catalogue
Cultivation methods and matters needing attention of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis
Cultivation methods and matters needing attention of Gardenia microphylla
Matters needing attention in home planting gardenia
Cultivation methods and matters needing attention of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis
1 soil. Gardenia likes to grow in acidic soil with more humus. Humic soil 4 parts, vegetable garden soil 4 parts, soybean meal (decomposed) 1 part, river sand 1 part, with good water permeability and air permeability, and mixed with 0.5% black alum or sulfur.
2 temperature. The optimum growth and development temperature of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis is 20-25℃, and the suitable flowering temperature is 26-28℃. After 4-5 years' cultivation, the plant can endure short-term low temperature of -3℃, and when the temperature is lower than -5℃, it will suffer from freezing injury, the leaves will fall off after blackening, and the young branches will freeze to death. In winter, the indoor curing temperature should be 6- 10℃, and the lowest temperature should not be lower than 0℃. If the room temperature is higher than 15℃, it is necessary to open the doors and windows facing south and ventilate properly to cool down, otherwise it will easily cause germination, and it will suffer when it meets low temperature, which is extremely unfavorable to the growth and flowering of the next year.
3 light. Gardenia likes plenty of sunshine, especially in spring and autumn, and should be given more than 8 hours of sunshine every day, otherwise it will be unfavorable to its growth and development and wintering in winter. Avoid strong light at noon in summer, otherwise the leaves will turn yellow, and should be maintained in astigmatism, with a light transmittance of 40-50%. In winter, it is placed indoors in Nanyang.
4 fertilization. Gardenia is not a flower that loves fertilization very much, but because of its vigorous growth and limited nutrients in the basin soil, it is necessary to supplement fertilizers reasonably during the growing period. Apply decomposed human excrement or cake fertilizer once every 10 day, stop watering 1 day before fertilization, and water 1 time at the same time on the day of fertilization. Fertilization was stopped in mid-September. For adult plants, sesame paste residue should be applied again in mid-June and mid-August, with 0.5- 1 2 each time, and thoroughly mixed with topsoil after crushing.
5 water. Gardenia likes water, and some people call it "water gardenia". In spring, due to the strong wind, windy, dry air and scarce rainfall, water every three days, and sprinkle water around potted flowers every morning and evening to improve air humidity. It's hot after summer, so water less in the morning and then water it after two o'clock in the afternoon. Soft water should be used for irrigation in summer, because there are many calcium and magnesium salts in hard water, which is very unfavorable to the growth of gardenia, from yellowing of branches and leaves to rapid death. In order to overcome the alkalinity of soil and water quality, alum fertilizer water is poured once a week in the growing season to keep the branches and leaves of gardenia green. Water should be controlled in winter, and long-term high water content is easy to cause root rot and death.
6 choose the heart. In order to control the growth of gardenia, make the plant beautiful and promote flowering, when the vigorous growth will stop in spring, the top of new branches will be picked to promote the fullness of axillary buds and the formation of flower buds at the base of branches.
Matters needing attention
1. Gardenia flowers tend to turn yellow, which is caused by many reasons, so different measures should be taken to prevent it.
2. Yellowing disease caused by fertilizer deficiency: This yellowing disease starts from the old leaves at the lower part of the plant and gradually spreads to the new leaves.
3. Nitrogen deficiency: the leaves are yellow and the new leaves are small and crisp. Potassium deficiency: Old leaves turn from green to brown. Phosphorus deficiency: Old leaves are purple or dark red. Under the above circumstances, decomposed human excrement or cake fertilizer can be forcibly applied.
4. chlorosis caused by iron deficiency: this chlorosis is manifested in new leaves. At first, the leaves were pale yellow or white, and the veins were still green. In severe cases, the veins are yellow or white, and eventually the leaves will dry up and die. Spraying 0.2%-0.5% ferrous sulfate aqueous solution can prevent this situation.
5. chlorosis caused by magnesium deficiency: this chlorosis gradually develops from old leaves to new leaves, and the veins are still green. In severe cases, the leaves fall off and die. Spraying 0.7%-0.8% boron and magnesium fertilizer can prevent this situation. Overwatering, freezing, etc. , it will also cause the leaves to turn yellow, so pay special attention in the maintenance process.
