2. If you don't have much time, take care of the bare cylinder.
Please refer to!
How to Cultivate Aquatic Plants is the ultimate guide for beginners to play with haypots.
Some simple and practical suggestions for novices! I am an old and experienced person, and now most aquatic plants can cope. In order to let beginners avoid detours, I share with you the experience I accumulated in the process of growing up in the simplest way. Hope to point out the mistakes. 1, the choice of both mud and sand:? Mud and sand can grow grass. Mud has fertility, which can reduce the pH value, but it is not convenient to turn over the jar when it is used. It is more difficult to control new mud algae and fertility than sand. Mud can raise some advanced aquatic plants, and sand has limitations in this respect, but for most novices, you won't suddenly rise to the difficult aquatic plants. The advantages and disadvantages of sand are just the opposite, and the price is cheap. However, attention should be paid to the particle size and water solubility of sand, which can be tested by toilet cleaner. The bubbling ones can't be put into the haystack, and the ones that don't bubble can. Symmetrical particles of 5-8 mm in size are basically suitable for most aquatic plants, and the weight is 5-7 cm at the bottom of the tank, and the water depth is preferably not more than 40cm (the height from the water surface to the sand surface). 2. lighting:? Ensure that the light intensity is not less than 0.45w/L, so that even if most aquatic plants have problems, it is not a light problem, and the negative grass can be less, and a 0.3w is almost the same. Don't worship high-end imported brand lighting. To tell the truth, many domestic brands have similar effects to those of those ladies. The state of aquatic plants is related to other factors besides illumination. Considering the cost performance, you can choose 6500k tri-color fluorescent tubes from general hardware stores or lighting stores, T5, T8 or PL are all acceptable, and the ultra-bright ones are better. Don't ignore the role of reflector, because fluorescent lamps are astigmatism, and good reflective effect can greatly improve the lighting power. Personally recommend Sanxiong and Osram. Lighting is usually 7- 10 hours, and it can be replaced with a new one after one year. 3. Filter. Just buy a domestic filter bucket. Calculate the water volume of your fish tank, and buy one with a nominal flow of 3-5 times the water volume of the fish tank, whether it is big or not, because domestic standards are often empty. You can buy a filter bucket with an oil film processor. This is very easy to use, so you don't have to buy an oil film device in the future. I recommend Sensen 303-B, which also has ultraviolet germicidal lamp. The noise is low. I'm using it, and the effect and price are good. Personally, I recommend adding an Arnold front in front of the filter barrel, within 100 yuan. Although it costs a little more, it has many benefits and is worth investing. The front end is filled with white cotton, and the water flows into the filter barrel after passing through the front end, which is used to filter impurities in the water and ensure the physical cleanliness of the water entering the filter barrel. The filter barrel can be cleaned by biochemical filtration, so that the filter barrel can be cleaned once every two or three years, and only the front needs to be cleaned. When cleaning, just close the front water inlet and outlet, you can easily remove the front bucket, and then you can wash it as you like, without worrying about damaging the nitrification system, because the filter bucket is them. 4. Filtering materials are very important, but they are often ignored by grass friends. Personally, I strongly advocate replacing ceramic rings with white cotton and biochemical cotton. The quality of domestic ceramic rings is very uneven, and basically you can't buy good ones. Not only can they not cultivate and stabilize nitrification system in large quantities, but they may also cause hard water, and their prices are not low. Buy some high-density white cotton, cut it into the shape of a filter bucket, and put it in the order of white cotton-biochemical cotton-white cotton, which can be slightly compacted. White cotton and biochemical cotton can be 1: 1 or 2: 1. I have tried, and the filtration effect and biochemical effect can be said to be first-class and economical. ? 5、co2:？ Most aquatic plants can grow normally without co2, including positive plants, but with co2, they will grow faster, greener and in better condition. Of course, there will be many bubbles. The biggest function of co2 is to lower ph value and stabilize water quality. Carbon dioxide is definitely much better than no carbon dioxide. If possible, co2 system is recommended. I personally recommend co2 cylinders and bottles, which are absolutely safe in terms of safety. Co2 is a nonflammable fire fighting gas. As long as the quality of steel cylinders and bottles is good, don't worry too much. Although diy is convenient and easy to operate, it is unstable in ventilation, with many impurities and obvious shortcomings. The melting of co2 is closely related to the choice of refiner. I tried to use refiner, and the effect was ok, but a jar full of co2 bubbles was generated, which affected the appreciation. Personally, I recommend adopting co2 forced melting system outside the tank, and buying a co2 diffusion barrel, about 30 pieces, which is connected with