When half the leaves of the plant have yellow leaves, the root pulp of ginseng is solid, and the skin color is pale yellow or white, it can be harvested. Experiments show that the harvesting period of ginseng should be early September (around the Millennium). At this time, the content of ginseng and ginsenoside is high, and the starch content is large. Ginseng is quite solid and plump, and it is used for processing sun-dried ginseng, with full shape, less shrinkage and solid quality.
To sum up, harvesting ginseng from the end of August to the middle of September is beneficial to the comprehensive utilization of ginseng stems and leaves and can increase economic benefits.
How long does it take to grow ginseng?
It depends on your ambition and patience. You can plant it for two years and sell it as a seedling. If you want it to grow up and sell ginseng and ginseng seeds, you can keep it all the time After three years, ginseng bears seeds, ginseng flowers are also valuable, and ginseng stems are also valuable!
When will ginseng be harvested?
Usually in August and early September.
When can Changbai Mountain ginseng be harvested?
autumn
In what month is ginseng usually planted?
Planting techniques of ginseng
I. Overview
Alias Baba, Ginseng and Garden Ginseng.
It is the root of Araliaceae ginseng (p.schin-sengnees), and its leaves are also used as medicine, which is called ginseng leaves. Perennial herbs. Function of nature and taste: sweet and slightly bitter. Slightly warming, invigorating qi, promoting fluid production, calming the heart and invigorating qi. Produced in Changbai Mountain in Jilin, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Hebei, Shanxi, Hubei and other places.
Second, the plant characteristics
Ginseng plants are 33 ~ 66 cm high, with single, upright, cylindrical, smooth and hairless stems. The leaves are palmately compound, with long petioles, the smallest basal leaves, oval leaflets, serrated edges, green surfaces and sparse hairs along the leaves. Umbellies are solitary, with 4 ~ 40 small flowers, yellow-green. The lower end of the stem is often divided, and the top end has roots, commonly known as reed head.
Third, the growth characteristics
Ginseng likes to grow in cold, semi-cloudy and semi-sunny places, which is cold-resistant and avoids direct sunlight. Shading shed should be built during cultivation. Sunshine is suitable before 8: 00 am and after 6: 00 pm, and direct sunlight at noon will scorch ginseng leaves. Suitable for growth below 25℃. Forest humus soil is most suitable for cutting ginseng, and farmland soil can also be planted with fully decomposed pig manure, compost and other cool fertilizers. It is required that broad-leaved forest land such as oak, linden and stick should have neutral or weakly acidic soil. When planting ginseng in farmland, it is best to plant Gramineae and Leguminosae in previous crops, such as corn, sorghum, millet, soybean and wheat. Rhizome crops are worse than previous crops. The land where ginseng has been planted should not be planted again in the short term. Fear of stagnant water, avoid drought.
After picking and sowing ginseng seeds, it takes 20 ~ 2 1 month to germinate and 8 ~ 9 months to accelerate germination. Because ginseng seeds have two processes: embryo post-ripening and physiological post-ripening, it needs certain temperature and humidity conditions to complete this process. Under field conditions, seeds were sown in 5 cm thick soil, the soil humidity was about 35%, and the soil temperature from sowing to seed cracking was about 17 ~ 18℃. At this time, the change of soil temperature from high to low can be roughly divided into three stages: the first stage is sowing to the visible point of seed embryo, and the average temperature is about 265438 0℃; In the second stage, from the visible point of embryo to 1/2 milk, the average ground temperature is about 17.4℃. In the third stage, the embryo accounts for 1/2 of the endosperm to crack. At this time, the endosperm continues to grow for one stage. After more than three months of low temperature (about 5℃), when the temperature rises to11.8 ~15.2℃ in spring, the germination rate can reach over 90% in about 20 days.
Fourth, cultivation techniques.
