Now we need to pay attention to the following points: usually, the diet is light, and foods with high cholesterol and high fat should be avoided; Life should be regular and don't be overworked; Exercise more and avoid sedentary; Drink plenty of water, about 2500 ml a day;

At present, the most effective method to treat gallstones is surgical treatment, which can be divided into two types: 1, cholecystectomy; 2. The new minimally invasive endoscopic operation of "gallbladder-preserving stone removal" can not only remove stones but also preserve gallbladder; The introduction of both is as follows:

(a), (open and laparoscopic) cholecystectomy.

Cholecystectomy, as a method to treat benign gallbladder diseases such as cholecystitis, cholecystolithiasis and gallbladder polyps, has a clinical history of more than 65,438+000 years. With the improvement of people's living standards, the incidence of cholecystitis, cholecystolithiasis and gallbladder polyps has increased significantly. At present, cholecystectomy has been skillfully carried out in county-level and some township hospitals, resulting in an unprecedented increase in cholecystectomy patients. Most clinicians explain to patients: "After cholecystectomy,

Then, the gallbladder is by no means dispensable, but a very important digestive organ and an important part of the digestive system. Cholecystectomy will cause severe damage to human body, causing long-term indigestion, abdominal distension and diarrhea. Many people look bad and are in poor health after cholecystectomy, all because of long-term indigestion. (See Annex 2: Harm of Cholecystectomy for details; Therefore, as long as possible, we must try our best to be courageous;

(2) Gallbladder-preserving lithotomy-the old gallbladder-preserving lithotomy and the new minimally invasive endoscopic lithotomy.

1, the old-fashioned technique of "taking stones while preserving gallbladder"

Without the help of the advanced equipment of choledochoscope, that is, the "blind man" takes stones, the traditional laparotomy is used to cut the gallbladder and take out the stones, and then suture the gallbladder. This method of taking stones with naked eyes leaves a "blind area", which increases the residual rate of stones in gallbladder. Moreover, no other measures were taken to prevent recurrence after operation, so this surgical method has a high recurrence rate, great trauma and slow recovery, and has long been eliminated.

2. A new endoscopic minimally invasive gallbladder-preserving lithotomy.

Oral cholecystography was taken before operation to confirm gallbladder function. Make an incision of about 2cm under the right costal margin, and poke a small incision of about 1cm at the bottom of the gallbladder. After bile emptying, choledochoscope enters the gallbladder through this incision, observes the gallbladder mucosa, and takes out stones through choledochoscope.

According to the situation of gallbladder, we decide whether to expand the cystic duct, and adopt the original "shell plastic surgery" method to change the position of gallbladder and bile drainage to prevent the recurrence of stones caused by cholestasis. Finally, the gallbladder incision and abdominal incision were sutured, and the operation was completed.

After operation, magnetic levitation instrument was used for local physical therapy, and pulsating magnetic field was used to prevent the deposition of charged and iron-containing bile mud and prevent bile from flowing to form stones. According to the condition, drugs such as lowering blood lipid and cholesterol or ursodeoxycholic acid are taken when necessary to change the bile composition after operation and prevent the formation of gallstones.

Attachment 1: Is "Drug Dissolved Stone" reliable?

Most drugs can only temporarily relieve various symptoms of gallstones, such as pain, inflammation and indigestion. It is recognized that the only drug that can dissolve stones in the world is ursodeoxycholic acid, which can only be used to dissolve stones below 0.3cm. Its main disadvantages are:

1, the dissolution effect of stones above 0.5cm is poor, the effect is slow, the course of treatment is long and the cost is expensive;

2. Long-term use of this medicine has strong side effects: serious damage to the liver;

3. Unable to solve the problem of recurrence: the reason for the formation of gallstones is the variation of bile components, which shows that the content of bile acid salt is relatively low and there are too many components such as cholesterol and bilirubin, and bile acid salt is not enough to dissolve too much cholesterol and bilirubin. After a long time, cholesterol and bilirubin gradually precipitate and aggregate into gallstones, but this drug can not solve the root cause of gallstones.

Nowadays, many irregular medical institutions (many of which are self-styled "research institutes") have taken a fancy to the business opportunities, and under the banner of "medicine (Chinese medicine) dissolving stones", it is actually pure fraud. Their medicines don't even have a production license. How do they ensure safety? Not to mention "dissolving stone".

Therefore, I would like to remind patients and friends that even if they buy medicine, they should go to regular hospitals for doctors to prescribe it. Don't believe those advertisements and buy medicine without authorization. Please remember that the drugs you take will cause serious inflammation to your liver, kidneys and other body organs, but these damages are not easy to see at present.

Appendix 2: Hazards of Cholecystectomy

Recent studies have found that cholecystectomy has at least the following adverse effects on the human body:

1, causing indigestion, abdominal distension and diarrhea.