the water outlet of the filter barrel. Co2 is forced to dissolve in water under the impact of water flow, and co2 bubbles can hardly be seen from the water outlet of the fish tank. Practice has proved that the melting efficiency is very high. I did a test. Before using the refiner in Apollo, there were not many bubbles in aquatic plants. Later, the diffusion bucket was used, and the number of bubbles in the aquatic plants was amazing, and the ph dropped by 0.5. The effect is very obvious. Co2 can be turned on 24 hours, or it can be turned on at the same time as lighting, as you like. Some people worry that fish will die of lack of oxygen when carbon dioxide is still there at night. I don't think you need to worry (don't type the first word, please correct it), because co2 will overflow when it melts. When co2 reaches a certain melting speed, it will reach equilibrium. This balance point is definitely a safe area and will not have any impact on living things. ? 6. Fertilizer? Fertilizers include root fertilizer, base fertilizer, liquid fertilizer and organic fertilizer. It is not recommended to add base fertilizer when opening new cans, even if the sand has no fertility, because poor treatment will lead to fat water, algae bloom, green water and so on. Novices who don't know how to deal with these problems will hurt their self-confidence. Don't add any fertilizer for 3 months after the new mud is opened. You can add some root fertilizer and liquid fertilizer one month after opening sand. According to the instructions, the weight is halved or 20%. With experience, you can look at the state of aquatic plants. If you find that the leaves are small, rolled up or in bad condition, you can add a little. You don't have to worship advanced liquid fertilizer. Diy fertilizer made in China is very good. Beidaihe and Tsukagoshi Hirotaka are cost-effective. They are recommended. Pay attention to add some red aquatic plants. 7, algae control do not buy any chemicals to remove algae, create a natural ecological environment, chemical additives should be avoided as much as possible, not to mention those things are not cheap, surface treatment does not cure the problem. Algae control respects the natural biological control mode. Shrimp, mice, black flying foxes, elves and snails are all good tools for algae removal. Personally, I strongly recommend Elf+Panda Mouse. Elves look good, work hard, have strong adaptability to water quality, and have low destructive power to aquatic plants. It is the best tool for algae removal. There are basically no algae such as black hair, silk and brown algae in my fish tank, which is his credit. The panda mouse is mainly used to control the feeding of residual bait, and it looks good. Either it's bad for lichen rats and golden hamsters, or they are as lazy as black flying foxes when they grow up. They basically don't work and do great harm to aquatic plants. The newly planted aquatic plants were easily picked up by him, snails laid ugly eggs, and shrimps died for fear that the temperature of hot water would exceed 30 degrees. All things considered, it is better to be an elf. Guangzhou Huadiwan 5 yuan. 8. Water quality maintenance According to the above equipment, the water quality is basically stable after half a month, and then it will enter the maintenance period. In fact, maintenance is very simple, that is, changing water regularly. I'm a lazy person. I change water directly from the tap into the water tank. Don't learn from me, analyze each case individually. The general water change cycle is 1/5- 1/6. There is a principle that the water is discharged quickly and the water is fed slowly, and the slower the better. The purpose is to ensure that the temperature difference between old and new water is as small as possible, and also to allow organisms to have a slow adaptation process. I once tried that all the creatures in a tank got sick with a cold because they entered the water too quickly, and everyone took it as a warning. Beginners should be gradual. Blow it up in a bucket first. In winter, use a heating rod to raise the temperature to the temperature of the old water in the fish tank, and then re-enter the tank. After getting experience, you will become lazy. 9. Water quality parameters. Many people say that this and that have been tested in the article. I think as long as the sand or landscaping stone you choose is fine after toilet cleaning test, the parameters such as hardness, kh and gh are probably not necessary. As long as these parameters are not too outrageous, they will not have any serious negative impact on most aquatic plants and organisms, not to mention they will not be outrageous after testing. You don't need to buy these reagents unless you want to raise aquatic plants that are particularly sensitive to water quality. 10, temperature Some aquatic plants are really afraid of heat. When planting, you should pay attention to the temperature of your fish tank. For example, snowdrop, a beautiful grass in the middle, will stop growing when the water temperature exceeds 28 degrees, and will melt the leaves when it exceeds 29 degrees. When the temperature exceeds 30 degrees, lilacs will melt the leaves. Dwarf pearls grow slower than snails above 30 degrees, but they will not die. Nothing I touched seems to be serious. Anyway, my water temperature is 32 degrees now. You can use a fan to cool down, but you don't need a water dispenser unless you raise aquatic plants that are more expensive than ginseng.
