First, surgery:
1. Examination of skin, body surface and superficial lymph nodes: changes in skin color, elasticity, luster, scars, etc. Whether the lymph nodes in submaxillary, neck, clavicle, armpit and groin are swollen.
2. Neck examination: Observe lymph nodes, thyroid gland, trachea and neck blood vessels.
3. Chest and breast examination: check the chest, chest activities and cardiopulmonary conditions for abnormalities. Breast examination mainly observes breast development, symmetry, abnormality and palpation.
4. Abdominal examination: whether the abdomen is deformed, whether the abdomen is tender, whether the liver, gallbladder and spleen are swollen, whether there is a lump in the abdomen, and whether there is abdominal hernia or inguinal hernia.
5. Examination of spine and limbs: Observe the physiological curvature and mobility of spine to see if there is deformity and scoliosis. The development and activity of limbs, observe whether there is deformity, edema and varicose veins.
6. Anal examination: including anal appearance examination, anal finger examination, prostate and anoscope examination.
7. Examination of external genitalia: Male physical examiners include visual inspection and palpation of penis, scrotum, testis and epididymis. Female medical examiners will have gynecological examinations.
Second, internal medicine.
1. Thoracic: The presence or absence of thoracic abnormalities is more common in people with chronic wasting diseases and vitamin D deficiency.
2. lungs and pleura: understand breathing sounds, rales and inflammation.
3. Heart: Early detection of heart disease.
4. Liver: By touching the texture of the liver, you can know the nature of the liver. Under normal circumstances, the liver is soft, tough in chronic hepatitis and hard in cirrhosis. We can also know whether the liver is sick by whether it is tender or not.
5. Spleen: Whether it is swollen or swollen, in order to alleviate no infection, congestion, tumor, etc.
6. Kidney: size, hardness, activity, etc. To prevent kidney tumors.
7. Abdomen: appearance, hardness, whether there is a lump, etc.
8. Blood pressure: Measure the lateral pressure of the blood flowing in the blood vessel on the blood vessel wall.
9. Pulse: Whether the frequency is normal and the pulse is regular.
Three or five sensory organs
1. Vision: Understand the depth of myopia.
3. Conjunctiva: whether there is inflammation, bleeding, papules, etc. In the conjunctiva of eyelid and eyeball.
4. Cornea: Pay attention to transparency, whether there are white spots and ulcers.
5. Scleral: Pay attention to jaundice and lipodystrophy.
6. Retina (fundus): no degeneration, bleeding, atrophy or shedding.
7. Color discrimination: Know whether there is color blindness or color blindness.
8. Ears: A simple listening test.
9. Auricle: Appearance with or without trauma and deformity.
10. External auditory canal: whether there is inflammation, tumor, secretion, deformity, etc.
1 1. Tympanic membrane: with or without trauma.
12. Mastoid: tenderness or not.
13. Nose vestibule: whether there is a tumor.
14. Nasal septum: whether it is bent or not.
15. Upper, middle and lower nasal cavity: whether there is inflammation, tumor, secretion, deformity, etc.
16. Upper, middle and lower turbinates: tumors, deformities, etc.
17. Paranasal sinuses: inflammation, secretion, tenderness, etc.
18. Lips: color, appearance, etc.
19. Teeth: missing, damaged, dentures and cavities.
20. Periodontal: Whether there is inflammation, bleeding, ulcer, atrophy, etc.
2 1. Gland: Whether there is inflammation.
22. Oral mucosa: whether there is inflammation, bleeding, ulcers, white spots, etc.
23. Tongue: Observe the quality and coating of the tongue.
24. Tonsils: whether there is congestion, swelling, ulcers, etc.
25. Pharyngeal gorge: whether there is congestion, ulcer, etc.
26. Posterior pharyngeal wall: whether there is congestion, swelling, ulcers, etc.
27. epiglottis: whether there is congestion, swelling, ulcers, etc.
