The stem of green radish is very thick, which can be several meters long, and there are air roots on the stem. The young leaves are heart-shaped, and the newly propagated seedlings are smaller and lighter in color. With the growth of plant age, the mature leaves are oval, about15cm long and10cm wide. Thick green leaves are inlaid with yellow and white irregular spots or stripes. Because of the different fertilizer and water conditions, its leaf size is different. The radish is leafy, has good shade tolerance and is evergreen and shiny all year round. In winter, outdoor plants wither and wither, and indoor greenery flourishes, so it is good to watch leaves indoors. Because the stems and vines of radish grow faster, people often do column-vine cultivation, that is, erect a column in the center of the flowerpot, wrap some brown hairs on the column, and the diameter of the column is 10cm ~ 12cm, and then plant 3 ~ 4 seedlings in the pot to make the stems and vines climb around the column. There are also plants of green radish in the flowerpot. It is interesting to put them on the flower stand and let their stems and vines hang down like green curtains. Potted green radish is limited by pot soil, and it is easy to make the plant aging and the leaves become smaller and fall off if it is cultivated for too long. Therefore, after two to three years of cultivation, it is necessary to change pots or trim and update. Habitual preference for warm and humid environment requires loose and fertile soil and good drainage. Fertile, loose and well-drained humus soil should be selected for potted green radish, and acidic soil is the best. Green radish is extremely resistant to shade and can be placed indoors in sunny places all year round. In a dark room, move to a strong light environment for a period of time every half month, otherwise it will grow easily and the leaves will become smaller. Green radish likes hot and humid environment, the overwintering temperature should not be lower than 15℃, the pot soil should be kept moist, and the leaves should be sprayed with water frequently to improve the air humidity, which is beneficial to the growth of aerial roots. Liquid fertilizer can be poured once a month during the vigorous growth period. For plants that spend a long time indoors, the leaves at the base of their stems are easy to fall off, which reduces the ornamental value. When the temperature gets warmer in May and June, it can be pruned and updated with cuttings to promote the germination of new buds at the base of stem. Sensitive to temperature, avoid direct sunlight in summer, leaves are easy to turn yellow and fall off under strong light, and pay attention to shading outdoors in summer. In winter, it can grow well under the bright scattered light indoors, with thick stems and bright leaves. In the growing period, there is a high demand for water. In addition to replenishing water to the basin soil normally, it is also necessary to spray water on the blades frequently. For the cultivation of rattan, more water should be sprayed on the palm hair column to make the palm hair fully absorb water for the aerial roots around the stem to absorb. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer can be applied once every two weeks or sprayed with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution every week to make the leaves green and the stripes more vivid. The main variety, e.a. Marble Queen', has milky white stripes on its leaves, which is thicker than the original variety. E.A. Golden Pit': There are irregular yellow stripes on the leaves. E.a tricolor': The leaf mask is green with yellow milky white stripes. Distribution of origin: tropical rain forests in Central and South America. At present, there are artificial gardens in Shanghai, Jiangsu, Fujian, Taiwan Province, Guangdong and Guangxi. The ornamental value of radish is one of the excellent indoor decorative plants, and it is also a climbing vine and foliage flower. Radish stems are thin and soft, and leaves are exquisite and beautiful. Put a set of pots on the top of the furniture cabinet to let the vines hang down calmly, or hang them in a circle after the vines hang down for too long, just like jade reliefs. This not only makes full use of the space, purifies the air, but also adds lively and colorful green ornaments to the dull counter, which is full of vitality and adds fun to the room. Morphological characteristics: the rattan of Solanum lyratum Thunb is several meters long, and there are air roots in the internodes. With the growth of age, the stems become thicker and the leaves become bigger and bigger. Leaves alternate, green, a few leaves will be slightly yellow mottled, and the whole is heart-shaped. Its rhetoric "watching for happiness" also increases its appreciation. Environmental protection value environmentalists have found that a pot of green radish is equivalent to an air purifier in an 8 ~ 10 square meter room, which can effectively absorb harmful gases such as formaldehyde, benzene and trichloroethylene in the air. Green radish is not only tenacious, but also has the ability to purify the air as much as ivy and chlorophytum when placed indoors. The newly paved floor is very prone to produce harmful substances. Because green radish can purify benzene, trichloroethylene and formaldehyde in the air at the same time, it is very suitable for being placed in a newly renovated