6. When the indoor ventilation is poor and the temperature and humidity are too high in winter, Gardenia is prone to scale insect harm and soot disease. You can scrape off scale insects with bamboo sticks, or spray 200 times of water with 20 # petroleum emulsion. For soot disease, clean water can be used to scrub or spray carbendazim 1000 times solution.
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Cultivation methods and matters needing attention of Gardenia microphylla
1, growth environment
Before introducing the cultivation method of Gardenia microphylla, let's first understand what kind of environment Gardenia microphylla likes to grow in. Gardenia microphylla likes warm and humid climate, is not cold-resistant, likes sunshine but can't stand strong sunshine. It is suitable for living in a little shade and growing in loose, fertile, well-drained and light sticky acid soil. It is a typical acid flower. Not cold-tolerant, semi-cloudy, afraid of stagnant water, can only be used as greenhouse potted flowers in northeast, north and northwest China.
Step 2 Choose land and seeds
Gardenia microphylla is planted in sandy loam with deep, loose and fertile soil layer, ploughing 1- 1.5 feet, 4-5 feet wide and 6 inches high, and applying 20-30 loads of human excrement and urine per mu. When the soil is dry, rake the clods shallowly and level the boundary. A sowing ditch with a row spacing of 6-7 inches and a ditch depth of about 1 inch was opened at the border for sowing. Choose full, deep red ripe fruits and dry them in the sun or air as seeds. Before sowing, cut off the skin of the seeds with scissors, dig out the seeds and rub them in hot water to remove floating seeds or impurities. Then take out the sunken and full seeds, spread them on bamboo mats, dry them in a ventilated place, remove excess water, and then sow.
3. Planting method
Gardenia microphylla can be sown in spring or autumn, after the rain in spring and around the autumnal equinox in autumn. When sowing, the seeds are evenly mixed with fire ash and scattered in the sowing ditch, and then the flat sowing ditch is covered with fine soil or fire soil, covered with grass and drenched with water, and the soil is often kept moist to facilitate the emergence of seedlings, and 4-6 kilograms of seeds are used per mu. Pay attention to weeding in time after emergence, weeding frequently at seedling stage, and be careful not to damage the root system of seedlings. After weeding, it is necessary to chase human excrement and urine, and it will take one year to transplant seedlings.
4. Tian Tuan management
Gardenia microphylla likes fertilizer, but it is advisable to apply more thin fertilizer. The soil likes acidity and has good drainage. After transplanting seedlings, topdressing can be done once a month. Before flowering in summer, it is best to apply fertilizer with more phosphorus and potassium content, and fertilization is generally carried out after weeding and loosening the soil. Pruning once a year from May to July, cutting off the top to promote branching and form a complete crown. Removing dead flowers from adult trees is beneficial to vigorous flowering and prolonging flowering period. Potted gardenia should be poured out in time after the rain, and Huang should apply alum fertilizer in time.
5. Preventive measures
In the north, Gardenia microphylla, which is often introduced from the south, is very big in the first year, but it becomes smaller in the second year. Its leaves turn Huang Yi and fall off, and in severe cases, the plant dies. The main reason is that the soil in the north is alkaline, the climate is dry and the water quality is not suitable for its growth. Therefore, the introduction from the south should be transplanted with soil as much as possible. Usually, the stored rainwater is watered or soaked in grass and peel, and it can also be fermented with salt-free swill. If 0. 1 kg ferrous sulfate can be added to 50 kg water, the effect will be better. In the vigorous growth period, grinding water and topdressing can promote lush foliage and bright leaves.
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Matters needing attention in home planting gardenia
Gardenia, also known as Gardenia, is native to China. Gardenia leaves are evergreen all the year round, flowers are fragrant and elegant, with green leaves and white flowers, which are particularly beautiful and lovely. Suitable for terraced fields, Chi Pan, roadside planting, and potted plants in patios, courtyards and shady places, all of which grow well. You can also make flower beds and potted plants, and flowers can also be used for arranging flowers and wearing decorations. Gardenia likes warm, humid and sunny environment, is cold-resistant, semi-cloudy and afraid of stagnant water, and requires loose, fertile and acidic sandy loam.
