Among them, double eyelid surgery is the first choice for ordinary people to try plastic surgery.
An advertisement about opening double eyelids to some extent.
According to the "China Double Eyelid Consumption Report 20 19" published by a medical beauty platform, in the past year alone, 5 1443 people made double eyelid surgery, a direct increase of 99.59% over the previous year. These newly made double eyelids can reach 3889 meters together and can circle the FIFA standard football field 1 1.24 times. This is just the data of a platform in China beauty market.
In fact, double eyelid surgery has already ranked first in the domestic medical cosmetic surgery projects.
Not only China, but also the whole East Asia including Japan and South Korea have a soft spot for double eyelids. It can be said that this is a beauty project with oriental characteristics.
0 1 We don't have small eyes, but big faces and thick eyelids. Why do East Asians love double eyelids?
That's because we don't have it ourselves.
The stereotype of "squinting" of Asians in the West does not come out of thin air. Almost everyone in white has double eyelids and big eyes, but half of East Asians have single eyelids, and many of the remaining double eyelids are inner eyelids.
In the movie The First Kiss, Sophie Marceau plays the role of squinting.
Orientals generally have less eyes than Europeans and Americans, mainly because of ethnic differences.
According to anthropological classification, fair-skinned Europeans and Americans belong to Caucasian race according to their skin color and appearance characteristics, while Northeast Asia including Chinese mainland, Japan and South Korea is mainly Mongolian race.
The facial features of Mongolians are shallow eyes, more single eyelids or inner double eyelids, bulging eyes, medium-high nose bridge, quite flat face and soft facial contour; Caucasians, on the other hand, have higher brow bone, deeper eyes, close eyebrows and eyes, double eyelids and wide eyelids, high and stiff nose, angular facial contour and more stereoscopic appearance.
Focusing on the eyes again, the probability of white eyes being double eyelids is 99%, and they are all big eyes; Mongolians have obvious epicanthus covering the corner of their eyes, so the eyelid fat is thicker and the single eyelid looks more obvious.
A Comparison of Eyes between East Asians and Indo-Europeans
The reason why our ancestors grew up like this is actually to protect themselves-
Small eyes, thick eyelids and a lot of fat are to resist the cold weather. Fat-filled eye sockets reduce the wind area, the wrapped inner corner of the eye makes body fluids difficult to be exposed, and the thick eyelids reduce the external heat radiation. The upper eyelid thickness of Europeans is only 0.3mm, while the upper eyelid thickness of Asians is 0.8mm, and all the excess fat is filled in the corners of our eyes.
In fact, people's eyeballs are similar in length and size, but the size of eyes is actually how many eyeballs are exposed. In this way, our eyes are naturally small and there is no eye socket.
In addition to the existence of epicanthus, there is another important reason why East Asians have small eyes, that is, their faces are big.
Comparison of two face types
Mongolian faces are relatively flat. According to the 20 10 national survey of Tongji Medical College, more than 50% of the Han population in China belong to the "ultra-wide-side type", another 33.9% belong to the wide-side type, 1 1.4% belong to the middle type, and only about 4% belong to the narrow-side type or ultra-narrow-side type.
That is to say, people in China generally have bigger faces, and when they get bigger, their eyes naturally get smaller.
Our ancestors would never have thought that their weather-beaten faces evolved the ability to resist the cold, but it brought troubles to today's descendants and gave birth to a huge plastic surgery market.
The history of cutting double eyelids is miniature. Europeans and Americans all have double eyelids, so there is no such thing as cutting double eyelids in western cosmetic surgery. Double eyelid surgery was first born at the end of 19 to transform Asians.
At that time, in the United States, the narrow vision of Asians was usually associated with derogatory terms such as "immoral", "sneaky" and "untrustworthy". In order to better participate in international social activities, a Japanese obtained symmetrical double eyelids through the operation of an American doctor. This is the first case of double eyelid surgery in history.
1895 In February, the Los Angeles Times reported the first illustration of double eyelid surgery.
In China, double eyelid surgery can be traced back to the Republic of China.
Qian Zhongshu wrote in Cat: "Li Furen was dissatisfied with her appearance in two aspects since she was a child: her skin was not white and her eyelids were not double-fold ... In Japan, she went to the hospital to modify her eyelids, and the wine color on her left cheek deepened. Mrs. Li's new eyes, which cost 500 yuan a day, are like lightning in artistic photography, reflecting and setting off her original beauty. "
Li Furen in the novel is said to be Lin, the goddess of the Republic of China. At that time, many people, especially some movie stars, had plastic surgery. For example, the famous actor and singer Zhou Xuan cut his double eyelids.
Comparison before and after double eyelid incision
In addition to cutting double eyelids, rhinoplasty, dermabrasion, dimple and breast augmentation appeared in Shanghai, Beijing, Yangzhou and other big cities in the 1930s.