Hepatocytes secrete about 800~ 1200ml bile every day, of which water accounts for 97%. Bile secreted by hepatocytes enters the gallbladder for storage and concentration: due to the strong selective absorption of water and electrolyte in bile by gallbladder mucosa, 90% of the water in bile can be concentrated and stored in the gallbladder for about 30 times after being absorbed by the gallbladder. After eating, especially high-fat food, bile discharged by gallbladder contraction enters the duodenum to participate in digestion under the regulation of vagus nerve and cholecystokinin. If the gallbladder is removed, there is no place for the liver bile to be discharged from the liver at this time, so whether the human body needs it or not, it must be continuously discharged into the intestine. When eating delicious home cooking, you need a lot of bile to help digestion, but at this time there is no "extra bile" in your body, which affects the digestion and absorption of food, especially fat. Results: firstly, it induced fatty diarrhea and fat-soluble vitamin deficiency, and secondly, it led to indigestion, abdominal distension and diarrhea. This is the reason why most patients become thin and yellow in the future after cholecystectomy.

2. Causing alkaline reflux gastritis

After normal people eat, gallbladder contraction condenses bile and enters the intestine in large quantities. This process is regularly synchronized with the secretion and peristalsis of the duodenum of the stomach. After cholecystectomy, bile continues to enter the intestine, lacking the neutralization of food and gastric acid. Bile can accumulate in the duodenum and enter the stomach in reverse, which will increase the PH value in the stomach, multiply bacteria and aggravate the congestion, edema and brittleness of the gastric mucosa. Gastric gland atrophy and ulcer formation. Some people examined the gastric juice of patients 6 months after cholecystectomy, and found that the bile acid content increased obviously, with a minimum increase of 2 times, a maximum increase of 380 times and an average increase of 24 times. Gastric acid secretion was significantly reduced and gastric parietal cells were damaged. Diffuse inflammatory changes were observed under gastroscope.

3. The incidence of choledocholithiasis increased after cholecystectomy.

In the process of treating choledocholithiasis, it can be found that the group with more than 50 cases of cholecystectomy is significantly higher than the group without cholecystectomy, so although gallstones are removed after cholecystectomy, choledocholithiasis is likely to be caused, because before cholecystectomy, gallbladder has the function of concentrating bile, and the solubility of concentrated bile in cholesterol is very high; However, after cholecystectomy, the bile salt pool was obviously reduced, and the bile concentration lost its position. The decrease of bile acid concentration in hepatobiliary duct leads to the decrease of cholesterol solubility, which easily leads to the accumulation of cholesterol and the formation of stones, that is, choledocholithiasis.

The treatment of choledocholithiasis is much more difficult than cholelithiasis.

4. The incidence of colon cancer may increase after cholecystectomy.

In recent years, many scholars have found a phenomenon and doubt, that is, cholecystectomy accounts for a large proportion of colon cancer cases:

1) According to the clinical investigation of European scholars, the risk of colon cancer after cholecystectomy is 45 times higher than that without cholecystectomy.

2) Through the retrospective analysis of 7,000 cases of colon cancer, it was found that 6,000 cases had a history of cholecystectomy, and it was found that the ratio of colorectal cancer to cancer in patients who had undergone cholecystectomy for more than 10 was significantly higher than that in patients who had not undergone cholecystectomy, rising from 2 1.8% to 38.5%.

Why does the incidence of colon cancer increase after cholecystectomy?

This can be explained by secondary cholic acid theory. Secondary cholic acid has carcinogenic or synergistic carcinogenic effects: secondary cholic acid can enhance the mitosis of colonic mucosal cells and easily cause colon cancer. Because the concentration of secondary cholic acid in the proximal colon is high, and the absorption of secondary cholic acid in the right colon is greater than that in the left colon, cancer species are more common in the right colon after cholecystectomy. The main reasons for its pathophysiological changes are:

1) Source of secondary cholic acid: Cholic acid secreted by the hepatobiliary duct is primary cholic acid, which comes into contact with bacteria after entering the intestine and becomes secondary cholic acid.

2) After cholecystectomy, gallbladder function is lost, bile excretion and retention time in the intestine can't be controlled; Therefore, primary cholic acid continuously flows into the intestine for 24 hours and comes into contact with bacteria, producing a large amount of secondary cholic acid, which undoubtedly increases the risk of colon cancer.

In recent years, many European scholars have discovered a phenomenon and doubt that many patients with colon cancer have a history of cholecystectomy. Moehead analyzed 100 patients over 60 who underwent cholecystectomy and 100 patients who did not undergo cholecystectomy, and found that the patients with colon cancer were 12: 3 respectively, which was very surprising. When the gallbladder function is normal, bile is only excreted when eating. On an empty stomach, there is not much bile in the intestine. Obviously, there is little contact between primary cholic acid and bacteria, so the amount of secondary cholic acid is very small. Coupled with the existence of normal gallbladder, there is a lot of Ig in bile, which protects intestinal mucosa from foreign antigens and secondary cholic acid, and of course reduces the possibility of colon cancer. Therefore, it is very reasonable for doctors studying colon cancer in northern Europe to loudly advise not to remove the gallbladder casually.

