Make fish specimens

1. Preparation of soaking specimens

(1) electrical appliances

① Anatomy tray, specimen bottle and syringe: used for holding specimens and injecting fixative into specimens.

② Formalin solution: used for the fixation and preservation of specimens.

(2) manufacturing method steps.

The preparation method of soaked specimens is relatively simple, and only two steps are needed: fixation and preservation.

① fixed. Put the executed specimen on the dissecting disc, inject an appropriate amount of 5 ~ 10% formalin solution into the abdomen, and then put it in a specimen bottle containing 5 ~ 10% formalin for fixation. When fixing, the back of the specimen should face up, the limbs should be prone in life, and the fingers and toes should be stretched well. The fixed time takes about several hours to 1 day.

2 save. Soak the specimen in 5% formalin solution or 70% alcohol semen for preservation.

Second, make bone specimens.

(1) electrical appliances

① Scalpel, scissors and tweezers: used to remove soft tissue.

(2) Glass sink and dissection tray: used for placing specimens in the production process.

③ Cardboard, pin and glue: used for setting and fixing specimens.

④ Specimen bedplate: used for placing bone specimens and made of wooden boards.

⑤ 0.5 ~ 0.8% sodium hydroxide solution: used to corrode the residual muscles on the specimen.

⑥ Gasoline: used to remove the fat in the sample.

⑦3% hydrogen peroxide: used for bleaching specimens.

(2) manufacturing method steps.

The method of making bone specimens is complicated, which requires soft tissue removal, corrosion, degreasing, bleaching, shaping, mounting and other steps.

① Remove soft tissue. Including peeling, eviscerating and muscle removal. Skinning should start from the abdomen, cut the abdominal skin with scissors and peel it to all parts of the body layer by layer. When peeling, be careful not to break the phalanges and phalanges. After peeling, gut and eyeball are dug out, and then meat is removed. When cutting meat, don't cut the ligaments connecting the skull, shoulder straps and limbs, but keep the joints connected with the ligaments. When the muscle is basically removed, lead wire with appropriate thickness is inserted into the cranial cavity between the cervical vertebra and occipital bone to destroy the brain tissue, and then the lead wire is inserted into the vertebra to extrude the spinal cord. Then rinse the sample with water.

② Corrosion. Soak the bone with soft tissue removed in 0.5 ~ 0.8% sodium hydroxide to corrode the remaining soft tissue. Take it out after about 1 ~ 3 days and rinse it with clean water. At this time, the soft tissue on the bone has been corroded clean.

③ Defatting. Use gasoline to remove grease that corrodes bones. The degreasing time is about 1 ~ 2 days.

④ Bleaching. Soak the defatted bone in 3% hydrogen peroxide solution for bleaching. Bleaching takes about 1 ~ 4 days. During bleaching, it needs to be checked frequently. As long as the specimen is white, it should be taken out in time.

5 plastic surgery. Put the bleached bone flat on a wooden board or a foamed plastic board, arrange the body and limbs in a natural posture, and fix it on the board with clips and pins to prevent the specimen from deforming during drying. Under the mandible and thoracic vertebrae, paper balls should be padded to make them look up in life. It is also necessary to stick two upper scapulas on both sides of the transverse process of the second and third cervical vertebrae respectively, and stick them with glue after the bones are dry, so that all the bones can be connected into a whole.

6 shelves. Put the reshaped bones on the specimen bedplate, stick the wrist bones of the forelimb and metatarsal bones of the hind limb on the specimen bedplate with glue, and attach labels, indicating the number, name, collection time, collection place, collector and producer, and then save them for later use.