Slope protection, one of which is greening protection, or ecological protection. Slope land has various forms. For the sake of landscape, sloping fields may become terraces, and there will also be some sloping fields specially built for landscape. If we don't do a lot of slope protection, even if we can finally reach the landscape, there will be some problems that we don't want to appear in the implementation. If it is covered with better vegetation, it will play a certain role in preventing soil erosion, but we often need to reduce this cost, so we hope to form a stable control effect through plant growth. So how to use plants for protection? Combined with a project completed in 2009, based on the slope protection of railway subgrade, we discuss the problems that need to be considered in realizing green slope protection. The subgrade of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway is not long, and there are more bridges than roads. Subgrade is mainly concentrated in Jinan to Xuzhou and Bengbu to Zhenjiang. The main types of subgrade are embankment slope and cutting slope. In fact, one was dug out and the other was piled up. Why take railway subgrade slope as an example? Because it is typical and requires high security. There are two main materials for the base of subgrade slope: soil slope and rock slope. The stability of rock slope is good. What is the principle and formation process of slope plant protection? The aboveground parts of plants, that is, stems and leaves, mainly protect the slope from rain erosion, maintain moisture, and at the same time weaken the scouring power of precipitation on the soil. The formation of railway slope protection function needs to be put into use quickly. It is difficult to maintain a large number of railways within the scope of land use, so low maintenance and no maintenance should be considered. From the relationship between the formation process of plant protective layer and protective function, it can be generally seen that the basic protective function is not available during the planting period of plants, that is, from sowing to germination, the protection of plants on sloping fields basically does not exist; It is a weak and unstable protective function during growth and development; When it is mature, it is a stable period; The forming period is basically stable; The community succession period is the stable period. Principles of railway slope protection: timeliness, effectiveness and permanence. From the perspective of our industry, we should also consider the landscape. But in terms of function, the most important thing is timeliness, effectiveness and durability. The goal of slope planting can be divided into short-term and long-term ones. The short-term goal is to quickly form a slope during civil construction to avoid rain erosion, at the same time, gradually compact the soil, increase the resistance of the slope, improve the soil by using the characteristics of plants, improve the function of the body, and also provide time for seedling preparation from subgrade construction to opening to traffic, reducing construction costs and maintenance costs. The long-term goal is to stabilize the soil and enhance the strength of the body. In the selection of plant varieties, native tree species are the main ones, supplemented by exotic varieties. On the one hand, we will emphasize native tree species, native tree species, but what is the role of our greening? What kind of purpose should we achieve? At this point, we don't exclude exotic varieties. As a slope protection, its main function is to strengthen the soil and prevent soil erosion. In addition, woody long-term effect is dominant, supplemented by quick-acting herbs. Woody plants play a long-term protective role, while herbs can quickly form a protective function and improve the resilience of soil, just like some biennial leguminous plants, even after death or destruction, they can become a fertilizer. The third is drought resistance and barren tolerance, supplemented by growth traits. Four, seed reproduction is the main, supplemented by asexual reproduction. The root system of seed propagation grows fast enough and has stronger resistance. But as a railway slope, it is not only the landscape that needs special consideration. The landscape is always under safe driving. In greening, it is necessary to ensure driving safety and eliminate secondary hazards. Especially for high-speed railways, some small animals, such as bees and butterflies, will have some influence on driving, so the demand for high-speed driving should be considered in plant selection. According to different regions and different substrates, plants are selected: biennial herbs, which mainly form quickly, prevent wind and fix soil, and are also leguminous plants, which have the function of improving soil. Later, it relied more on woody plants to form long-term protection. For plant slope protection, if slope protection is absolutely safe, the best way is civil engineering, which is the most reliable slope protection function. In fact, landscape is not the most important role, but the most important role is to consolidate the soil. The railway slope is very unfavorable to plant growth, and only a little soil is sprinkled on it after the roadbed is repaired. Because the railway subgrade is not allowed to contain soil, this soil is very shallow. What should I do? The final effect is to form a stable plant community, so it is not suitable for some small animals at this point, because bees and butterflies will have a certain impact on the operation of high-speed trains, which will block the air conditioning and ventilation holes of trains and be difficult to clean. In terms of landscape protection, on the one hand, we will require landscape, on the other hand, we need to pay attention to the relationship between planting period and climate when planting on slope. Because most of the slope greening we use now also adopts a greening effect close to nature. Therefore, in different areas, his rainfall season and planting period may coincide, which will have a certain impact on the soil, so it is necessary to prepare for protection in advance.

The above are collected and sorted by Zhong Da Consulting Company.

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