5, causing liver damage and colon damage.

At present, it has been proved that lithocholic acid is toxic to hepatocytes. However, after cholecystectomy, the secondary cholic acid increases, and the generated lithocholic acid enters the liver and colon through the enterohepatic circulation, which will cause chronic liver injury and colon injury, and colon injury is likely to be an inducement of colon cancer.

6, lead to bile duct injury

As we all know, during cholecystectomy, due to the importance of Calot angle 3 and the adhesion of local tissues, the complications caused by cholecystectomy are inevitable again, with a certain probability (bile duct injury: 0.18 ~ 2.3%); And there is a certain mortality rate (0. 17%), including bile duct injury, hepatic duct injury, vascular injury, gastrointestinal injury and so on. It is particularly worth emphasizing that most cases of bile duct injury are caused by cholecystectomy. According to Huang's statistics, among 2566 cases of common bile duct injury, 1933 cases were caused by cholecystectomy, accounting for 75% of stenosis cases. The complication of bile duct injury is that it is the biggest defect of cholecystectomy. In addition, considering the physiological defects and immune function brought by cholecystectomy, the hasty choice of cholecystectomy should be carefully considered.

7, leading to "post-cholecystectomy syndrome"

The term "post-cholecystectomy syndrome" is a vague concept; With the development of modern imaging diagnosis technology, the diagnosis of residual stones and bile duct injury after biliary tract surgery has been ruled out, but only Oddi sphincter inflammation and dyskinesia after biliary tract surgery can be called "postoperative syndrome", and it is very difficult to treat this syndrome clinically.

Studies have shown that gallbladder plays an important role in the dynamics of biliary system. Gallbladder can hold 30-60cc bile, which can buffer the fluid pressure of biliary tract and maintain the physiological balance of biliary tract pressure. Once the gallbladder is removed, the pressure of biliary system can not be adjusted, which will lead to the dysfunction of Oddi sphincter.

It is impossible for doctors to elaborate on the above consequences caused by cholecystectomy in advance, and it is only described as "possible complications" in the consent form for operation. When serious complications such as biliary tract injury occur, doctors often explain them in a complicated and irresistible situation, which is difficult to judge as a medical accident.

You consulted some doctors, and they all said that cholecystectomy had no effect on people. It's not his turn yet. When asked if they could keep the gallbladder, they all said that it would recur after keeping the gallbladder. In fact, they are talking about the old gallbladder-preserving surgery, and the new gallbladder-preserving surgery is no longer the old method of "taking once" and passively waiting for recurrence. After 5- 10 years, the recurrence rate decreased from 30%-40% to 2%-4% or lower, the immune function was low, and the incidence of colorectal cancer and choledocholithiasis after cholecystectomy was increased, which was far from happening.

Appendix 3: Problems of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Nowadays, many hospitals always bring "laparoscopic minimally invasive cholecystectomy" when promoting cholecystectomy. Strictly speaking, the so-called "minimally invasive surgery" mainly refers to the size of organ function damage, and the size of incision is secondary. Preserving the function of important organs is the standard that can best reflect the significance of minimally invasive surgery. If the gallbladder organ is removed and the gallbladder function is lost, even if the so-called "advanced" laparoscopic technique is used to remove the gallbladder, the incision will be smaller.

In fact, laparoscopy only improved the equipment, but did not change the basic procedures and consequences of cholecystectomy. The incidence of serious complications is higher than that of open surgery. When you think about it, the bile duct injury rate and mortality rate of laparotomy have been about 0.5% under the touch of three-dimensional fingers for a hundred years. Laparoscopic surgery did not change the basic steps (separation, ligation, cutting off cystic duct) and caused iatrogenic injury. How does it change the incidence of complications and death? It can't be compared with gallbladder-preserving surgery. It's all propaganda to occupy the market. In fact, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a cosmetic surgery at the expense of the internal environment. Even if the so-called "advanced" laparoscopic cholecystectomy is adopted, no matter how small the incision is and how fast the recovery is, it is not a minimally invasive operation, but a heavy blow.

Appendix 4: Is the recurrence rate of gallstones high after "taking stones with gallbladder preservation"?

You consulted some doctors, and they all said that cholecystectomy has no effect on people, so it's not his turn. When asked if they can preserve gallbladder, they all said that gallbladder will recur after gallbladder preservation, so it is meaningless to "preserve gallbladder and remove stones".