1. Choose a place where the environment for planting ginseng requires no flood, drought, wind disaster or freezing damage. To plant ginseng in farmland in plain areas, we should choose land with high terrain, loose and fertile soil, strong water retention and good drainage. Ginseng likes the soil in forest-rotting areas. If the content of soil organic matter is low, organic fertilizer should be added during soil preparation to make the soil fertile and close to forest humus. If ordinary farmland is used as cultivated land, the previous crops of corn, millet, beans and wheat are better; You can also sow corn and beans in spring and turn them into green manure in summer. Apply all 1/3 decomposed pig manure, decomposed leaves, green manure (soybean straw) and cake fertilizer, 1/3 peat. If the soil is tight, add an appropriate amount of fine sand and mix with 1/3 for three times. When mixing soil, apply 0.0 1 ~ 0.025 kg of calcium superphosphate per square meter to increase fertility, or apply 2.5 kg of pig manure, 1 kg of old house soil, 0.5 kg of bean cake and 0.5 kg of calcium superphosphate per square meter, and mix them evenly with the border soil. To cultivate ginseng on the hillside, we should choose a gentle slope with a slope of 5 ~ 25 degrees and a high dryness, and generally it is appropriate to use a platform and a mountainous area with a slope of 20 ~ 30 degrees. The slope is too large, which is inconvenient to operate and easy to cause soil erosion. Soil with thick humus (about 1.3 cm) should be selected, and a certain amount of base fertilizer should be applied if conditions permit.
After selecting the mountain, the site will be treated. Clear the trees and stones out of the construction site, then cut down the shrubs and grass on the ground, spread them evenly on the ground to dry, make a fire around, choose a windless day, clean up the clearing, light a fire, and turn them all into red charcoal to put out the fire. It can be buried in the soil or watered with water to increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and kill underground pests. The ground temperature rises, accelerating decomposition.
There is a principle for planting ginseng in mountainous areas: "wear a hat, belt and boots" to prevent soil erosion. According to the steep slope, a dam is set aside to block the drainage. So determine the location of the drainage dam after burning the construction site. Generally, a pedal is set every 2000 ~ 4000 cm with a width of 100 cm, and the included angle between the slope of the pedal and the contour line of the mountain is 2 ~ 3 degrees, which is reserved as a tree column of the pedal and plays a fixed role. When turning the ground, the position of the fixed pedal does not turn over. Ying ... >>
Who participated in the harvest that year?
Dangshen, it should be or radish.
How many years is the suitable harvesting period for cultivating ginseng?
Wild ginseng has a specific living environment, and Chinese medicine places special emphasis on nailing habitat. The properties of drugs vary greatly in different environments. Cultivated wild ginseng can't compare with wild ginseng, except for different environment and different growth rate. The same weight, artificial cultivation is only 2 years, wild ginseng is 40 to 50 years, so the accumulation is different, and the difference can be imagined.
How many years does ginseng mature?
There is no question of how long ginseng will mature. The older the ginseng, the older the better. But it depends on who is involved. Generally, 6 years is the best time to eat ginseng; The temperature in Changbai Mountain is tens of degrees below zero, but it lasts for a long time. Authentic ginseng and transplanted ginseng grow slowly. In 6 years, they have reached the mature season of ginseng, and the nutritional components have reached a peak. Ginseng glycoside has been completely formed. When you grow up, you will only increase your body shape and will not increase your nutrients.
When will the artificial planting of ginseng bear fruit?
(1) brief introduction of plant characteristics and varieties
1. Plant characteristics Ginseng (Figure 8- 1) is about 60 cm high, with palmately compound leaves, lanceolate or elliptic, shallow serrations at the edge, fat and straight roots, branches at the lower part, and a rhizome is planted at the top of the main root, which withers once a year in autumn, leaving a disc-shaped stem mark on the rhizome, commonly known as "Luwan". Perianth 5, yellow-green, stamens 5, pistil 1, lower ovary, bright red mature berries, oblate seeds.
2. Variety introduction
(1) farm varieties
① The taproot of Malaysia is short and thick, with large reed bowl, fast growth and high yield. Fusong County, Jilin Province is the representative producing area.
② The rhizome and main body of Ermaya are longer and the lateral roots are less. After plastic surgery, its legs are as beautiful as human figures, and it is called the "flat god". Wild ginseng enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad, with Ji 'an City, Jilin Province as the representative producing area.
(3) The long-necked rhizome is slender and the ginseng is small and exquisite. After years of cultivation, it can replace wild ginseng, which is called "Chongshan Ginseng". The main producing area is Kuandian County, Liaoning Province.
④ The rhizome length, plant growth speed and its size are between the two branches and the long neck.
