I. Selection of pots and allocation of nutrient soil
Choose clay pots, wooden barrels and wooden cases with drainage holes, with a diameter of 40cm, a bottom diameter of 35cm and a height of 30cm. Prepare nutrient soil: 6 parts of fertile ripe soil, 2 parts of river sand, decomposed sheep manure 1 part, fermented leaves 1 part, and horseshoe fertilizer, mix them evenly in proportion, and sieve.
Second, the basin
Select seedlings with strong plants, full buds and no pests and diseases, and pot them in the first half of April. When planting, soak the roots with 5-degree lime-sulfur mixture for disinfection, and cut off the necrotic roots. First, put a small amount of nutrient soil at the bottom of the basin, put in seedlings, control the roots evenly, stabilize the soil and bury it, and water it in time to ensure survival.
Third, fertilizer and water management.
Apply 0.2% available nitrogen fertilizer 1 time before and after germination. Since May, liquid fertilizer 1 time has been applied every 10 day, with 200 times of liquid organic cake fertilizer as the main fertilizer, supplemented by 0.2% urea, diammonium, ammonium sulfate and other inorganic liquid fertilizers. When fertilizer is sprayed on the leaves during fruit expansion, 0.3%-0.5% urea and 3%-5% plant ash extract can be sprayed. Autumn shoots are luxuriant, fruits are close to maturity, and organic liquid fertilizer is topdressing every half month 1 times and 200 times. The new buds stop growing and the fruit ripens. According to the plant growth, topdressing 1 time every 10 day, with 200 times of organic liquid fertilizer as the main fertilizer and 0.2% of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer.
The soil of potted apples should be thoroughly dried and watered, and water should be replenished in time during germination, flowering and fruit expansion. In June, in order to promote flower bud differentiation, water should be properly controlled, and less water should be watered in the rainy season from July to August.
Fourth, plastic trimming.
Potted fruit trees can be pruned into bonsai trees according to personal hobbies. Pay attention to the opening angle to make them ventilated and transparent, which is conducive to the formation of flower buds and high yield.
The crown of potted apples should be controlled from 1 year-old seedlings, and the dry height should be equal to or higher than twice the height of the pot. The method of coiling and pulling branches should be used to inhibit the growth and promote the growth of branches, or to pick the required height of 1 year-old seedlings and strengthen the trunk before sending new branches. By adopting new technology to cultivate tree shape and twisting the tips of overgrown branches and competing branches between 5-7 leaves of branches, the height of trees can be effectively controlled, overgrowth can be prevented and flower bud growth can be promoted. It is necessary to make full use of schools with vigorous branches and fierce competition, and twist the branches, pick the core, carve and girdle them, which can cultivate a large number of fruiting branches, promote them to form flower buds, and achieve the goal of early fruiting and more fruiting. Potted apples have entered the fruiting period, and the tree shape has been basically established. The branches should be selected and reserved reasonably according to the varieties, so that the whole crown space can be occupied and utilized reasonably. The long branches with space can cultivate new skeletons, and the short branches can be cultivated into fruiting branches to keep the crown stable, alternate in length and suitable in leaf-fruit ratio.
Five, flower and fruit management
1. Artificial pollination: In order to ensure the fruit setting rate of potted apples, the pollinated flower varieties are taken out from orchards with similar phenological periods 2-3 days before the flowering of apples, and artificial pollination is carried out at the early flowering stage and the morning of flowering of potted apples.
2. Spraying boron at flowering stage: spraying 0.25% borax at flowering stage to improve fruit setting rate.
3. Bagging: In order to improve the fruit quality and prevent the damage of pests and diseases to the fruit after physiological fruit drop, the fruit is bagged, and the fruit bag is removed before the fruit matures 15-30 days, so that the fruit is colored.
4. Color and paste words: potted apples have the characteristics of convenient management. Turn over the pots in the later stage of fruit growth to make the fruit fully colored. Remove the fruit bag before the fruit ripens/0/5-30 days, and paste the words "Fu", "Shou", "Lu", "Fa" and "Auspicious" on the sunny side of the fruit. When the fruit is colored and ripe, remove the sticker, and words and various beautiful patterns will appear on the apple fruit, making the potted apple more beautiful.
Six, pest control
Potted apples have fine management, good ventilation and light transmission, vigorous growth and less pests. Once pests and diseases occur, they should be removed in time, scraped off the diseased spots and artificially caught pests. When serious diseases and insect pests occur, fungicides such as carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl and chlorothalonil should be sprayed 1-2 times after flowering to prevent and control fruit and leaf diseases. Spraying pyrethroid-based pesticides twice in April-May to control aphids, leaf roller and other pests; Spraying Saoli and Uranus 1-2 times in June and July to control red spider and peach moth; Spraying fungicides such as carbendazim, thiophanate and Bordeaux mixture in July and August to control early defoliation, ring rot and anthracnose.
Seven, take care of the fruit to extend the viewing period.
25-40 days before the fruit ripens, NAA is sprayed twice every 65,438+00-6 (-6 is superscript)-50× 65,438+00-6 (-6 is superscript), and NAA 30×65 65,438+00 is sprayed continuously before the fruit ripens.
Eight, pour pot for soil
In order to fertilize and prune the roots of potted apples, improve the nutritional conditions, and make the trees grow healthily, the pots are changed every year before dormancy in winter or germination in spring, and the original soil is replaced with newly configured cultivation soil (including applied organic fertilizer and chemicals for killing underground pests). When changing the soil, first wrap the bamboo pieces around the inner wall of the pot, then turn the pot upside down, hold the apple plants and soil with your hands and pour it out under the action of gravity. Then use a sharp knife to cut off the 3-4cm thick old soil and roots around the soil, then put them into a new pot filled with cultivated soil, fill in the new cultivated soil around and compact it, and pour enough water.