When should peach trees be transplanted?

1. Key points of transplantation:

1. Transplantation and planting time: The best transplantation period is from the peach tree falling leaves to before germination in the second year, from late autumn after falling leaves to before the soil freezes. The aboveground part of the tree is in a dormant state, and large trees can also be transplanted. Large trees that are difficult to survive need to be transplanted with bulbs. You can transplant them with bulbs in late autumn and early winter, but you must avoid severe cold periods and protect the soil surface from wind and cold. In Yiyuan, Shandong, it is best to transplant them 2 years ago (you can transplant them together with walnut trees).

2. Garden site selection: According to the characteristics of peach trees, you should choose a location with higher terrain, good drainage, deep soil, loose soil, sufficient sunlight, and convenient transportation for planting. Planting peaches in soil where peach trees were planted in the previous crop is likely to cause serious disease, so continuous cropping in peach orchards should be avoided. (It is best that no peach trees have been planted here before).

3. Cultivation density: The spacing between planting rows is 4m×5m or 3m×4m, and 500-840 plants are planted per hectare. The planting period can be from after leaf fall to before germination. Peach orchards should not be continuously cropped, otherwise the growth of saplings will be significantly weakened, leaves will turn green, new roots will turn brown and have many forks, and branches will ooze gum.

4. Colonization technology: Mark the colonization points according to the park plan and plant row spacing, and dig a planting pit centered on the colonization point. The pit is required to be 80-100 cm deep and 100 cm wide. When planting, place the seedlings in the center of the pit, straighten out the root system, and step firmly while filling in the pit to plant the seedlings firmly and tightly. After planting, the soil in the pit is 20 cm higher than the surrounding ground, and a tree tray with a diameter of about 1 meter is made to prevent the tree from sinking and accumulating water after the pit soil sinks (i.e., ridge cultivation).

Warm reminder: When there are conditions and time: Stack the excavated topsoil and subsoil separately. After digging, fill the topsoil back into the pit. First apply 50-100 kilograms of decomposed fertilizer, and then mix the soil with Mix the fertilizer thoroughly and fill in part of the subsoil.

Summary of the key points of planting: dig holes at fixed points, fertilize and backfill, water deeply, dig small holes before planting, plant, water after planting, and cover with mulch film.

2. Key points of peach tree cultivation and management techniques:

(1) Plastic pruning

1. Plastic shaping: According to the light-loving characteristics of peach trees, peach trees have an average shape. Take a natural open shape. The fixed stem height is generally 30-40 cm. After the peach seedlings are planted and before they germinate in the spring, they are cut at the full buds 50-60 cm above the ground. About 20 cm below the cut is the shaping tape. After germination, wipe off all the buds below the plastic band, and arrange three main branches in a balanced manner on the main trunk. The angle between the three main branches is 120°, and the opening angle of each main branch is 45-50°. Configure side branch and fruiting branch groups. The distance between side branches is about 50-60 cm, and 2-3 side branches can be left for each main branch.

2. Pruning: Peach tree pruning can be divided into winter pruning and summer pruning.

Winter pruning is carried out during the dormant period after the peach tree falls. The methods include pruning (cutting the branches shorter), retraction (shorting perennial branches or branch groups), and thinning (cutting the branches from the base). remove). Summer pruning is an auxiliary pruning performed after budding in spring and before leaves fall in autumn. There are two types of pruning: bud wiping (erasing leggy branches), topping (removing the young top parts of new shoots), and branch pulling (opening the angle of the branches). Trims can be combined with each other.

The main task of pruning in the sapling stage is to expand the crown of the tree as quickly as possible, complete the shaping work, and cultivate various branch groups in a planned manner to ease the tree's vigor and promote early fruiting and early high yield.

Pruning during the fruiting period. During this period, the crown gradually opens and the tree vigor eases. When pruning, attention should be paid to improving the lighting conditions inside the crown. The amount of pruning should increase year by year as the amount of fruit increases. It should be retracted and updated in time to prevent fruiting. Move the part upward.

(2) Fruit thinning and bagging (similar to apples):

1. Fruit thinning: Peach trees grow flowers easily and have a high fruit setting rate. If fruit thinning is not carried out, Too much fruit is produced, the fruit shape becomes smaller and the quality decreases. Fruit thinning is usually carried out within two weeks after flowering. It is divided into two times. The first time is light thinning, and the second time is carried out after a week. Fruit thinning should be done first to thin out small fruits, double fruits, deformed fruits, and fruits with diseases and insect pests. Leave more on the upper part of the upright varieties and less on the lower part, and leave more on the inner part of the open varieties.

2. Bagging: The time should be immediately after the fruiting or physiological fruiting.

When is the best time to fertilize peach trees?

1. Soil management: In autumn, dig fertilization trenches and apply basal fertilizer to expand the tree disk. Within 1 to 2 years after the peach seedlings are planted, other crops can be intercropped between the rows, such as peanuts, soybeans, sweet potatoes, peppers, etc. However, avoid planting tall crops such as corn and sunflowers. The tall plants will block the shade and light and compete for fertilizer. Seriously affect tree growth. Green manure can also be planted between rows, which can prevent weeds from overgrowing, fertilize the fields, significantly increase soil organic matter, and improve soil structure.

2. Fertilization: Peach trees grow vigorously, especially when entering the fruiting period. A large amount of nutrients must be supplemented, otherwise the peach trees will not be able to guarantee a high yield and high quality. According to the fertilization period, it can be divided into base fertilizer and top dressing.

Basic fertilizer: The basic fertilizer supplied to fruit trees for a long time, mainly slow-acting ring fertilizer, compost and other organic fertilizers. It is best to apply basal fertilizer in late autumn before peach leaves fall. The method is to dig a ring-shaped trench around the crown of the tree and apply 50-100 pounds to each plant. Large trees entering the fruiting period also need to appropriately increase the amount of fertilizer applied. Generally, a peach tree with a yield of 100 kilograms needs about 150 kilograms of standard organic fertilizer.

Top dressing: applied during the growth period of peach trees, mainly to supplement the lack of base fertilizer.

Top dressing is generally divided into three times. The first time is applied before germination, mainly with quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, to promote uniform flowering; the second time is applied during the fruit expansion stage, mainly with potassium fertilizer, combined with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers; the third time is after fruit picking. Topdressing before and after, mainly nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, can supplement the nutrients consumed by peach trees for producing large amounts of fruit, and help restore tree vigor. Top dressing method: Generally apply it in the tree tray.

Outer-root top dressing: that is, spraying fertilizer on the leaves, which has quick effect and high utilization rate. The application time can be carried out during the growth period according to the growth needs of the fruit trees. It can be sprayed together with the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, saving labor and time. Commonly used fertilizers and dosage: urea 0.3%; ammonium phosphate 0.5-1%; Trim mineral potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3-0.5%; plant ash leachate 10-20%; ferrous ammonium sulfate 0.2-1%.

Warm reminder: Top dressing outside the roots, this method works well, but everyone finds it troublesome, you can try it!

3. Irrigation and drainage: Generally, peach tree irrigation is combined with top dressing. In case of drought, additional irrigation is required. Peach trees are not tolerant of waterlogging, and low-lying peach orchards are prone to water accumulation. Therefore, drainage ditches must be dredged during the rainy season to ensure smooth drainage when the rainy season comes.