(2) bred varieties
① ArticleNo. 1 China Medical College
science
After more than 20 years' efforts, the Institute of Medicinal Plants of China Academy of Sciences cooperated with a ginseng farm in Ji 'an, Jilin Province, and bred a new ginseng variety Biantiao 1 with high yield and good quality through systematic breeding.
② Guo Huangrenshen and Ji Shen 1 Specialty Research Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences also cultivated Guo Huangrenshen with high content of effective components and Ji Shen 1 with high yield and good quality.
All the above varieties are expanding their reproduction and promotion.
(2) Biological characteristics
1. The growth and development of ginseng in the main producing areas in Northeast China emerged in May, blossomed in June, matured in July and August, and withered in June. The whole growth period was 130 ~ 150 days.
It usually takes six years from sowing to harvesting ginseng. Basically, a compound leaf is added to the aboveground part every year, and the compound leaf consists of three leaflets (commonly known as three flowers) every year, and a compound leaf consisting of five leaflets is added every year in subsequent years. After six years, the compound leaves no longer increased. The growth of underground roots is increasing year by year, and the average plant weight ranges from 0.5-0.8 grams a year to 50-80 grams in six years, with the highest reaching 300 grams. ..
Ginseng began to bear seeds at the age of three, and it increased year by year, but keeping seeds affected the yield. Therefore, seeds should be stored 1 time in the fourth or fifth year.
2. Requirements for environmental conditions Ginseng is a negative plant, and the requirements for light are strict. The compensation point of ginseng light is about 400 lux. When the light intensity increased from 400 lux to 10 000 lux, the photosynthetic rate seemed to increase linearly. The optimum light intensity of ginseng growth varies with latitude and temperature. High latitude and low temperature require strong light, and vice versa. 7000-22 000 lux in high latitude low temperature area and 7000- 10000 lux in low latitude high temperature area.
Ginseng likes cold climate, and can be cultivated under the conditions of annual average temperature of 2.4 ~ 13.9℃ and annual rainfall of 500 ~ 2000 mm. It has been successfully introduced and cultivated in subtropical low latitude and high altitude mountainous areas, such as Guangxi, Fujian, Yunnan and other alpine mountainous areas.
Ginseng is neither drought-tolerant nor waterlogging-tolerant, and the relative water content of soil should be above 70% ~ 80%. Therefore, it is extremely important to do a good job of irrigation and drainage.
(III) Cultivation techniques Ginseng cultivation mainly includes woodland cultivation and farmland cultivation (wild ginseng cultivation is introduced in another article).
1. Planting ginseng in woodland
(1) Broad-leaved forest land with slope below 15o, sandy loam with high humus content or live loess with pH value of 5.5-6.8 should be selected for land selection and soil preparation. Generally, planting land in the first year and planting ginseng in the second year will ripen the soil, increase fertility and reduce pests and diseases. Before soil preparation, pesticide such as cake fertilizer, carbendazim and carbaryl can be applied to the ground at the ratio of 50g, 20g and15g per square meter respectively, and mixed with human soil to make it1.2-1.4m wide and 0.5m high.
(2) Breeding methods
① Seed treatment requires spring and autumn sowing to accelerate germination. Because ginseng seeds belong to the type of incomplete embryo development, the newly harvested seed embryo is very small, consisting of only a few cells, such as the size of a needle tip, which is almost invisible to the naked eye. They need to be mixed with wet sand and stored in a humid environment. After 3-4 months of 20-65438 02℃ day and night temperature change, the seed embryo grows and the seed divides. This stage is called morphological post-ripening stage, and then stored at a low temperature of about 5℃ for 2-3 months.
(2) sow in the northeast ginseng producing area of Jilin Province, Ji 'an and other places with warmer climate, and harvest in July. & gt
When is ginseng planted?
Ginseng seed sowing is divided into spring sowing, summer sowing and autumn sowing.
Spring sowing (soil thawing in late April) can accelerate germination, and seedlings can emerge in the same year. Because of the spring drought, border sowing aggravated the soil drought and affected the emergence rate.
Sowing in areas with short frost-free period in summer should be completed in late June. Sowing in areas with long frost-free period can be completed in early July and mid-July, and in early August. Only qianzi and water hyacinth can be planted, which needs proper management to increase labor consumption, and does not need artificial germination, so as to avoid losses caused by improper management during germination.
/kloc-sowing in the middle and late autumn of October will accelerate germination, which is beneficial to spring germination. There are more seeds sown during this period.