As we know, roads must be excavated first, and the excavated ground is called subgrade. Everything must be built on the subgrade, and then the subgrade must be shaped and rolled, and then the paving foundation (subbase) is paved. The subgrade is about 20-30 cm smaller than the two sides of the subgrade. There is a layer of subgrade on the net, and then it is paved with asphalt.
The slope on the roadside in the picture below is the shoulder.
You can also refer to Baidu Encyclopedia:
Shoulder/Project /%E8%B7%AF%E8%82%A9
Road bed? /view/96 1920.htm
Subgrade? /subview/ 162509/2032463 1 . htm