Ficus carica has a long history of cultivation, and there are as many as 800 varieties produced in the process of cultivation. Different varieties have different characteristics and planting conditions, so it is especially important to choose varieties suitable for local environment to obtain high yield. In the selection of varieties, we should first consider varieties with high and stable yield, good quality, strong disease resistance and market preference, and then screen varieties according to local climate, temperature, soil, precipitation and infrastructure. Selecting varieties suitable for local cultivation can achieve twice the result with half the effort, which is conducive to the growth and development of figs and improve the yield and quality of figs.
2. Choose land to build a garden
When choosing the land to build fig orchard, we should choose the mountain or plain with high terrain and leeward, which is suitable for planting neutral or slightly alkaline soil with deep soil layer, loose soil, good drainage performance and good irrigation conditions. Figs are not resistant to storage and transportation, so the convenience of transportation nearby should be considered when building gardens. At the same time, it should be noted that fig trees should not be planted with peach trees and mulberry trees, nor should they be built in places where air is easily trapped, such as tuyeres and depressions. It is necessary to keep the air circulation in the park and prevent the invasion of cold air.
3. Water and fertilizer management
The water and fertilizer required in different stages of fig planting are also different. Proper water and fertilizer are beneficial to the growth and development of figs, so water and fertilizer management should be done well. Ficus carica is drought-resistant and waterlogged-tolerant, and it needs a lot of water during the growth period and fruit expansion period. Irrigation should be done in time when it is dry, and attention should be paid to maintaining the moisture in the soil. When watering, the principle of frequent watering and less watering should be adopted to keep the land moist and avoid a large amount of irrigation at one time. If the water in the soil is too heavy, it will cause the phenomenon of falling flowers and fruits. When the rainy season comes, we should do a good job of drainage and tuberculosis prevention in the park to avoid the accumulation and root rot of rainwater. Fertilization of fig is mainly based on organic fertilizer, combined with compound chemical fertilizer, which needs topdressing once after inflorescence differentiation, new shoot growth, fruit harvesting and fruit harvesting. In the growth and development of fig, attention should be paid to nutritional supplement, and fertilizers should be reasonably matched to ensure nutritional balance.
4, plastic pruning
The shaping and pruning of figs are relatively simple and the technical requirements are not high. Generally, the shape of main branches is natural and gratifying, but the whole plant should keep more than three main branches, without side branches, and the main branches are directly planted on the main branches. When pruning, cut off dead branches and diseased branches. For fruit trees with dense branches and serious crown closure, it is necessary to cut off redundant branches from the base in a large area to ensure air circulation and sufficient sunshine, so that fruit trees can absorb sufficient nutrients and obtain high-quality and high-yield fruits.