1. The method of preventing root rot by putting new grass into the tank B9+oI c O? Look carefully, reader. I said "one-way", not universal. 1, buy new grass, don't learn what the book says, move scissors Just remove some rotten leaves and roots. Where there is a wound, it is easy to rot, and fools know it. But this book lets you play with scissors. I don't know what Ann's heart is. ) 2. I also raise terrestrial plants. Rotten roots generally mean that the roots are too closed and watertight. This truth is enlightening to aquatic plants. Do you think it's easy to rot just after cutting the roots and inserting them in the sand, and it's a new base fertilizer, even if it's stuffy? So, don't rush into the sand. 3. What if you don't stick it in the sand? Hehe, simple. Throw it into the jar and let it rise and fall. It seems that new fish are not fed, and it seems that (terrestrial plants) are cut and propagated first to dry. You can also set another transition cylinder, but it is best to use old water. Test your patience. Wait until the new grass begins to sprout and grow new roots, and then plant it according to the needs of landscaping. Guaranteed work.
2. Planting methods and daily management of aquatic plants (1) Propagation of aquatic plants 1. The asexual reproduction ability of aquatic plants is particularly strong, especially their asexual reproduction is very developed. The roots of aquatic plants such as Hedyotis diffusa, Sophora alopecuroides and Zanthoxylum bungeanum constantly sprout new buds, and these new buds grow new plants after leaving the mother. Another example is aquatic plants such as Ceratophyllum and red algae. When their branches are broken, each branch can become a new individual. In addition, there is a seed grass. After its leaves are torn off, new roots will grow at the base of the leaves, and new roots will grow new plants. Therefore, the reproductive ability of aquatic plants is famous for its abundance, quickness and good quality, which has become an effective measure for their reproduction. 2. Sexual reproduction The sexual reproduction of aquatic plants is completed through the processes of flowering, pollination, fertilization and seed setting (seed formation). Some aquatic plants are bisexual flowers, and some aquatic plants are unisexual flowers. Most aquatic plants are cross-pollinated, so their life history needs pollination media. Because of the different species of aquatic plants, their prosperity is also different. Aquatic plants such as Sophora alopecuroides, red algae and Ceratophyllum are called water-borne flowers because they use water as pollination medium. For example, Sophora alopecuroides is a dioecious plant. When its female flower matures, the peduncle is strongly elongated, so that the flower can stand on the water, and the flower just blooms on the water. When the male flower matures, it breaks through the male bud, leaves the inflorescence and floats to the surface. As the water swims, it has a chance to get close to the female flower, which makes it possible for pollen to reach the stigma of the female flower and pollinate it. After pollination, the female flowers are spirally curled because of the peduncle of the inflorescence, and the kiwifruit is slowly pulled into the water to mature. Black algae is also a dioecious aquatic plant. Different from Sophora alopecuroides, the female flowers only bloom near the water surface, and when the male flowers mature, they must also break through the Buddha buds. At the same time, the pollen is scattered into the water, which is easy to make the pollen sink and fall on the stigma for pollination. After pollination, this development is fruitful. There is also a kind of Myriophyllum, whose perianth is so degraded that flowers protrude from the flowers and mature powder is scattered in the air. With the wind and airflow floating in the air, the area on the stigma gradually expands, and then develops into a feather shape, so that the pollen transported by the river in the air has more opportunities to meet the stigma and achieve the purpose of pollination, so it is called wind blowing flowers. After pollination, the ovary develops and bears fruit, the embryonic gland develops into seeds, and the seeds germinate into new ones. (2) Planting method of aquatic plants 1. Selection of Aquatic Plants When you go to an aquarium store to buy aquatic plants, you should first