28. Throat: Whether there is congestion, etc.
Fourth, the perspective.
X-ray, mainly to check whether there is anything wrong with the lungs.
V ophthalmology
1. Vision
The refractive system of normal eyes can focus parallel light on the retina without adjustment, so that distant objects can be seen clearly. The adjusted eye can form a clear image on the retina as long as the object distance is not less than the distance of the near point, which is called emmetropia. If the refractive power of the eye is abnormal, or the shape of the eyeball is abnormal, so that the parallel light can not be imaged on the retina of the quiet and unadjusted eye, it is called non-emmetropia, including myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism.
judge colours
The human eye can generally distinguish seven colors in the spectrum, such as red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue and purple, and each color corresponds to a certain wavelength of light; However, after careful examination, it can be found that E69DA5E887AAE79FA5E9819331333713861human eyes can actually distinguish the colors above 150 in the spectrum, indicating that the wavelength length can change by 3-0 in the visible spectrum.
3. Conjunctiva
Conjunctiva: thin mucosa. Mucosal epithelium is stratified columnar with goblet cells, and the lamina propria of epithelium is thin connective tissue. Eyelid conjunctiva is folded back and covered on the sclera surface, which is called bulbar conjunctiva.
4. Sclera
Scleral is porcelain white and hard, with a large number of coarse collagen fibers interwoven, and contains a small number of blood vessels, nerves, fibroblasts and pigment cells.
5. Cornea
Cornea can be divided into five layers, from front to back: epithelial cell layer, anterior elastic layer, parenchyma layer, posterior elastic layer and endothelial cell layer. The epithelial cell layer is loosely combined with the anterior elastic layer, which is easy to fall off due to injury, but has strong regenerative ability, and can regenerate quickly after injury without leaving scars. The front elastic layer has weak resistance, easy damage and no regeneration ability. The parenchyma layer accounts for 90% of the corneal thickness, which cannot regenerate after injury and is replaced by scar tissue. The posterior elastic layer has strong resistance, and the posterior elastic layer often bulges before corneal ulcer perforation, and can be regenerated after injury. Endothelial cell layer can not regenerate after injury, and the defect area can only be filled by the expansion and migration of adjacent cells.
6. Students
The pupil is a small round hole in the middle of the iris, surrounded by the iris. Pupils can not only respond to light and shade, adjust the light entering the eyes, but also affect the focal depth and spherical aberration of the optical system of the eyeball.
7. Intraocular pressure
The normal value is 1.47 ~ 2.79 kPa, and the intraocular pressure is the pressure inside the eyeball. It is the balanced pressure exerted by the contents of the eye on the eye wall. The intraocular pressure is stabilized in a certain range to maintain the normal shape of the eyeball and ensure the maximum optical performance of the refractive stroma.
8. Fundus examination
As the name implies, fundus refers to the bottom of the eye, that is, the innermost tissue of the eye, including retina, optic papilla and central retinal blood vessels.
Precautions for physical examination:
1. Keep a normal state of mind and avoid anxiety and fear. Some people are very afraid of what problems will be found in the physical examination, so they are full of doubts and even fear one or two days before the physical examination. You know, physical examination is to check the current "normality" of the human body. If you don't eat well and sleep well for the first day or two, the psychological burden will increase, which will break the "normal state" of the human body and make it in an "abnormal state". Physical examination can't provide real information about people's physical condition.
2. General physical examination and blood drawing require fasting. Therefore, you must get up early and fast on the day of the medical examination. Some hospitals will prepare breakfast for people who take part in physical examination. If not, you can prepare some yourself and eat it after drawing blood.
3. Pay attention to your diet. Generally, as long as you keep your normal eating habits, don't deliberately change anything, but you can't eat too much greasy and high-sugar food the day before the physical examination, otherwise the detection value of lipid and sugar items may rise.
4. Don't wear contact lenses when checking your eyesight.
5. Students in higher vocational colleges need to check their liver function, but they don't.