1 922 65438+1October1,Mr. Yang Zhenning was born in Hefei, Anhui Province, and obtained his master's degree in Tsinghua on 1944. 1945, Yang Zhenning, who won the "Mu Ouchu Scholarship", started his own way to study in the United States. Many people know the existence of this scientist because he married his wife, Weng Fan. The age difference between the two was over 50 years old, which was also the cause of great controversy at that time. However, they have been licensed for more than ten years and their feelings remain the same. They not only want a luxurious life, but also donated tens of millions of RMB to Tsinghua University after their marriage.
1957, Yang Zhenning, who was only in his thirties at that time, won the Nobel Prize in Physics. The reason for winning the prize is that he put forward the theory of parity non-conservation. His speech at that time said, "I want to say that I am proud of my China tradition. Similarly, I am committed to modern science. " . In fact, Yang Zhenning became an American citizen in 1964 and was elected as a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1965. 197 1 In the summer of, Yang Zhenning became the first famous American scholar to visit China, which played an important role in promoting the understanding and cultural exchange between Chinese and American people.
On April 20 1, 20 15, Mr. Yang Zhenning resumed his citizenship in China and gave up his American citizenship. Yang Zhenning was awarded the status of academician by China Academy of Sciences in 20 12, and won the "Seeking Lifelong Achievement Award" in 20 19. In fact, Mr. Yang Zhenning had lectured in universities many times before his nationality was restored. He was a professor in Tsinghua University many years ago. His contributions in condensed matter physics, statistical mechanics, particle physics and other fields are even more landmark contributions, but these scientific and academic achievements have benefited people all over the world.
Why didn't Qian Xuesen and Yuan Longping win the Nobel Prize after so many achievements?
Mr. Qian Xuesen is really great. Although he had a difficult five-year trip back to China, he still pushed forward the launching process of China's missiles and atomic bombs for at least 20 years. Born in Shanghai, Hangzhou native Qian Lao once served as a professor at California Institute of Technology and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, but he did not choose to stay in the United States like many scientists.
Mr. Qian Xuesen is the founder of manned space flight in China and one of the few academicians of China Academy of Engineering and China Academy of Sciences. He is also known as the father of China's missiles and China's space flight. But it is undeniable that Mr. Qian Xuesen and his family made some sacrifices when they returned to China. For example, the "two bombs" made him no longer have time to continue in-depth research in a certain field, and his son did not finish his college studies until he was very old.
Yuan Longping, known as the father of hybrid rice in the world, is not only a famous hybrid rice breeding expert in China, but also a foreign academician of the National Academy of Sciences. Mr. Yuan Longping graduated from Southwest University today. There is an asteroid named after Yuan Lao in the universe, because he is a leader and pioneer in the field of hybrid rice research in China.
What is Mr Yuan Longping's greatest contribution? I think there are at least these points: the three major problems of three-line hybrid rice have been solved, the key technical problems of two-line hybrid rice have been solved, and the cultivation technology of super hybrid rice. Although some netizens said that Mr. Yuan Longping supported 654.38+04 billion people, it did not conform to the basic facts. Many hybrid varieties developed by Yuan Lao are highly dependent on the environment, so the planting area is not extensive, but this is mainly because high-yield varieties have certain requirements on the environment and temperature.
As far as achievements are concerned, Mr. Qian Xuesen and Mr. Yuan Longping are certainly not small, but the Nobel Prize has its own selection criteria. Qian Lao's contribution is mainly national security, and Mr. Yuan Longping's hybrid rice is mainly used in the neighborhood. Neither of them is a creative research in a certain field. Of course, since the candidates for the Nobel Prize have not been made public, it is still unknown whether Mr. Qian Xuesen and Mr. Yuan Longping will be included in this list. There are many excellent scientists in this world, but science has no national boundaries, but scientists have national boundaries.
Why is the Nobel Prize named after a person?
There is no Nobel Prize in the world because Nobel made a special will, and he decided to use his legacy to honor those who have made great contributions to mankind. In 1895 alone, there were only five Nobel prizes in literature, peace, chemistry, physics and medicine (or physiology). Later, the Swedish central bank added the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1968.
Of course, the first time the Nobel Prize was awarded was actually 190 1 year, and the annual award ceremony was held on 65438+February 10, because this day was the anniversary of Nobel's death. I believe that the Nobel Prize winners are most happy not with the amount of the Nobel Prize itself, but with the highest honor brought by the gold medals and certificates of the Nobel Prize and the affirmation of their abilities and contributions.
Moreover, the Nobel Prize is not only awarded to foreigners, as some people think. Nobel emphasized this point in his will. The nationality of the winner is completely irrelevant, and it doesn't matter whether he is Scandinavian or not. This award is only given to those who deserve it. Mo Yan, a writer in China, received more attention after he won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 20 12, while Tu Youyou also won the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 20 15.
The Nobel Committee has clear regulations on the composition of the judges, such as the special evaluation of chemists and physics by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the evaluation of medicine or physiology by the Caroline Hospital of Royal Sweden, the evaluation of literature by the Swedish Academy of Literature, the evaluation of economics by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and the evaluation of the Peace Prize by the Norwegian Parliament.
The judges of these award-winning units will be re-elected every three years, and each unit consists of five members. Although the news of who is nominated for the Nobel Prize is reported every year, in fact, it will take 50 years for these news to be confirmed, because the list of candidates has a 50-year confidentiality period.