consider what aquatic plants can fly and what their characteristics are. Generally speaking, the leaves of most aquatic plants are soft, such as Ai Cao, bamboo leaves and water lilies. Because their leaf tissues are tender and easy to be injured, be careful when packing and carrying them. Pepper plants are particularly sensitive to temperature and generally don't like too much temperature difference. Too high or too low will damage cell tissue. Although you can't see it outside at first, it will wither in a few days. Therefore, the best way for aquatic plants with tender tissues, such as Aicao, is to put tropical fish together in plastic bags when buying, so as not to harm the plants if the temperature is too high or too low. If there are stems or clustered aquatic plants, considering that their stems (or leaves) are long, they can be wrapped with hard paper to prevent bending or breaking, which is also convenient for planting. )O4( Z%YBe？ 2. Planting method Before planting aquatic plants, the aquatic plant box should be filled with coarse sand (or building stone) and spread to a thickness of 7- 10 1 cm. Then, put the aquatic plants in the aquatic plant box. When planting aquatic plants, according to the size of aquatic plants, plant the long ones first, and then plant the short ones, so as not to be chaotic. If it is a water plant with stems, remove the leaves near the roots the year before last to avoid rotting under the bed, especially the water plants with long stems, such as willow, blood orchid and red rose. You should insert its stem on the surface of bed sand to make it grow new roots, but not too deep, which will easily cause withering or rot. Holidays are overgrown aquatic plants. Before planting in an aquatic plant box, the withered leaves or rotten leaves should be cut off. Some aquatic plants have many long roots, which need to be too long in the previous year, but be careful not to root in the previous year, because rooting is helpful to the growth and development of plants. 3. Characteristics of various aquatic plants (1) There are many kinds of aquatic plants with stems. In terms of planting, there are many kinds, and it is difficult to find the characteristics of * * * *. Some are difficult to grow, such as willow, Japanese pearl grass, Xibao, red lilac and so on. Others are easy, such as bamboo leaf green, spearmint, Pteris vittata, apple grass and so on. There are also planting techniques of aquatic plants such as wormwood, clover and Newton grass, which are also difficult. The turbidity of the water they adapt to is generally between 20 and 30 degrees Celsius, and the PH value is between 5.5 and 7.5. Right inflammation cannot be removed because of the pain (KH)2- 15 DH. Different kinds of aquatic plants have different requirements for specific conditions such as turbidity, PH value and direct hardness of carbonic acid. (2) Clustered aquatic plants are easy to grow, but only a few species such as Begonia lineata, Illicium verum and Polygonum hydropiper are difficult to grow. Cluster aquatic plants have moderate requirements for water turbidity and can grow between 20-30 degrees Celsius. (3) There are many varieties of crown grass, but most of them are improved varieties, and some of them are bred by interspecific hybridization; Some control tarsal genes, showing some important animals; Some varieties mutate into heterosis, which makes the colors of varieties more colorful, such as red egg leaves and rose crowns. In a word, except for a few varieties, such as lotus leaf crown and new pointed crown, which are difficult to grow, other varieties are easy to grow and grow well at the water temperature of 20-28 degrees Celsius. (4) The difficulty of planting hot pepper plants can be judged according to their leaf types. Such as atmospheric pickled pepper grass, fountain pepper grass, Wendy pepper grass and so on. It is easier to grow; Kodak pepper grass, red pepper grass and longines pepper grass are difficult to grow. Therefore, their growth head is closely related to water quality, turbidity and other conditions. (5) Ficus microcarpa is relatively easy to grow, but Ficus microcarpa and Shui Rong with round leaves are really easy to grow, while other special Ficus microcarpa varieties need to adjust the environmental conditions of the water tank, such as carbonate hardness, turbidity and nutrition. Otherwise, wilt or root rot will occur.
