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Why are pipa named after wood, such as pear pipa and rosewood pipa?

The sound quality of pipa depends on two aspects. On the one hand, the production process of pipa and dozens of other parts, large and small, are all made in millimeters. For example, the thickness of pine board is 8 mm, and the sound quality will be greatly affected if the difference is 1 mm. On the other hand, it is the material selection of pipa. Today's pipa panels are all made of paulownia, hands and products are all made of bamboo, and the piano body (back) is made of hardwood. Such as white wood, rosewood, rosewood, rosewood, rosewood, rosewood, old rosewood, Brazilian rosewood, Indian rosewood, etc. The reflected sound of the piano body (back) made of hardwood trees is sharp and transparent, and the sound quality is excellent. The * * * sound emitted by the piano body (back) has a bright and solid sound similar to metal. The best material is Indian rosewood, which is hard to meet now and the price is impossible to talk about. Rosewood, rosewood, rosewood, rosewood, rosewood and Brazilian rosewood each cost about 1 10,000 yuan to 30,000 yuan, while rosewood and rosewood each cost less than several thousand yuan. The price of white wood is the lowest, because the body (back) is the main part of the pipa, and the material of the body (back) directly reflects the pipa. We can also judge the grade of pipa according to the pipa named after wood. Rosewood pipa is the best, the price is about 10 thousand yuan or more, and white wood pipa is the worst. Usually you can buy it for a few hundred yuan, and you can only practice it as a beginner.

2 material selection

The production process of pipa is very complicated, that is, it must have both formal beauty, such as the symmetrical curve throughout, and qualitative inner beauty, such as the proper intonation and timbre of the piano. Therefore, the production of a pipa, from beginning to end, requires the producer to carefully select materials and carefully make accurate adjustments.

Pipa is made of wood (used for piano body, face plate, piano head and piano shaft), bamboo (used for products and hands), ox horn (used for phase and spindle), bone (used for phase, spindle and piano head flower) and chords.

In the selection of pipa materials, the selection of wood is very important. There are two kinds of wood, one is panel wood, and the other is piano body and head. Only soft paulownia wood is better than panel wood. The piano body is made of hardwood, such as rosewood and old mahogany.

Panel wood should be soft and loud, and pay attention to the medium board with wide and straight wood grain and no knots. Today, the panels are made of paulownia wood.

The piano body is hard and vibrates strongly. The density of wood should be more than one, and the wood that can sink to the bottom by simple methods is superior. Such as red sandalwood, old mahogany, acid gum wood, Dalbergia, green sandalwood and so on. Wood with the same name is very different, and the density of sunny part and back part of the same tree is also different. The longer the wood is stored, the better. Wood contains a certain amount of oil, so the material selection should be based on the type, density and grain characteristics of wood.

3 the production of blank

After selecting the materials, it can be processed, first of all, the production of wool rafts. The panel is usually made of paulownia, so it can be stored after selecting materials, and then it can be used, while the piano body is much more complicated. The first is to cut according to the template. Pay attention to the size to leave room, which will neither affect the processing nor waste wood. After the incision, use a chisel and other tools to hollow out the heart and shape the outside. If it can't be put in place at once, it should be dried while processing.

The production of piano body

After the blank is finished, it needs to be dried for a long time, and the longer the better. After completely drying, the piano body can be processed. The size of the piano body is very particular, all in millimeters. In addition to beautiful appearance, internal quality is the key. The thickness of the piano body is uneven. The high density is thinner and the low density is thicker. Mainly through auditory judgment, a small edge is embedded around the piano to facilitate the installation of the panel, and two pieces are installed inside.

The production of piano head

The piano head is made of fast wood, and the cutting of the piano head should follow the wood grain to pursue the greatest firmness; At present, the most popular and beautiful style is Ruyi piano head, which means good luck. The piano head is inlaid with bone flowers. The piano head should be symmetrical and round, the shaft eye should have a certain inclination, and it should be closely matched with the piano shaft to prevent string running. The specific process flow is blanking, slotting, bonding, shaping, grinding and polishing.

Connection of piano head

After the piano head is finished, it can be connected with the piano body. First, a tenon is opened at the joint of the piano body, and a notch is opened on the tenon, which is small on the left and large on the right, so as to facilitate the installation of chords. The connecting part between the piano head and the piano body should be closely matched, and the angle should be appropriate, and deviation from left to right is not allowed. We should observe it carefully from all directions and angles and correct it patiently. After confirmation, it can be connected with high-strength glue.

Panel making

Soft paulownia wood is selected as the panel wood, the central wood is top grade, and sapwood is not available. Generally, good wooden boards are not large enough in size and need to be bonded quickly or quickly. When selecting materials, it should match the color, width and texture density of wood, and try to be harmonious and unified. Joints should be straight and connected with high-grade adhesive. After connection, the material can be cut according to the groove around the piano, and the thickness of the panel is within10 mm. When the panel is embedded with the piano body, the adhesive should be evenly coated, and gravity can be applied to make it firmly adhere before solidification.

Making photos

Pipa is the Yangtze River Delta-shaped part of the upper part of the piano, which is made of many materials, including ivory, bone, jade, horn, mahogany and so on. Pipa is a long strip at the lower part of the piano, made of bamboo. The arrangement of phase products is based on syllables, one for each semitone, and the rule of twelve average rates should be observed. The distance from top to bottom is getting smaller and smaller and the height is getting lower and lower. The next stage or product shall not affect the previous stage or product.

