At present, the main promotion is the Y-shaped pruning of hedge frame, formerly called V-shaped frame. Y-frame combined with "three-belt" pruning technology is a grape frame with fast forming, early fruiting, easy yield, high efficiency, safety and labor saving. Because the fruiting part of the Y-shaped plant is relatively low, it can be manually operated on the chest, so it has great advantages.

Generally, the row spacing of grapes cultivated in Y-frame is (0.6 ~ 1.2) m× (2.8 ~ 3.0) m. ..

Frame structure: main pole height 1 .0 ~1m, column height 1.7m, column top 1.4 ~ 1.6m/long cross arm. Draw 1 steel wire at both ends of the two cross arms, and draw 1.0 ~ 1. 1 steel wire at the height of the main pole. There are 3 layers and 5 steel wires on the whole frame surface.

Y-shaped frame is divided into single-pole double-arm frame and double-pole double-arm frame. Open-field cultivation, especially in cold-proof areas with mulch, is suitable for double-knife and double-arm frame, and single-knife and double-arm frame is suitable for protected cultivation and cold-proof areas without mulch. Protected cultivation can also use parallel bars with both arms. After 8 ~ 10 years of cultivation, the branches and vines are closed and the fruiting parts move outward, which is beneficial to retraction and renewal.

(2) Pruning of grape hedgerow cultivation

(1) shaping and pruning when planting. Choose high quality and strong seedlings. After the single-pole and two-arm Y-frame germinated in the spring of that year, 65,438+0 robust new shoots were selected as the upright main poles. When the seedling height was 65,438+0.0 ~ 65,438+0.65,438+0 m (the first steel wire), the top sprouted two branches (the future arms) before beginning of autumn and after beginning of autumn.

Shaping of double-column and double-arm Y-frame: Planting seedlings in the first year, selecting two strong tips from the ground and fixing them vertically on the first steel wire. When the seedlings grow to the height of 1.3 ~ 1.5 meters, they are topped separately, cut short according to their aging degree in winter, tied horizontally to the first steel wire in the second year, and then become the two arms of the Y-shaped frame.

② Pruning in the second year. Branching thinning: when buds germinate and see inflorescences, 1 ~ 2 fruiting branches are selected for each main vine, and 1 ~ 2 new shoots are left near the base as reserve branches; All other branches have been thinned out. Cutting in winter after defoliation in autumn, leaving the selected preparatory branches, and cutting off all the others.

Twisting tip: The grapes germinate irregularly in greenhouse, most of the top buds germinate first, and the lower buds germinate when they grow to 20 cm. When the first sprouted bud grows to 20 cm, twist the base of the new bud to control its growth potential and promote the growth of the new bud at the base. You don't have to sprain it.

Binding: When the fruiting branch is 40 ~ 50 cm long, tie the new tip to the second iron wire. In that year, the new shoots should be bound and fixed in time, and the spacing between branches should be adjusted evenly (10 ~ 13 cm).

Sparse inflorescence and pinch spike: Sparse quantity is determined according to inflorescence number and inflorescence size in the current year, and 1 inflorescence is left on each bearing branch. The spike tip can be determined according to the inflorescence size. Generally, the spike length should be cut off between 1/5 ~ 1/4.

Picking: when a few grapes bloom in the greenhouse, pick the top buds of the fruiting branches and leave 5 ~ 6 leaves for the vegetative branches. Except for 1 new bud, all the summer buds after enucleation were erased.

Tendrils removal: Tendrils on new buds must be removed in time.

(3) Advantages of Y-shaped frame

① Early formation, early fruiting and high yield. The height of the main pole of the Y-shaped frame is 1.0 ~ 1. 1 m. As long as the Miao Zhuang and root system are good and carefully managed, the skeleton of Y-shaped frame can be basically formed in the first year, and the yield per mu can reach about 1000 kg in the second year, which is 1 year earlier than the traditional hedge frame and shed frame.

(2) Adequate illumination can prevent sunburn and reduce the occurrence of diseases. The light utilization rate of traditional grape trellis and shed trellis is low, while the light utilization rate of Y-shaped trellis is improved by about 40% because of its large light receiving area, so it has high and stable yield. Most of the fruit ears on the hedge frame are exposed to the sun, and the fruit ears are easy to get sunburned, while the Y-shaped frame is not easy to get sunburned because of its self-shading. In addition, the main pole of the Y-shaped frame has a certain height, and the branches are evenly distributed on two planes without overlapping, so it has good ventilation and light transmission, which can reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases and improve the commodity rate and economic benefits.

③ Convenient for mechanical and manual operation. Compared with the traditional hedge frame and shed frame, the Y-shaped frame has wider row spacing, which is convenient for small machinery and manual deep ploughing, weeding and spraying.