3. Pruning of water plants Water plants are the same as garden plants on land. If plants are allowed to grow, they will appear very messy in the landscape, which will affect the ornamental effect. This requires shaping and pruning. Different kinds of aquatic plants have different pruning methods because of their different growth forms. 1. Weedy weeds are pruned. Weedy weeds are mostly used in foreground or middle scene, so it is more necessary to have beautiful shapes, such as small cymbidium, small cymbidium and so on. Although they don't have slender stems, they have creeping branches or underground stems that constantly expand outward, which hinders the growth of other aquatic plants. Therefore, it is necessary to cut off creeping branches or underground stems, which is conducive to the dense growth of plants. For large and medium-sized clustered aquatic plants, they should be pruned frequently. Because their roots are extensive, if the year before last is not timely, their individuals will grow into big plants, which will destroy the original landscape. There are also some clustered aquatic plants with long leaves, and the old leaves often turn yellow and rot and drift on the water surface, which affects the photosynthesis of other aquatic plants and leads to poor plant growth. Therefore, rotten leaves should be removed in time and stubble should be trimmed. 2. Pruning stem aquatic plants are different from overgrown aquatic plants, and their stems and branches are the main part of viewing. After a period of time, the water plants planted in the water tank will grow taller, the crown will become bigger, and the branches and leaves will look unsightly, which will have an impact on the landscape of the whole water tank. Therefore, it is necessary to grow yellow leaves and disorderly branches in time the year before last. Plants with stems are long or short, and pruning is very troublesome. Generally speaking, the leading aquatic plants in the box should be pulled up one by one, the next node should be cut off with scissors, and then put back. However, some aquatic plants have developed roots, and when they are pulled up, they will bring the sand from the bottom bed together, making the water deeply turbid. At the same time, the fertilizer in the bottom bed will also be reduced. So you can use scissors to cut off the surface of the bed and then insert it. The root system of the bottom bed will not rot because of developed growth. After a few days, the stubble will grow new buds. For small aquatic plants with stems, such as small round leaves, small mallow, etc., when they grow luxuriantly, the top will lie across the water, which will hinder the appearance and the plant growth height will vary. It will be troublesome to pull them up and trim them one by one. Pull five of them out together, and try not to bring up the sand on the bed. Then, put the drawn aquatic plants on paper, keep the upper part of each plant neat, then cut the roots of different lengths into the same length, and then insert the five plants into the water together. But water plants like cattail should be planted one by one. Some slow-growing aquatic plants, such as Sunu grass and Robelli, have slow root development, but a few plants grow. For those medium and large aquatic plants, such as blood orchids and willows, they are planted in water tanks at a certain distance, and the difference is not obvious compared with small aquatic plants. However, although there is a prominent one, it has an impact on the aquatic landscape of the whole water tank and destroys the balance. When pruning, you need to use alternative pruning. Because their roots are relatively developed, it is inconvenient to pull them up. They should be cut off from the surface near the bottom bed with scissors and then inserted. ? (4) Fertilizers for aquatic plants In the growth process, aquatic plants, like plants on land, need not only illumination, suitable temperature and carbon dioxide, but also fertilization. As we know, the fertilizer needed by plants consists of three elements: nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Plants on land can get nutrients from air, water and soil. For example, hydrogen and oxygen can be obtained from water; Carbon is obtained from air; Nitrogen, phosphorus, iron and other elements all exist in the soil. Only when there is a lack of certain nutrients in the soil should fertilization be applied to supplement it. However, aquatic plants get nutrition in different ways. Due to the limitation of environment, it can only be absorbed from water. Even if there is no fertilizer in the seedbed and only liquid fertilizer is added to the water, aquatic plants can still grow. 1, three elements of fertilizer (1) Nitrogen fertilizer can make plant cells, that is, a component of chlorophyll, which can activate various physiological activities in plants and make plants have quality-guaranteed and vigorous life activities in a long summer. Therefore, proper application of nitrogen fertilizer can promote plant photosynthesis and prolong leaf life. Generally, under the condition of insufficient nitrogen, the content of nitrogen in plants decreases and the growth is weak, which affects the development of leaves and leaves are light green; When there is a large amount of nitrogen deficiency, the leaves are almost yellow or the veins are pale, and the new leaves are obviously reduced. But when there is too much nitrogen, the plants will grow white and fall off easily. Among the aquatic plants growing in the water tank, nitrogen exists in the water in the form of nitrite (NO2), nitrate (NO3) and ammonia or ammonium (NH3 or NH4++). The way of absorbing nitrogen fertilizer by aquatic plants varies with different species. Aquatic plants such as pepper grass can directly absorb ammonia (NH3) in the feces of tropical fish; ; When butterflies, willows and other aquatic plants absorb ammonia, they need nitrifying bacteria to decompose ammonia into nitric acid before they can be absorbed. There is too much nitrate in water for aquatic plants to absorb, and the concentration of nitrate increases with the increase of rotten leaves in fish manure. It is necessary to change water in time, reduce nitrate concentration and balance other nutrients. (2) Phosphate and phosphorus participate in substance metabolism and energy metabolism in plant cells, which promotes the normal growth and development of plants, especially the early development of roots. Here, proper application of phosphate fertilizer can promote the early root development of aquatic plants. When phosphorus is lacking, the growth and development of the roots and even the whole plant of aquatic plants are inhibited, and the leaves are dark green or dark gray. Excessive phosphorus fertilizer in water can promote the proliferation of algae, which is unfavorable to the growth and development of aquatic plants. Therefore, it is appropriate to apply phosphate fertilizer in time. (3) Potassium fertilizer can promote the assimilation of carbonic acid by plants. When potassium is available, aquatic plants strengthen the absorption of nitrogen, promote the formation of nitrogen-containing compounds, and make plants grow healthily. When potassium is deficient, reddish-purple or reddish-brown spots appear on the lower leaves of aquatic plants, the tip or edge of leaves begin to turn yellow, and then gradually turn brown, and the internodes of stems and branches of plants also become shorter. In addition, potassium deficiency will make the newly grown buds pale and inhibit the formation of chlorophyll. Therefore, in order to make aquatic plants grow and develop normally, it is necessary to apply nitrogen and phosphorus mixed fertilizer properly. 2. Trace elements Aquatic plants need not only three elements, namely nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, but also many trace elements, such as magnesium, iron, sulfur and manganese. If aquatic plants lack these trace elements, it will also lead to poor growth. Magnesium is an important organometallic compound that forms chlorophyll in plant cells. Without magnesium, cells cannot form chlorophyll and leaves are not green. When magnesium is insufficient, the veins of leaves often deepen and the leaves turn yellow. General aquatic plants need little magnesium. Weeds in water should be absorbed and utilized, but emery is not, and magnesium in water will also be consumed.
