Cultivation management 1, the propagation mode is mainly cutting propagation, or layering by individual plants. Cuttings can be carried out in spring and summer. Soak the base of cuttings in clean water for about 10 days, keep them fresh, take root early after cuttings, and have high survival rate. Specifically, the 1 ~ 2-year-old branches cutted in spring are cut into 15 cm ~ 20 cm stem segments, and about 20 branches are tied into a bundle, and the stem segments with the water depth of 1/3 are immersed in clean water, and the water with the same temperature is changed every L ~ 2 days, and the temperature is controlled at 20℃ ~. Because of the strong ability to sprout tillers at the base of the old stem of oleander, a large number of tender branches are often produced, so the tender branches can be fully used for cutting in summer. Choosing cuttings with semi-lignified degree, keeping the top three leaflets inserted in the substrate, paying attention to timely shading and water management, the survival rate is also very high. When layering propagation, the embedded part should be cut or circumcised first and buried in the soil. It can be cut from the mother body in about 2 months and transplanted with soil in the second year. 2. Nerium indicum has strong adaptability, easy cultivation and management, and can be widely planted on the ground and in potted plants. Where it is planted in the field, it should be transplanted in spring, and it should be re-cut when transplanting. Pay attention to protection in winter. Branches and leaves are vulnerable to scale insects, so attention should be paid to prevention and control. Potted oleander requires good drainage and sufficient fertility. Sprouting in spring needs pruning. For long branches and twigs in plants, they can be cut off from the base. If the inner cavity is too dense, some branches should be thinned to make the branches evenly distributed and the tree shape full. /kloc-Change the pots once after 0/~ 2 years, and change the pots after pruning. Summer is the period of vigorous growth and flowering of oleander, which needs a lot of water. In addition to watering once every morning and evening, if the soil in the pot is too dry, water should be sprayed again to prevent the tender branches from wilting and affect the life of flowers. After September, it is necessary to conserve water, inhibit the continued growth of plants, make branches mature, and increase the accumulation of nutrients, so as to facilitate safe wintering. The overwintering temperature should be maintained at 8℃~ 10℃, and the leaves will fall below 0℃. Nerium indicum is a fertilizer-loving plant. Potted plants should be fertilized once a month during the growing period in addition to adequate base fertilizer. 3, pest control In the spring and summer growth period, the terminal buds are vulnerable to aphids. Oleander, also known as safflower oleander, willow, half-year red. It belongs to Apocynaceae and Apocynaceae. What should be paid attention to when cutting hard branches of oleander in summer is high temperature, much rain, high humidity and frequent pests and diseases. The following problems should be paid attention to when cutting oleander: First, the selection and treatment of seedbed should try to choose plots with leeward and sunny, no stagnant water, less soil diseases and weeds, sufficient fertility and easy management as seedbeds. Generally, seedbeds should be east-west, and cuttings should be carefully prepared anyway. Generally, the depth of cultivated land should reach 25 to 30 cm, the bed width should be 1 m, the length should be appropriate, and the trail width should be 50 cm. When the soil is sticky, sand can be properly mixed and soil disinfection should be paid attention to. Selection and treatment of cuttings 1. Choosing cuttings as cutting mother plants should have the conditions of good quality, strong growth and no pests and diseases. On the same plant, cuttings should generally choose branches with sunny middle and upper parts, short internodes, thick branches and full buds. On the same branch, the middle and lower branches are generally selected for hardwood cutting, and the cutting mouth should be smooth, with the upper end cut into a horizontal plane and the lower end cut into an inclined plane. When cutting branches, select stout branches with the diameter of 1 ~ 1.5 cm, the cutting length is 15 ~ 20 cm, the cuttings must have 2 ~ 3 buds, the upper cutting mouth is about 1.5 cm away from the buds, and the lower leaves are removed. When pruning branches, the red and white varieties are separated. 2. Cutting treatment will separate the varieties of cutting colors, so as to cut, cut and cut. In order to improve the survival rate of cuttings, dozens of cuttings were bundled neatly, and the cuttings were soaked in ABT rooting powder 1 100ppm for 2 ~ 8 hours, and in rooting powder 6 30 ~ 100 ppm for 1 ~ 8 hours. General 1 g rooting powder can handle 3000 cuttings. 3. Cutting method and density Before cutting, the soil should be disinfected and the seedbed should be filled with water. Cutting the treated cuttings according to the row spacing of 5x5cm. Pay attention to the upper and lower ends of the cuttings, and the cuttings cannot be inserted backwards. Cuttings should be closely connected with soil to prevent scratching the cortex of cuttings. Therefore, before inserting the cuttings, iron bars should be used to punch holes in the bed, but the depth of the holes should be slightly shallower than the length of the cuttings, so that the cuttings can be inserted into the soil. Generally, one or two buds on the open ground are suitable for cutting depth, and marks and records should be made after cutting. 