1. Acid-loving soil: This flower needs scattered light, which is beneficial to acid fertilizer. Soil, water and fertilizer contain alkali, which prevents plants from absorbing iron and affects the formation of chlorophyll, resulting in withered branches, charred leaves and even death. Rich, loose and well-drained acid soil should be selected. If pine sawdust is fully mixed into the soil, the use effect is also very good.
2. Like cool: avoid exposure to the hot sun, but some people often mistakenly think that gardenia needs full shade, leading to cultivation mistakes. In fact, while paying attention to cultivating its cool environment, it is necessary to keep 60% light all day to meet its growth needs. In summer and autumn, it is necessary to prevent the sun from being exposed to the sun, so as to avoid the yellowing of the leaves and affect the viewing. April10-April 15, apply a thin fertilizer once, and don't water too much with buds. This kind of flower is afraid of waterlogging, and its leaves will turn black when waterlogged.
3. Humidity: If the air humidity is lower than 70%, it will directly affect the differentiation and growth of flower buds, but if it is too humid, it will lead to root rot, branches wither and leaves fall off. In addition to normal watering, the leaves and nearby ground should be sprayed with clear water frequently to appropriately increase the air humidity. If you have buds, don't water them too much, or they will fall off. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied to sparse buds and prevent falling.
Generally, when the soil is dry, hit the clay pot by hand (like playing watermelon), and water it when you hear the empty sound until it leaks. The water for watering the flowers is tap water poured the day before, which has been left for a day and a night. The water is mixed with some rotten upper-layer fat water, rice washing water, lemon peel, broken bones, eggs and soybean milk. It smells a little bad, but it has been poured for a while.
4. Fertilizer-loving: Fertilizers such as cooked bean cake, sesame sauce residue and peanut bran should be applied, which can be acidic after fermentation and decomposition, but they must be applied thinly, avoid thick fertilizer and raw fertilizer, and do not apply fertilizer during hibernation. It is forbidden to use human excrement if it has been planted for less than three years. Too much nitrogen fertilizer will cause thick branches, large leaves and dark green, but it will not bloom. When phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are lacking, there will be no flowering or bud withering and falling off.
5. Thermophilic: The growing period is 18℃ to 22℃, and the wintering period is 5℃ to 10℃, and it is easy to be frozen below-10℃.
6. Timely pruning: Gardenia has strong germination, easy overlapping of branches, dense ventilation and scattered nutrition. In orthomorphism, three main branches should be selected according to the tree shape, and other branches sprouting from roots should be cut off at any time. After the flowers wither, the branches should be shortened in time to promote the germination of the new branches cut. After the new branches grow for three days, the core should be removed to avoid blind growth.
7. Prevent yellowing disease. There are four reasons: ① Iron deficiency. Excessive calcium, alkali, phosphorus and manganese in the soil will affect the absorption of iron by plants, affect the formation of chlorophyll, make the veins of young leaves turn green and spread the whole leaves. 1/500 ferrous sulfate water or 0.2% black alum water, once every 10 day. ② magnesium deficiency. Too much acid red loam and potassium and ammonium are prone to magnesium deficiency, which makes the veins of the lower old leaves turn green and yellow. It can be sprayed with 1% to 2% magnesium sulfate solution, but excessive magnesium application will cause calcium deficiency and hinder the development of xylem of roots and stems. ③ The basin soil is too wet or too dry. 4 exposure in summer.
8, breeding methods:
Commonly used cutting and layering propagation. Cutting, in the rainy season, the length of shoots is1500m, inserted into the seedbed, and roots are produced from 10- 12. Layering: biennial branches, 20-25cm long, are selected in April, buried in the soil, kept moist, rooted in about 30 days, separated from the mother plant in summer, and planted separately in the following spring. Transplanting seedlings or potted plants should be carried out in spring and rainy season, with soil balls. Keep the soil moist during the growing period, and water it more during flowering and midsummer. Apply fertilizer 1 time every month, and apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizer 1 time before flowering. Prune and reshape in early spring of the following year, and cut off dead branches and long branches in time. Leaf spot disease and yellowing disease often occur in pests and diseases. Leaf spot was sprayed with 65% zineb wettable powder 600 times, and 0. 1% ferrous sulfate solution was regularly added with water to prevent yellowing. Insect pests are harmful to moth, scale insect and whitefly. Spraying 3,000 times of 2.5% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate on the moth, and 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate of 1.500 times of scale insects and whiteflies.
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