First, we should choose the best seedling raising period. In Hebei, Henan, Beijing and other northern provinces, the best seedling raising time is 65438+early February, and the growing period is 65438+February to June of the following year. The best seedling raising time in southern provinces such as Guangxi, Guangdong and Guizhou is in the middle and late September, and the growing period is from September to April of the following year. Then, warm perm. The purpose of warm scalding is to sterilize and soften the seed coat, which is beneficial to imbibition.
The specific methods are as follows: ① Select seed soaking containers according to the number and size of seeds, such as beakers, paper cups, small bowls and small pots. (2) Take water as an example, generally 2 cups of boiled water and 1 cup of cold water, that is, the volume ratio of boiled water and cold water is 2 ∶ 1, and the water temperature is slightly hot after mixing, and the temperature is 55 ~ 60℃; (3) Screening seeds with full seeds, removing impurities, breaking shells, putting them into a container and soaking them in hot water (the amount of hot water should be more than 3 times the volume of the seeds), constantly stirring, stopping stirring after 3 minutes, and standing for 30 minutes. Gently rub the scalded seeds and replace them with water. The amount of clean water should be more than 3 times of the seed volume, and the temperature should be 26 ~ 28℃. Gently rub the scalded seeds and replace them with water. The amount of clean water should be more than 3 times of the seed volume, and the temperature should be 26 ~ 28℃. After standing for 8 hours, take it out and wrap it with gauze. Then, after washing with clear water, put it on a leaky tray covered with wet gauze and spread it evenly, with the seed thickness not exceeding 0.3 cm. At the same time, ensure that the gauze is moist, and the upper part of the seed is covered with moist gauze. Finally, put it into a germination box, adjust the temperature to 26 ~ 28℃ and rub it gently once a day until the seeds turn white. When the whiteness reaches above 60%, the seeds can be taken out for sowing.
For pest management, prevention is generally the mainstay, and comprehensive prevention is mainly to guard against powdery mildew, virus diseases, thrips, whiteflies and other pests and diseases. Spraying carbendazim once after emergence to prevent fungal diseases such as damping-off and damping-off, and spraying propamocarb hydrochloride and hymexazol once infected; Powdery mildew is a susceptible disease in protected cultivation, and triadimefon, kresoxim-methyl and difenoconazole have good control effects. When the temperature is higher than 30℃, dimethomorph, aminooligosaccharide and lentinan are sprayed once each for 7 days to prevent virus disease.