If the shaping takes up 2 bytes (that is, 16 bits), then the smallest number is minus 2 to the power of 15, and the largest number is minus 2 to the power of 15/.

Similarly,

If the shaping takes up 4 bytes (32 bits), then the smallest number is 3 1 power of minus 2, and the largest number will reduce 3 1 power of 2 by 1.

Why is it 15 power? Because the storage symbol (positive or negative) occupies 1 bit.