Modeling technology of bonsai 1 Stripping method
That is, at the peak of tree growth, a sharp knife is used to pierce the cambium of the trunk cortex, and then the bark and xylem are pried several times to temporarily separate them, or stones of appropriate size are inserted into the pried bark, and then the bark is wrapped with hemp or brown leather. After the wound heals, the trunk will swell, local swelling, showing a dragon bell state.
2. Tearing method
That is, without scissors, the branches that need to be thinned, together with bark and some xylem, are torn off by hand, so that a wooden groove is exposed in the tree, and the wound seems to form naturally after healing, giving people the impression of simplicity and old age.
3. Stick bending method
Wooden sticks, bamboo poles, iron bars, hard plastic pipes, iron pipes and other wooden sticks with appropriate thickness are used as supports, and the trunk of small trees is wound around the supports according to the modeling design to make them bend and shape. One, two or even three sticks can be skillfully combined according to the shape and bending degree of the trunk required by the modeling design. Because of the fast heat transfer of iron pipe, it is not conducive to the growth of trunk, so cloth and hemp skin can be wrapped on the surface of iron pipe for heat insulation. The bonsai bent by this method are all young trees of 2-3 years old, with long trees and hard trunks, which are not suitable for use. After bending, tie it firmly with a rope, and trim the branches and leaves during maintenance. After 1-2 years of binding, the wooden stick was taken out and slightly processed, and it became a graceful osmanthus bonsai.
Step 4 tie the knot
Using this method to model, young trees with soft branches are generally selected and a 360-degree round knot or nest is made at the height of the trunk. After several years of cultivation (rooting at the same time) and pruning, it can become a beautiful and unique bonsai.
5. Stripping method
It is on the ornamental surface of osmanthus bonsai, in the middle and lower part of the trunk, a piece of bark is removed vertically and irregularly to expose xylem. After the wound healed and scarred, the trunk looked old and beautiful.
6. Cutting method
That is, on the ornamental surface of the bonsai, in the middle and lower part of the trunk, a piece of bark is removed first, and then about one third of the xylem is removed with a sharp knife or a small chisel, and the concave xylem is exposed after scarring, to show the quaint of the bonsai. But the trunk should not be too deep, and the deepest depth should not exceed half the diameter of the trunk; Not too much, usually a bonsai 1-2 can be cut, otherwise it will affect the growth of bonsai, and? Full of holes? Suspected.
7. Branching method
The methods of breaking branches can be divided into two types: breaking branches to leave marks and non-stop breaking.
(1) method of cutting branches and leaving marks. That is, in the part where the branch of the tree is about to break, a ditch is cut with a saw, which is about half the diameter of the branch, and then the outer skin and xylem are torn off together. After the wound is healed, it looks like natural growth and has a beautiful shape.
(2) Keep folding. That is, the branches to be folded are first wrapped with metal wires, and then the branches are folded in half (the branches are still alive after continuous folding). The angle and position of branch folding depend on the needs of modeling. Generally, a bonsai only folds one or two branches, and the curve of the folded branches is strong and unique.
8. Vertical bark cutting method
Some bonsai have smooth and ancient trunks. In spring, they can be cut perpendicular to xylem. After the wound healed, the bark became rough and old.
9. Just split the trunk vertically.
According to different modeling requirements, there are two operation methods: one is to divide the root and trunk into two parts, but the crown is not separated, that is to say, the lower part is still a plant; The other is to divide the root, stem and crown into two trees, and after careful maintenance, two osmanthus bonsai can be made.
Modeling technology of fruit tree bonsai (1) root modeling method
1. Pot changing method: Every time a pot is changed, the root system of the tree is lifted upward once, so that the soil surface exceeds the pot surface, and the foundation is gradually exposed with daily watering. You can also use bamboo sticks and wooden sticks. Gradually remove the soil on the surface of the basin until the required condensation effect is achieved.
2. Soil removal methods. In order to expose the roots of trees, trees can be buried in deep pots, with fertile soil at the bottom and fillers such as river sand or slag at the top. According to the characteristics of root growth, the roots can be guided to grow downwards, so that the fillers can be gradually removed and the roots can be gradually exposed until the fillers are completely removed and the roots are exposed.
3. Suitable method: For some fruit tree bonsai planted in shallow pots, in order to ensure the survival rate and expose the root system, tiles, boards and other things can be selected on the surface of the pot to form a ring along the shape of the pot, that is, to increase the original height of the pot, and then fillers such as river sand are added to the ring. After removing the ring for a certain period of time, the root system can be exposed on the surface of the pot.
