(1) site. After turning over the pot and watering it, the five-needle pine should be planted in the shade for 10 day, then moved to the semi-cloudy and semi-sunny place for a week, and then placed in a sunny, ventilated and humid place for maintenance. It is afraid of the scorching sun, especially the exquisite five-needle pine bonsai with flowerpots. Because there is less soil in the basin, it is more afraid of the scorching sun, so it should be placed in a semi-cloudy and semi-sunny place in summer. When the weather is dry and hot, spray water 1 ~ 2 times on the ground near the five-needle pine bonsai every morning and evening to keep the humidity of the microclimate. In late autumn and early winter in the north, move the five-needle pine bonsai into a smoke-free room (because the smoke of five-needle pine is more harmful than that of ordinary potted flowers), and the room temperature should be around 5℃. If the room temperature is too high, it will affect winter dormancy, which is not conducive to the growth of the next year. The soil for potted Pinus taiwanensis requires sandy soil with good drainage and ventilation, rich organic matter and slight acidity. Generally, humus soil is mixed with yellow soil (or black soil) and sandy soil in a ratio of 6: 3: 1. Potted soil should not be alkaline, otherwise it will be unfavorable for growth, and pine needles will turn yellow and fall off.
(2) change pots. When five needles pine first enters the pot, it is advisable to use a plain-fired clay pot, which is well ventilated and easy to survive. After the basin is covered, it will be replaced with a simple and dark purple sand pottery basin. Potted soil should be changed every 3-4 years, and the changing time should be from the end of February to the beginning of April or from September to the middle of 10. When changing pots, cut off some old roots properly and water them.
(3) water. Five-needle pine likes humid environment, but it is afraid of waterlogging, as long as the basin soil is kept moist. April-May is the season when the new buds of Pinus pentaphylla germinate and grow vigorously, so it is necessary to control water properly, because water can make the new branches steep and the needles elongate. When the temperature is high in summer, it should be watered before 10 or after 16. In winter, when the temperature is low and the water demand is reduced, it is necessary to water less. If the soil is wet, you can't water it. Water should be done around noon, when the temperature is the highest. Five needles pine is most afraid of waterlogging damage to the root system, so it should be watered moderately, not too much, and the foliar water should be sprayed frequently. Soil moisture should be kept between 15%-30%, and natural water is the best. Generally, water 1 time a day in spring and autumn, twice a day in summer, and several days 1 time in winter. At the same time, we should master it flexibly according to the change of weather.
(4) fertilization. Five needles pine should adopt the method of thin fertilizer and less application, and it is appropriate to apply fully decomposed cake fertilizer. Fertilization of mature plants should be carried out in spring and autumn. Spring fertilizer is applied every 10 day 2-3 months before germination, and the concentration is about 15%, which promotes germination and long branches. It is hot in July and August, so it is suitable to apply 10% diluted fertilizer water once a month 1 time, once in the morning and once in the evening. September is the fastest growth stage of American ginseng, so autumn fertilizer can be properly concentrated (the fertilizer concentration can be increased to about 25%) to promote more axillary buds and fewer flower buds, and there are enough nutrients for the growth of stems and branches. After Io is finished, fertilization should be stopped. In addition, fertilization depends on the weather. If it rains for a long time, Chu Qing should not fertilize immediately; If it doesn't rain for a long time, water it first and then fertilize it after 2-3 days.
(5) lighting. Five needles pine is a strong positive plant, so the flowerpot should be kept in a dry, ventilated and sunny place at ordinary times. Too wet and cloudy is not conducive to its growth. Five-needle pine seedlings planted by Agricultural Bank of China 1-2 should be properly shaded at noon in summer to prevent needles from being burned by excessive sunlight, and placed in the open air at other times to allow them to fully receive sunlight. In this way, the five-needle pine bonsai has dense branches and leaves, thick green, high ornamental value and few pests and diseases.
(6) plastic surgery. After years of growth, some branches of the five-needle pine bonsai will grow too long, too dense or misplaced, and they will be reshaped every year. The shaping time should be from June 1 1 to March of the following year, because during this period, the five-needle pine is in dormancy, the sap flows slowly, and the rosin overflows less after pruning. Plastic surgery generally adopts a combination of Pinza and pruning. For branches that are too long, one is to cut them short, and the other is to tie them into an irregular "S" shape with metal wires to make them shorter. Branches that are too dense and do not need modeling must be cut off. Some beginners think it's a pity to cut off only a few branches a year. In fact, they should not cut them, but will suffer from them. Too dense and messy branches will seriously affect the shape and artistic conception of bonsai.
Picking buds is an important plastic measure to maintain the tree-like beauty of five-needle pine bonsai. In order to shorten the length of branches and make them properly dense, in addition to controlling fertilizer and water, buds not needed for modeling should be removed in time, and the remaining buds should also be removed according to their length 1/2-2/3. Don't pick buds too early, wait until the leaf buds and flower buds are clearly distinguished. There is a bunch of buds at the lower part of the bud, and the flowers fall behind to form leafless long branches. This kind of bud is best removed, but it can be kept if the shape needs it.