Today, we have uncovered the secret that the old-fashioned operation of "taking stones while preserving gallbladder" is easy to recur:

1), "Blind people take stones", taking stones with the naked eye without the help of the advanced visual equipment such as choledochoscope, leaving a "blind area", which makes tiny stones unable to be found, increases the residual rate of stones in the gallbladder, and causes gallstones in the gallbladder to be missed;

2) "Take it right away", that is, after the operation, no health care measures are taken to prevent recurrence, and the stones are passively waiting for recurrence.

After uncovering the reasons why the old-fashioned "gallbladder-preserving stone removal" operation is easy to recur, we have taken effective measures in the new-style "gallbladder-preserving stone removal" operation:

1), using the visual equipment of fiber ballistic lens, you can see all the conditions in the gallbladder, so you can take all the stones clean without residual stones;

2) The original method of "shell plastic surgery" was used to change the position of gallbladder and drain bile. Because a large part of gallstones are caused by bile deposition, the probability of gallstones formation will be greatly reduced after changing bile drainage;

3) After operation, local physical therapy was performed by magnetic levitation instrument, and the charged and iron-containing bile mud was prevented from depositing by pulsating magnetic field, so as to prevent bile from flowing and forming stones; According to the condition, drugs such as lowering blood lipid and cholesterol or ursodeoxycholic acid are taken when necessary to change the bile composition after operation and prevent the formation of gallstones.

Due to the above measures taken in the new operation of "taking stones with gallbladder preservation", the recurrence rate of 5- 10 years after operation decreased from 30%-40% to 2%-4% or even lower. Therefore, the problem of high recurrence rate has been successfully overcome by us, and the operation of "preserving gallbladder and removing stones" has become a practical method.

If you want to protect your gallbladder, you should treat it when the gallbladder function is good. Want to know more about gallbladder-preserving surgery, you can search Baidu for "gallbladder-preserving and stone-removing".

Acute cholecystitis and chronic cholecystitis are acute suppurative inflammation of gallbladder. The cause of the disease is that the gallbladder neck or cystic duct is embedded with stones, which makes the gallbladder swell and the concentrated bile inside cannot be discharged. This kind of concentrated bile produces strong chemical stimulation to the gallbladder wall, which is more likely to be complicated with bacterial infection. Due to the invasion of bacteria, the gallbladder wall is edematous and inflamed, which can also cause the blood supply obstacle of the gallbladder wall, thus further aggravating the inflammation of the gallbladder wall.

The incidence of acute cholecystitis is mostly related to satiety, greasy food, fatigue and mental factors, and it often happens suddenly. At the beginning, there was colic in the right upper abdomen, which was paroxysmal and radiated to the right shoulder or chest and back, accompanied by nausea and vomiting. There may be no chills and fever at the initial stage of the disease, but chills and fever may occur when the gallbladder is infected with suppurative infection. Some patients may also have yellow scleral staining in both eyes. When inflammation spreads around the gallbladder, the condition will become more and more serious. The scope is also wider than before. At this time, the right upper abdomen can't be touched, and it hurts even more when you press it hard. Sometimes taking a deep breath, turning over or coughing can aggravate the pain, making the patient bend over and lie still and dare not move. About 65,438+0/3 ~ 65,438+0/2 patients can feel a slightly swollen gallbladder in the right upper abdomen, which looks like an egg, and the pain is aggravated when pressed. Most patients are active and effective. The above symptoms can be gradually relieved, but a few patients, especially elderly patients with arteriosclerosis, may have gallbladder gangrene and perforation. At this time, the patient's abdominal pain is severe, the condition develops rapidly, and symptoms such as dehydration, shock and peritonitis appear, which can be life-threatening in severe cases.

It is generally believed that small gallstones are easy to block the cystic duct and cause acute cholecystitis; However, large stones often have no obvious abdominal colic, which leads to chronic cholecystitis. Chronic cholecystitis refers to chronic inflammation of the gallbladder, and the most common cause of chronic inflammation is stones in the gallbladder. It can be said that almost all patients with gallstones have chronic cholecystitis. Chronic cholecystitis can be the sequela of acute cholecystitis. After the attack of acute cholecystitis, patients will almost inevitably develop into chronic cholecystitis. But in fact, most acute cholecystitis is an acute attack of chronic cholecystitis, and a considerable part of chronic cholecystitis occurs unconsciously, and there has never been a history of acute cholecystitis before.

The clinical manifestations of chronic cholecystitis are atypical and not obvious. There are usually indigestion symptoms such as dull pain in the right upper abdomen, bloating, belching, nausea and anorexia to greasy food. Some patients feel dull pain in the right scapula, right rib or right waist, especially after standing, exercising and cold water bath. The patient has mild tenderness under the costal margin of the right upper abdomen, or feels uncomfortable when pressing. B-ultrasound showed gallbladder contraction.