room. In principle, green radish likes humidity, so it is best to keep the basin soil moist often during the growing season. In summer, while fully watering, we should also pay attention to spraying water on the leaves frequently. Whether to water every day will be affected by many conditions, such as the amount of soil in the basin, the degree of plant flooding, the material of the basin, the maintenance of the environment and so on. And the water consumption varies greatly, so it needs to be grasped according to the above principles. Green radish can't be watered with rice washing water. Although there are many available nutrients in Taomi water, it must be fermented and decomposed before it can be used, otherwise it will not only cause insects, but also cause serious root rot. Green radish is very resistant to shade. If it is raised at home, it can be cultivated indoors all year round. If cultivated outdoors, attention should be paid to shading, especially in summer, to prevent direct glare, otherwise the new leaves will become smaller, the color of the leaves will be dim, and the edge of the leaves will be easily burned. Specific maintenance methods (1) The original growth condition of light green radish is that it is not sunny in the forest covered by towering trees. However, in the north of autumn and winter, in order to supplement the deficiency of temperature and photosynthesis, the illuminance should be increased. The method is to put the green radish in the best indoor light, or move to a sealed balcony to bask in the sun at noon. At the same time, when the temperature is low, try to open the window as little as possible, because in a very short time, the leaves may be frostbitten. (2) When the temperature is in the north and the room temperature is above 10℃, the green radish can safely overwinter, and when the room temperature is above 20℃, the green radish can grow normally. It is not a big problem for ordinary families to reach this temperature. It should be noted that the temperature difference is too large, and the leaves should not be close to the heating equipment. (3) Humidity refers to the water content of air in the environment where plants grow. Under the condition of ensuring normal temperature, increasing humidity is extremely beneficial to plant growth. There are several ways to increase humidity. Keep the plants close to the humidifier, which is turned on for more than 5 hours every day, so that the plants can enjoy the water mist sprayed by the humidifier; Spray water on leaves, stems and aerial roots of plants several times a day with a sprayer adjusted to fog level; Keep a proper amount of water in the flowerpot tray, and improve the local temperature of plants through evaporation of water; Wipe the leaves lightly with a cold wet towel or toilet paper or apply them lightly in a short time (65438+ 0-2 hours a day); Cover plants with transparent plastic film to create the effect of a small greenhouse, and evaporate water vapor in the soil for less than 2 hours every day to replenish water for plants. If the time is too long, it will affect the ventilation and photosynthesis of plants. (4) The watering amount in autumn and winter should be strictly controlled according to the room temperature. The temperature before heating is low, and the soil of plants evaporates slowly. Reduce watering, and the water quantity should be controlled between the original 1/4- 1/2. Even after heating, don't pour water too often, and pour less water into the basin. The water should seep through the brown silk. In addition, water should be sprayed on the aerial roots of the palm column to reduce the insufficient water absorption of the roots caused by excessive evaporation. The water poured in winter is better to bask in the sun for a day, and the water is too cold to damage the roots. (5) In northern autumn and winter, plants grow slowly or even stop growing, so fertilization should be reduced. Before winter, liquid inorganic fertilizer is mainly sprayed once every 15 days. Fertilization is mainly sprayed on the leaves after winter, mainly through the stomata on the leaves, and the fertilizer is absorbed through the stomata on the leaves, so the fertilizer effect can directly act on the leaves. Special fertilizer should be used for foliar fertilizer, and ordinary inorganic fertilizer is not easily absorbed by foliar. The flower protection series of Peking University and the flowers produced in Japan can be used as foliar fertilizer. Key points of cultivation: Raphanus sativus grows fast and its cultivation management is extensive. In the process of cultivation management, more water should be sprayed on the plants in summer, and fertilizer should be applied outside the roots every 10 day to keep the leaves green. Potted seedlings should be cut off when they grow out of the cultivation column 30cm; When the foot leaves fall off 30%-50%, it should be abandoned and replanted. Potted plants with green columns are ideal plants for courtyard doorposts and wall greening, and their leaves are also well arranged and matched. The maintenance techniques are as follows: 1. Loose, slightly acidic and neutral sandy loam rich in organic matter is the best place for cultivation and development. Change the pot once every three years. Green radish is a negative plant, which avoids direct sunlight, likes scattered light and is more resistant to