4. Iron is a necessary condition for chlorophyll formation in cells, because iron-containing enzymes and iron protoporphyrin play a catalytic role in chlorophyll biosynthesis. Aquatic plants absorb more iron than magnesium. When the iron content is insufficient, the leaves turn pale yellow. In severe cases, the symptoms first appear on the young leaves, and then gradually endanger the old leaves. Iron fertilizer is generally ferrous sulfate, and aquatic plants absorb iron quickly, but iron is absorbed by aquatic plants only when FE2 ++ ions are dissolved in water. However, if the PH value of water is high and the content of oxygen or phosphoric acid is too high, Fe2+ will be acidified to Fe3+, which cannot be absorbed by aquatic plants. Therefore, when applying iron fertilizer, it is best to use EDTAC EDTA with chelating agent to protect Fe2+ ions. However, it is not advisable to use too much iron. If it is excessive, it is easy to produce an iron phosphate substance to precipitate on the leaves, which will affect it. Fierceness can promote the early growth of aquatic plants. When manganese is deficient, the leaves of aquatic plants wither and turn yellow, but the veins are still green. Only in the case of serious manganese deficiency will brown spots appear on leaves. The lack of manganese seems to be related to the excessive iron content. In addition to the above elements, there are many trace elements such as sulfur, calcium, zinc, copper, boron and chlorine. They are also necessary for the growth and development of aquatic plants. If aquatic plants lack some of these elements, it will also lead to plant dysplasia. Generally speaking, it is difficult or impossible for aquatic plants to absorb other elements in the absence of certain elements; On the contrary, when some elements are in excess, other elements cannot be absorbed. 3. Adding fertilizer to the bottom bed Because the gravel of the bottom bed does not contain nutrients, especially the necessary fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, before planting aquatic plants, fertilizer must be added to the gravel of the bottom bed to provide water for the growth of grass. Three kinds of fertilizers were added to the bottom bed. One is to mix fertilizer with gravel on the bed before planting aquatic plants, which is suitable for pepper plants with developed roots. In the past, some people mixed chicken manure and gravel as base fertilizer, but it was easy to affect the water quality and should not be used. Secondly, the fertilizer should be buried near the roots of aquatic plants, but when fertilizing, the fertilizer should be 2-3 cm away from the roots. Otherwise it will lead to root rot. The third method is to make a small amount of water in the fertilizer into clay, dry it, and then make it into block fertilizer, with the range of 1-4cm2. When fertilizing, it is necessary to apply bulk fertilizers of different sizes according to the size of aquatic plants. Generally, large aquatic plants apply 2-3cm2 bulk fertilizer, and small aquatic plants apply about 1cm2 bulk fertilizer. But it should be 3-4 cm away from the roots, otherwise the roots will rot easily. However, the fertilizer applied to the bottom bed must be decomposed by nitrifying bacteria before it can be absorbed by aquatic plants. 4. Liquid fertilizer Liquid fertilizer is a high-efficiency fertilizer mixed with various nutrient elements, which has a good effect on the growth and development of aquatic plants. When fertilizing, change the water in the water tank to 1/3, and then put the fertilizer (this fertilizer should be put in a plastic bottle with a boatman on the wall of the water tank).