First, the conditions for studying abroad

1, personal ability requirements

"Individual instruction" is the main way of doctoral education in Germany. Under this learning path, doctoral students should first find a university teacher as a tutor and finish their doctoral thesis independently. It can also be done with researchers in other different professional fields.

In Germany, students who get a master's degree will no longer be regarded as "students" but "scholars". Therefore, in doctoral study, although you will be guided by doctoral supervisors, the main research and thesis work are completed in a highly independent form.

This form has strong requirements for the self-management ability and organizational communication ability of doctoral applicants. Therefore, the study time of individual tutors and doctoral students will also be affected by the progress of individual research. Usually the study period is three to five years, but there is no absolute time limit.

2. Education

To apply for a doctorate in Germany, students need to obtain a degree recognized by the German Ministry of Culture and Education. Secondly, the doctoral research major that students apply for also needs to be related to their previous major.

Generally speaking, German doctoral applicants must first complete their master's degree with excellent results.

Bachelor (Bachelor) Under special circumstances, degree winners can also be allowed to pursue doctoral degrees, usually fast-track projects, but only if my professional ability is proved through special procedures. Please consult the doctoral admission rules of relevant universities and institutions for relevant procedural requirements.

If the other party judges that the students' academic qualifications are not enough, they may also ask for a make-up exam.

3. Performance requirements

According to the requirements of German doctors, German universities may require applicants to take additional professional ability tests or submit specific academic ability and academic performance certificates.

If you get a master's degree from Chinese mainland University, this kind of professional ability test and academic performance certificate may be the form of APS audit interview.

4. Language requirements

Applying for a doctorate in Germany usually does not require a German proficiency certificate. At present, there are more than 700 doctoral programs in Germany, and English is usually the working language.

Whether to use German as a writing language also depends on specific research projects. When applying, the applicant may need to provide English or German proficiency certificate according to the specific working language requirements. If you need to provide a German proficiency certificate, you can take it, such as DSH, Telford, Goethe and other German proficiency tests and get corresponding results.

Second, study abroad expenses

1. Tuition

There are two universities in Germany. Ordinary families generally choose public universities without paying tuition fees, and only need to pay a small registration fee, which is basically ∈50-200. Private ones are more expensive, not only the tuition fee is high, but also the registration fee is high. Generally speaking, public companies can get more subsidies and have more opportunities to apply for scholarships.

2. Accommodation fee

1, there are also cities with different consumption levels in Germany, just like China, which are divided into first-tier cities, second-tier cities and third-tier cities, and the accommodation expenses in different regions will be different. For most students, the average rent is around 350.

2. Frankfurt, Munich, etc. A place where Germany's economic level is developing well. Students studying in these cities must pay attention to controlling consumption expenditure and actively apply for student dormitories in advance. Otherwise, they can only rent a house nearby and the cost will be much higher.

3. If the school is located in a small and medium-sized city, and the rent is basically ε50- 100, you can consider sharing it with classmates or friends, and go to see if there is any problem with the house in person, check the firmness of the doors and windows, and ask the landlord whether the water fee, winter heating fee, property fee, internet fee or broadband fee are included.

All the details should be checked repeatedly, and these trivial issues should be clarified before signing the contract with the landlord. Don't have a fever. If you don't see the house, you can sign the agreement at will. It's too late to regret.

3. Transportation costs

1, public transportation is the main mode of travel. Facilities are perfect, and all kinds of bus cards are sold in the bus hub center, and some of them are 50% off. Some are 20% off. Students who need to go out to play or work often can make one more. After registering as a graduate student, you can experience the preferential treatment in this respect, that is, free bus fare around the university.

2. When traveling long distances, you can take the train with your student ID card and get the corresponding fare concessions. The price will be higher than usual at night. It will drop slightly during the day. When buying tickets in groups, you can also enjoy low price concessions.

4. Food expenses

If you go to the school cafeteria to eat flowers, ε 100 per person per month is enough.