4. Most flower cuttings need to take root at a temperature of 20℃ to 25℃ and a relative humidity of 80% to 85%. Generally 15 to 20 days later, the cuttings will take root. After cutting, be sure to spray enough water to make the soil in close contact with the cuttings. In order to prevent the temperature from being too high at noon, it is best to shade the sun. According to the soil moisture, water should be sprayed once every morning and evening, but the amount of water sprayed should not be too much, otherwise it will affect the healing and rooting of cuttings. In order to prevent the occurrence of germs, spray disinfectant once every 10 day. Transplanted the following spring. Potted oleander oleander, alias "Liu Tao" and "Half Year Red", is an evergreen shrub of oleander family. Potted oleander is often pruned into small trees, with a plant height of 2 to 3 meters. The stems are erect and smooth, the old branches are grayish brown, the tender branches are green, and the branches are stout, and most of them grow in a trident shape. Leaves lanceolate, 3-lobed, thick leathery, short-stalked, long 10 cm to 25 cm, acute at the apex, wedge-shaped at the base, dark green on the surface, pale green on the back, obvious midvein, purple throughout the petiole and peduncle, and a little milk in the branches and leaves. The terminal corolla of cymes is pink to crimson. Corolla funnel-shaped, 5-lobed, petals wrinkled, mostly double or semi-double, with a faint special aroma. The fruit is oblong, and the flowering period is from June to 10. Common cultivated varieties include oleander with white flowers. Oleander with mottled leaves and red flowers. Light yellow oleander with light yellow flowers. Also belonging to the same genus is the European oleander, also known as the big red oleander, which is produced on the Mediterranean coast with purple-brown branches and large oval and lanceolate leaves. Large flowers, dense inflorescences, red double petals, high ornamental value. Nerium oleander likes plenty of sunshine and warm and humid climate conditions. It is also slightly cold-resistant, and can overwinter in the open air in warm temperate regions without falling leaves. Family potted plants in Beijing can be wrapped in branches and placed in the leeward and sunny places for the winter. Nerium oleander is strong, barren and drought-resistant, and has low requirements on soil, but it is best to choose loose, fertile and permeable common cultivation soil for potted plants to avoid long-term wet accumulation and waterlogging. It has strong resistance to smoke and various harmful gases. Nerium indicum is propagated mainly by cutting. In April, combined with plastic pruning, a stout branch with a length of about 15 cm was cut for cutting. Dozens can be tied into a bundle and soaked in shallow water, and the water depth reaches 1/3 of the cutting. The shallow basin is sealed with plastic bags and exposed to high temperature sunlight. After two weeks, the roots were taken out and maintained in small pots or seedling bags with common cultivated soil seeds. Cuttings survive and germinate, choose a robust bud to develop into a new plant, and erase the rest. When the new plant grows to a height of 20 cm, replace it with a pot with an inner diameter of 20 cm, and fill the pot with soil at the base of the new plant, that is, bury the original cuttings in the soil to form rhizomes, produce a large number of fibrous roots, and promote the vigorous growth of the new plant. In the next spring, the stems will be trimmed and trimmed to form three branches and nine plump and strong plants. Many tender buds often sprout in clusters at the base of old oleander plants. When it grows to the length of 10 cm, it can be broken off with the heel and inserted into the fully decomposed culture soil for shading and moisturizing, and the survival rate is also very high. Nerium indicum has strong naturalness and extensive cultivation management. Pot culture has doubled 1 time in 2 years, and a little long-acting fertilizer with feather hoof angle can be put at the bottom of the pot. Liquid fertilizer can be applied 1 time to 2 times according to the growth situation. Nerium oleander is resistant to pruning and has strong germination ability. Aging plants can be updated and pruned by turning pots and changing soil in spring, and all branches are cut off from the base to promote the germination and rejuvenation of new branches. Generally, plants should be pruned moderately in spring to keep their posture symmetrical and the trees strong. Potted plants should be watered and sprayed frequently in summer to keep the soil and environment moist, but they should not accumulate water for a long time. Oleander has another feature. As long as you encounter drought, dehydration or waterlogging, the leaves at the lower part of the plant will soon turn yellow and fall off, so water them in a timely and appropriate amount. Pay attention to saving water after strong cutting in early spring to prevent root infection and rot. Loosen the pot soil in time and pick off the flowers in time after withering. In summer, aphids and red spiders are occasionally harmful, and general pesticides can be eliminated.