Home care

1. Leave the heat source immediately. For example, take off clothes soaked in hydrothermal solution: extinguish the flame of clothes, roll on the spot or jump into the water, and cover with a quilt or blanket. Don't shout, run or beat with your hands.

2. Small burns can be immediately immersed in cold water for half an hour to 1 hour.

3. Immediately deal with life-threatening complications. If there is massive bleeding, stop bleeding (see trauma for methods); Asphyxia should keep the respiratory tract unobstructed (see respiratory arrest for methods); Open pneumothorax should be treated urgently (see pneumothorax for methods).

Burn is protected by clean clothes. Large area burns should be sent to the hospital immediately.

5. Give the injured person an oral burn drink or salty drink. Such as ginger salt tea, pickles soup, salted soybean milk and so on.

6. Those with fractures should take local materials and be sent to the hospital after fixation.

7. Painkillers can be used to relieve pain. For example, 50- 100 mg of demerol or 8- 10 mg of caffeine,

8. Early application of antibiotics. Such as spiramycin, oxytetracycline, penicillin and streptomycin. Conditional tetanus antitoxin serum should be injected.

9. Traditional Chinese medicine and folk prescription

(1) decoct Polygonum cuspidatum in water and apply gauze to the wound, once a day 1 time.

(2) Bake a proper amount of old pine bark into charcoal and grind it into powder, then mix it with sesame oil and apply it to the wound twice a day.

(3) Apply badger oil to the wound twice a day.

(4) Apply gauze soaked with 75% alcohol to the wound for dressing. It opens in a week. Suitable for superficial second degree burns.

(5) Bake the bark of Ziziphus jujuba into charcoal and apply sesame oil to the wound twice a day.

(6) Divide Coptidis Rhizoma and Sanguisorba officinalis equally, grind Borneolum Syntheticum into fine powder, blend it with sesame oil and apply it to the wound twice a day.

(7) Lime water and tung oil are evenly mixed and applied to the wound twice a day.

(8) Mashing Herba Houttuyniae. Mix with 5 cups of milk twice a day.

10. Nutrition and diet

(1) Early stage of burn: Due to poor gastrointestinal function, patients need to eat easily digestible food with little residue. For example, thick rice soup, protein water, glucose water, watermelon water, mung bean soup, sour soup and ice cream. Avoid foods that cause flatulence and irritation.

(2) Infection period: A diet with high protein and vitamins should be given. Such as chicken soup, broth, liver paste, meat paste, steamed eggs, steamed fruits, etc.

(3) Recovery period: Sufficient protein and carbohydrates should be supplemented. Add meals between meals; Add a midnight snack in the evening. Eat more fruits, eggs, meat, sugar and so on.

(4) If complications occur, different diets should be given according to different complications.

1 1. Small wounds can be properly handled:

(1) First, shave off the surrounding hair, cut off the fingernails and wipe the surrounding skin.

(2) Don't scratch the wound with blisters. Larger blisters can be bandaged after the water is pumped out by disinfection injection. Disinfect blistered skin with iodine before pumping water.

(3) The person whose epidermis has fallen off should be washed with cold boiled water or disinfectant water, such as 1: 1000 bromogeramine or 1: 5000 chlorhexidine water. Cut off the damaged epidermis, and if there is dirt, remove it, but avoid brushing or scrubbing.

(4) The wound surface can be covered with sterile gauze soaked in medicinal liquid (such as Polygonum cuspidatum solution or 75% alcohol), and then wrapped with thick gauze (2-3 cm thick).

(5) After dressing, closely observe whether the gauze is loose, smelly and wet. Otherwise the gauze must be replaced in time.

(6) If there is no such situation, change the dressing for superficial second-degree burns for 7~ 14 days, and change the dressing for deep second-degree burns; 3~4 days. Most of them can be cured. Those who have scabbed should be smeared with 2.5% iodine and 75% alcohol 1~2 times a day 1 time.

(7) It is not necessary to bind the parts that are difficult to bind, such as the head and face, perineum or when the weather is hot. The wound should be coated with medicine to make it dry.

(8) For deep second or third degree burns, if there is infection and pus accumulation under the scab, the floating part of the scab skin should be removed in time to make the pus flow out. The wound was wet-packed with 1% neomycin 10% methanesulfonate to kill pus or soaked gauze boiled with eucalyptus leaves.

(9) Disinfect items that come into contact with the wound, such as bed sheets (steam in the pot for half an hour).

First-degree burns do not require treatment. You can also apply badger oil or burn ointment.

(1 1) If you have difficulty in dealing with the infected wound yourself, you should go to the hospital for treatment.

12. Home care

(1) After burn healing, there are many dysfunctions, which affect self-care and make people look ugly. Family members should not abandon them, but should care, love, comfort and encourage patients to establish confidence in overcoming their disabilities.

(2) Functional exercise should be started as soon as possible after burn recovery. Family members help patients move their limbs and joints every day.

(3) Those who suffer from too many scars should go to the hospital for plastic surgery as soon as possible.

(2) Precautions

1. Morphine and Demerol should be banned in burn patients with craniocerebral injury.

Patients with severe burns should be sent to a nearby medical unit for rescue. If you need to transfer to another hospital, wait until the patient's condition is stable.

3. It should be noted that:

(1) Try not to open the wound, and reinforce it in time if it is loose.

(2) Keep the respiratory tract unobstructed and use antibiotics to prevent infection.

(3) Other combined injuries should be properly handled. The fracture should be fixed and the bleeding should be stopped properly before transfer.

(4) on the way to cold, heat, dust, reduce bumps, the speed should not be too fast.

(5) The patient's condition should be recorded in detail and reported to the medical staff.

4. Move the patient horizontally, and don't pull the leg by hand to avoid tearing the skin of hands and feet.

5. Patients who are sent to the hospital should not use colored drugs on the wound, so as not to affect the doctor's judgment on the depth of burn.

6. The wound dressing should be more than 5 cm away from the wound edge. Fingers (toes) should be separated by gauze to avoid mutual adhesion.

7. If there is no infection during dressing change, do not forcibly remove the inner gauze. And pay special attention not to pollute.