey on September 22nd. 13 years old, working as an apprentice in a bookstore, delivering newspapers and binding books. He has a strong thirst for knowledge and tries to greedily read all the books and materials he has bound from the beginning.
After reading it, I copied down the illustrations and made my reading notes neatly. Using some simple instruments to do experiments according to books, and carefully observing and analyzing the experimental results, I turned my attic into a small laboratory. After eight years in this bookstore, he forgot all about eating and sleeping and studied hungrily. He later recalled this life and said, "I began to look for my philosophy from these books after work."
These two books are helpful to my character. One is the Encyclopedia Britannica, from which I first got the concept of electricity. The other is Mrs. Macy's chemistry dialogue, which gave me the scientific basis for this course. "
Faraday is mainly engaged in the research of electricity, magnetism, magneto-optic and electrochemistry, and has made a series of important discoveries in these fields. After Oster discovered the magnetic effect of current in 1820, Faraday put forward the bold idea of "generating electricity by magnetism" in 182 1 and began a hard exploration.
182 1 September, he found that the electrified wire can rotate around the magnet and the magnet can rotate around the current-carrying conductor, which realized the transformation from electromagnetic outdoor to mechanical outdoor for the first time, thus establishing the laboratory model of the motor.
After numerous experiments failed, the law of electromagnetic induction was finally discovered at 183 1. This epoch-making great discovery has enabled mankind to master the method of mutual transformation between electromagnetic outdoor and mechanical energy and electrical energy, and has become the basis of modern generator, motor and transformer technology.