Dry simulation method
1, bending method: when the trunk is thick, in order to prevent it from breaking, the parts to be bent can be wrapped with hemp chips, plastic sheets, etc. before bending, and then bent hard. If it's still difficult to bend, you can use a hand saw to saw the parts that need to be bent several times, and the kerf is as deep as xylem 1/2? 1/3. Then bend the trunk to make the cuts join and wrap it with plastic sheets. After the trunk is bent, it should be bound and fixed with lead wire and hemp rope. After 3? It can be healed and shaped after 4 months.
Because the trunk is only 2? 3cm, and when there is no scar on the part to be bent, it is usually wrung out before the tree sprouts in spring. The method is to hold the two ends of the bent part tightly with both hands, twist it hard to make the xylem brittle, and then bend it or even tie it to fix it, so that a strange and beautiful dry shape can be formed over the years.
2. Truncation method: Some of the collected stumps have a good pile shape at the base, while the upper branches are straight and long, which is not suitable for bending modeling. When the stump is cut off before germination in spring, the beautiful stump and crown can be preserved. After being cut off, not only the tree shape can be adjusted, but also the ratio of up and down can be increased to form the morphological skeleton of natural trees in a narrow space. You can also deliberately enlarge the wound or even tear it according to the needs of modeling, and then cultivate the state of the old tree.
3. Metonymy: For bonsai with good upper form and thin, high and straight lower trunk, it is often suspected that its base is dull and top-heavy. You can stick a punch on the poor lower viewing surface to cover up ugliness, make up for emptiness, make it balanced and stable, increase the situation, and thus improve the viewing value.
Another method is to carve a longitudinal seam or vertical hole on the beautiful dead pile, insert it into the trunk, wrap it with cloth and tie it firmly. With the thickening of the trunk, the embedded part is more and more tightly embedded, gradually covering up the embedded traces, just like an ancient pile, with posture and vitality. It is also interesting to embed cadres in the cracks.
(3) Modeling method of branches
The processing requirements of branches in fruit tree bonsai are not as detailed and strict as those in leaf-viewing bonsai. The reasons are as follows: first, most of the branches of the current year must be pruned in winter and partially reshaped by pruning; Secondly, in order to ensure the development of fruit, a sufficient number of leaves must be reserved, and the fruiting parts of many tree species are mostly at the top of branches, and improper treatment will affect the fruits of the current year and the following year; In addition, after fruiting, especially the fruits of large fruit tree varieties, branches often bend or even droop, changing their original shapes. Therefore, the modeling of fruit tree bonsai branches is mainly based on the needs of plastic surgery, and efforts are made in the layout and modeling of main branches. For local branchlets, in addition to timely treatment affecting the tree shape, most of them are roughly treated in combination with promoting flowers and keeping fruit and maintaining the tree shape. Of course, the processing requirements of small bonsai branches are very strict, because there are few branches and the ornamental requirements are very high.
Selection and retention of main branches: the selection and retention of main branches should obey the needs of overall modeling, generally 2? Third, pay attention to its shape, orientation, level and coordination with the whole. It is necessary to have a clear hierarchy and an orderly extension to avoid too much, too chaotic, too dense and too miscellaneous. Parallel branches, cross branches, reverse branches, upright branches, opposite branches and whorls should be cut off or truncated.
The bending of branches is mainly realized by pruning and flattening. Pruning method mainly uses the directionality of buds to adjust the direction of branches. After repeated pruning, it becomes vigorous and twisted. If the cost needs to be greatly changed, it can be trimmed by cultivating the back branches and retracting the front branches.
Winding commonly used hard wire (metal wire), soft wire, brown wire and plastic rope. Wire winding is simple and easy, and it can be stretched and bent freely, but it is a bit troublesome to disassemble. The type of lead wire used should be flexibly mastered according to the branch thickness. When winding, first fix one end of the wire at the base or intersection of the branches, and then wind it close to the bark. When winding, make the line density moderate and make an angle of 45 degrees with the branch angle. The winding direction of the branch should be consistent with the winding direction of the metal wire, so that it is not easy to break when winding. Twisted branches can be fixed after one year of growth, and metal wires should be pulled out in time.
When tying with brown silk or plastic rope, first tie the lower end of the pulled branch with a drawstring, slowly bend the branch to the required angle, and then tighten the rope to fix the upper end. The key of operation is to select the focus. First, you can fix the branches by hand according to the direction and angle required by the design, and then choose the position where the brown silk knots. Some fruit trees have a large annual growth, so it is necessary to release the rope in time to avoid the rope falling into the xylem of the cortex and causing the branches to break.
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