However, the popularity of double eyelid surgery in China today is more influenced by the Korean cosmetic market.
Before the Korean War, there was no concept of plastic surgery in Korea. After the Korean War, a number of disfigured soldiers and civilians appeared in South Korea. An American doctor named Mi Leide began to help Koreans with plastic surgery.
Mi Leide, a man, also has a magical sense of mission. He believes that Asian faces are too negative and must be transformed to integrate into the international stage. So, while restoring the patient's appearance, he also made a double eyelid surgery for the patient.
Mi Leide designed "golden ratio" double eyelids according to European and American standards. Later, he wrote in the American Journal of Ophthalmology: "Asian eyelids give people a negative impression, symbolizing the indifference and restraint attitude towards everything in eastern culture."
1960 Korean beauty queen Sun Meizi VS20 12 Korean beauty champion Li.
However, the real popularity of cutting double eyelid surgery has something to do with Korean prostitutes. In order to attract the attention of American soldiers, they chose to be double eyelid surgery. 196 1 year, Korea opened its first cosmetic surgery clinic. Today, double eyelid surgery is still the most popular cosmetic surgery in Korea.
After the reform and opening up, the plastic surgery market in China has been greatly influenced by the Korean plastic surgery market, and double eyelid surgery has naturally become people's plastic surgery project.
Plastic face, is it really nice? Nowadays, the technology and market of commercial plastic surgery are becoming more and more mature, the acceptance of plastic surgery in society is getting higher and higher, and people have more freedom to pursue beauty. This raises a new question—
Beauty is becoming more and more unified.
We all have a feeling that the "net red face" looks almost the same. Why should everyone go to the same mold?
This is actually based on certain science. Because the essence of plastic surgery is actually to erase individual differences and approach an "average face" defined as the standard of beauty.
Scientists have obtained synthetic faces from different regions through computer technology and put forward the hypothesis of "average face". This hypothesis holds that the "average face" synthesized from faces with various appearance differences is more attractive than the original face, and even babies who do not form aesthetic stereotypes will stare at the average face for a longer time.
For plastic surgery, the pursuit of the greatest common denominator of beauty. It is the safest choice and the most controllable standard to wear off your own characteristics and make the average face in most people's aesthetics. But for us, looking at the same red face for a long time will naturally lead to aesthetic fatigue.
Of course, this "average face" will also change, and behind this is the change of the public aesthetic concept.
Today, the "network celebrity package" popular in our culture generally includes double eyelid cutting, rhinoplasty, whitening, face-lifting, etc., mostly Caucasian facial features.
Nowadays, the popular cosmetic standards are really greatly influenced by western aesthetics. For example, Angelababy with German ancestry is a popular cosmetic template, and in China, the most popular style in double eyelid surgery is "European-style parallel couples".
South Korean online celebrity Pan Nankui uses Angelababy as a cosmetic template.
Of course, the aesthetics of our society today is not completely defined by western aesthetics. Anthropologist Wen Hua mentioned in the book Looking Beautiful: Plastic Surgery in China that the aesthetic ideal of contemporary China is not only an adaptation to the West, but a new and mixed aesthetic ideal of China based on China's unique cultural, social and historical background.
In addition to media shaping, economic development and personal choice, we often ignore a very important factor, that is, politics will also shape our aesthetics.
You may still have the impression that the 2008 Olympic Games conducted a strict selection of hostesses, which actually defined aesthetics at the level of national discourse and intended to export "oriental beauty" to the outside world.
Miss etiquette who is being trained.
Most people don't know that the selection criteria for Miss Olympic Etiquette are actually very strict:
The candidate should be between 18 and 24 years old, with a height of 1.68 to 1.78, ruddy and shiny face, soft skin, soft and smooth legs, and plump but not bloated;
The distance from eyebrows to eyes is one tenth of the length of face, and the width of nose is one tenth of the width of face. The length of the mouth is equal to the distance between the two pupils. The length of the chin is one sixth of the length of the face.
According to the jury, all the hostesses selected according to this standard have the classical temperament of China, and with their manners and actions, they can convey the implicit beauty of China. At the same time, they also shoulder the heavy responsibility, that is, to show the world that the ancient and backward China has become the past, and a brand-new, modern and beautiful China is occupying a place in the world.
In traditional culture, we in China used to think that the phoenix eye and almond eye were beautiful, but today we are infatuated with double eyelids.
It's hard to say whether our aesthetics has improved or regressed, but at least we can say that we are lucky to have unprecedented freedom to pursue personalized aesthetics. Even such personalization will inevitably lead to homogenization.
Perhaps, in an era of "face value is justice", showing your true self is the most difficult "facelift".