shade. Usually it takes four hours to receive scattered light, and the growth and development of green radish is the best. Second, cutting and burying stems for propagation. Choose strong rattan, cut it into two sections, be careful not to hurt the air roots, then insert it into plain sand or cinder to the depth of 1/3 of the cuttings, drench it with water, put it in a cool place, and spray a new high-fat film for moisturizing, and the survival rate will be improved by more than 90%. Third, the green radish likes greater air humidity and humid environment. Summer is the peak of radish growth. Spraying the aerial roots and leaves of radish several times a day can not only clean the dust of the leaves, but also make the leaves green, reduce the temperature of the leaves, increase the air humidity in the microenvironment and make the leaves grow better. Fertilization of radish is mainly based on nitrogen fertilizer, supplemented by potassium fertilizer. Spray new high-fat film to keep fertilizer and moisture. In winter, the room temperature is low, and the green radish is in a dormant state. Water less and keep the soil dry. 4. The optimum growth temperature of radish is 20℃-28℃ during the day and 15℃- 18℃ at night. As long as the indoor temperature is not lower than 10℃ in winter, the green radish can survive the winter safely. If the temperature is lower than 5℃, it will easily cause defoliation and affect its growth. Spraying Zhuangganling at the right time during the growth period can make the stems and leaves stout, fresh and tender, and the plants flourish. 4-5 plants are planted in each pot or directly cutted, and a brown column is arranged in the middle of the pot, which is convenient for the green radish to wind up and grow. Plastic pruning is carried out in spring. When the stems and vines are covered with brown columns and the tips are about 20 cm beyond the brown columns, cut off the stems and tips of 2-3 of them by 40 cm. When new buds and leaves germinate after short cutting, the shoot tips of other plants are cut off. For potted plants whose whole plants or lower leaves fall off due to freezing in winter or other reasons, the stems and vines can be cut by half 1/2, and the other half by 2/3 or 3/4, so that the height of the cuttings is staggered, and the new leaves of rice growing under the cuttings can be quickly covered with brown columns. Maintenance methods for offices and families (1) Green radish is bought from Guangzhou all over the country in winter. Generally, green radish is frozen, so yellow leaves will appear soon when it is placed indoors, and these frozen leaves will reappear after the yellow leaves fall. (2) Generally, newly-bought radish has an adaptation period of about 1 month in the new environment, and it is normal for yellow leaves to appear at the bottom, but it should be remembered that yellow leaves or dead leaves should not be peeled directly, but should be cut from the middle of the petiole to avoid excessive water loss, and peeling directly will increase the wound; Thereby causing the upper leaves to turn yellow. (3) Green radish is not afraid of the dark, but it can't be raised well in a very dark environment! You can move the position regularly and adjust it to a place with good light; But you can't explode! (4) Raising green radish should also be properly ventilated. (5) Water can wet the pillars full of aerial roots. Spray some nitrogen fertilizer on the leaves from time to time and pour some ferrous sulfate diluent into the soil. (6) If the leaves are already yellow! It is not good to control too much or too little watering! At this time, put the green radish in a place with good ventilation and lighting! (7) The green radish is afraid that it will turn black when it is frozen to death. (8) When the green radish grows very long and climbs over the top of the column, it can be cut off or turned upside down to make it climb down. Don't let it grow wildly. There are many reasons for the yellowing of the leaves at the bottom of the green radish: occasionally it is normal metabolism during the growth period, but the interval is long; Excessive watering or drought; The water supply should be dry and wet; Fertilization should be stopped after autumn cooling; Pay attention to lighting and ventilation indoors; Water should be sprayed properly in winter. In addition, some reasons for the yellowing of green radish leaves are mostly due to the roots. Yellow leaves are just appearances, and rotten roots are yellow leaves. Green radish's family potted plants are relatively simple. First of all, there are at least four seedlings in a pot. Potted soil should be loose and fertile, rich in organic matter, which is conducive to molding. Secondly, the green radish is required to grow in an environment with high temperature (the room temperature should not be lower than 10℃ in winter) and strong scattered light. If it is too dark for a long time, the internodes will be slender and weak, and the leaves will become thinner and lighter, losing luster. In late spring and early summer (April-August), the branches of1.5cm-30cm were cut off, and the leaves at the base of 1 ~ 2 nodes were removed. Then, 3-5 plants in each pot were directly potted with culture soil, watered, planted in a cool and ventilated place, and kept moist, which could take root and sprout in about one month, and grow into plants with ornamental value that year.