(7) pest control. The main diseases of Pinus pentaphylla include rust, root rot, sooty blotch and so on, which can be controlled by spraying 1-2 Childo solution in winter. Pests include scale insects, red spiders, aphids and so on. , can be captured manually, washed with pesticides or controlled. At the same time, attention should be paid to ventilation and light transmission, and the soil in the basin should not be too wet to prevent pests and diseases. The cultivated five-needle pine is prone to diseases and insect pests, such as leaf blight, pine defoliation, pine moth and scale insect, if it is not properly maintained. If leaf blight and pine defoliation are found, the diseased leaves should be removed in time and sprayed with 800 times of 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder; When it is found that Dendrolimus punctatus and scale insects harm the tips and needles, 80% dichlorvos EC 1000 times of water can be sprayed for control.
In midsummer and early winter, some needles in the middle of branches often appear irregular yellowing, which is a general manifestation of the normal metabolism of five-needle pine. However, every summer, the leaves of five-needle pine raised by some flower lovers will turn yellow, and some leaves will die after late autumn, which will greatly affect the ornamental value.
Training precautions:
(1) Too much water, or too much rain in June every year, and the soil in the basin is often too wet, coupled with poor drainage and water accumulation in the basin, resulting in lack of oxygen in the soil, rotten roots and yellow needles.
(2) In hot summer, the water evaporates quickly and the needle is burnt due to insufficient water. If exposed to the hot sun, the soil in the basin is too dry, and the tip of the thimble of the five-needle pine will also be scorched. If the water shortage persists; Plants will eventually die.
(3) Five-needle pine is left indoors for a long time, and the light and air are insufficient, which violates the habit of five-needle pine to avoid light outdoors, or suddenly moves outdoors and encounters exposure to the sun. In order to avoid the dead leaves of Pinus pentaphylla, corresponding preventive and rescue measures should be taken according to the above reasons.
method of grafting
Generally, 3-year-old seedlings of Pinus thunbergii are used as rootstocks, and 2-year-old semi-lignified branches (about 6 cm long) of Pinus pentaphylla are selected as scions, which are carried out in the middle and late March. When grafting, a sharp grafting knife is used to obliquely cut a knife from top to bottom 5-8 cm above the root neck of Pinus thunbergii, and the incision is about 2 cm long and 0.4-0.6 cm deep. Then, several bundles of needles are reserved at the top of the prepared black pine scion, the lower side needles are cut off, and then the stems with xylem on one side are cut into gentle slopes with the same length as the rootstock incision, and the two layers are aligned.
After grafting, tie it with wet hemp skin or plastic film from bottom to top, not too tight or too loose, and don't shift it. Connect the shaded places, when the scion is healed, the branches are straight and new leaves are issued, indicating that the grafting has been grafted. If the joint is bound with hemp skin, the hemp skin will naturally fall off with the healing and survival of the joint and the passage of time. If the plastic film is used as the binding belt, it must be removed in autumn and winter, otherwise it will affect the normal growth of the five-needle pine after grafting.
In order to ensure the success of grafting seedlings at one time. After the grafting survives in spring, the upper branches of Pinus thunbergii 1/3 will be cut off in autumn, and then 1/3 will be cut off when it grows in the next spring, and all of them will be pulled out in winter, so as to balance the nutrient supply relationship between rootstocks and scions and prevent the supply imbalance from causing scions to wither and die. But if the scion grows vigorously, all the upper branches of the rootstock can be cut off in winter.
Bud grafting method of five-needle pine
Black pine is a tall evergreen tree, which grows rapidly and can grow into a thick trunk in about 4 years. However, its branches are large and loose, and its ornamental value is not high, while the five-needle pine grows slowly, its tree shape is short, its needles are thin and short, and its ornamental value is high. In order to overcome their shortcomings and give full play to their respective advantages, it is usually changed into black pine by budding on a basically formed crown of black pine.
When the bud is grafted on the terminal bud of five kinds of pine trees, it is best to choose the terminal bud that grows vigorously on the sunny side (if it is obviously green, it is not suitable for grafting); Bud grafting usually occurs in March. The specific method is: select the bud head of 1-2 cm long five-needle pine as scion, and cut the base into a wedge shape with a sharp knife, with one side slightly longer and the other side slightly shorter. Then, cut the interface on the leafy side branches of Pinus thunbergii, so that the long segment of the grafted bud faces the interface and the cortex on both sides is consistent. It is better to have more buds on each side branch. After that, it is bound and fixed with narrow tape and maintained in the sprouting place. About a month and a half later, it began to check whether it was alive or not. If the scion begins to grow new leaves, it means that the bud has begun to grow.
After the graft survives, it should be carefully maintained, and it is likely to die if it is not properly maintained. In the following spring, according to the growth of budding, the leafy side branches of black pine can be cut off several times to turn a black pine into a five-needle pine. The following five needles pine, old piles and new skills, beautiful posture, miniature feeling of big trees. After artistic treatment, you can climb into various postures.