#9 You have to wear a fake nails to play pipa. It is said that the shape is exquisite. Is that so?

In ancient times, you didn't have to wear fake nails (also called Yi Jia) to play the pipa. At that time, you played with a pick, and later players played with their nails. After the silk string is replaced by rigid silk string, ordinary people's nails are no longer competent for the strength of rigid silk string. In 1950s and 1960s, Mr. Liang Shikan, a pipa player and pipa producer, first proposed playing with fake nails, which was popularized throughout the country. This plays an important role in the history of pipa playing, and the use of fake nails greatly enriches the skills of right-handed playing. The fake nails we bought from the market now is generally not suitable, and needs further processing to conform to our finger shape, otherwise it will greatly affect the performance level. According to the design requirements of Mr. Liang Shikan, the fake nails is made of celluloid, which has strict requirements on the thickness, hardness and angle of the material. Fake nails's radian should be the same as his own nails, and the edge of fake nails should be polished smoothly, which is directly influenced by the sharp, pure, thick and angular front end of fake nails. When the performance level reaches a certain level, the requirements of fake nails's manufacturing process are getting higher and higher. Being able to have a good armor will make players handy, and it is also very lucky to get the fake nails made by Mr. Wang himself.

# 10 Is the quality of the pipa related to its weight?

Is the quality of pipa related to its weight? The answer is yes, the quality of pipa depends on the body and panel. When selecting materials, the panel is made of soft paulownia wood, and the harder the fuselage, the better. At present, the wood used for the body is white wood, rosewood, rosewood, rosewood and so on. Among these Woods, hardwood has better acoustics, such as rosewood, old mahogany and green sandalwood. Their specific gravity is greater than that of water, and they will sink to the bottom when put into water. Pipa made of this wood is of good quality. Of course, they are heavier than ordinary pipa. Generally speaking, the pipa made of white wood, rosewood, rosewood and rosewood is about 6 kg to 8 kg, of which white wood is the lightest, rosewood is the heaviest, and the pipa made of acid branches, old rosewood, green sandalwood and rosewood is about 8 kg to 10 kg. Of course, the acid branches are the lightest, rosewood is the heaviest and the quality is the highest, so the quality of pipa is related to the weight. Judge whether the piano is good or not for the first time. However, please note that the traditional rosewood pipa is hard to see now, and some rosewood pipa are actually Brazilian rosewood pipa.

I am a novice pipa player. How can I know the quality of my pipa?

From the price point of view, the primary pipa is less than 3000 yuan, the intermediate pipa is between 4000 yuan and 6000 yuan, and the advanced pipa is more than 8000 yuan. From the perspective of wood, hardwood is generally a primary pipa, and rosewood is an intermediate pipa. Indian rosewood, green sandalwood, ebony and rosewood are high-grade pipa.

12 My pipa string is broken. How can I replace it with a new one?

Pipa is easy to break after being used for a long time, and it is not too difficult to replace a new string. Pipa has four strings, from thin to thick. The thinnest one, the thick two, three and the thickest four. The first string is made of a single high-quality steel wire or a plurality of steel wires wrapped with silk threads, and the second string, the third string and the fourth string are all made of a plurality of steel wires wrapped with silk threads. If a pipa string is broken, it should be replaced with the same thickness. That is to say, if one string is broken, it must be replaced by another string, and if the second string is broken, it cannot be replaced incorrectly. If you change four strings at the same time, change one first, then two, three and four. At the same time, take this opportunity to add some rosin powder to the chord. We can refer to the following picture to understand the method of replacing the new string.

Pipa has four strings, one, two, three and four strings, from fine to thick.

Pipa strings are made of high-quality steel wires wound with nylon wires and silk wires.

One end of the pipa string is folded into a small circle.

Stick some chalk powder with a pin before winding.

Put a rope with a ring into the eye of the compound hand, and then put the other end into the ring.

You can insert a thread in the circle in advance, and then insert it into the eyelet of the compound hand from the side of the compound hand.

The other end of a string is wound around the piano shaft and can pass through the shaft hole, and the string head can be inserted into the string hole from the outside to tie a knot.

Put the shafts of the second, third and fourth strings into the shaft holes, and then insert the ends of the strings into the shaft holes with tweezers.

Tie a knot at the end of the rope.

Turn the piano shaft and tighten the strings. The first and third shafts rotate clockwise, and the second and fourth shafts rotate counterclockwise. The strings should be placed in the groove of the mountain pass.

The rope loop should be close to the back of your hand.

How to tune the pipa

Pipa string running is a common headache, especially for beginners, and it is difficult to set the string. Here are some methods that may be helpful. Setting a chord is to set the pitch of the four strings and the relationship between them. At present, the commonly used pitch is based on the D key and marked by the D key of the empty string. The four strings installed on the pipa are called sub-strings, middle strings, old strings and winding strings from fine to thick. Empty string means that the left hand does not press the string, and the right fingernail plays the string. The pitch positioning of the empty chord, middle chord, old chord and wrapped chord of the sub-string is D key respectively. The chord phoneme is the highest and the wrap phoneme is the lowest. With the help of a tuning fork, the stator string should be accurate. The standard of tuning fork for music is D key, and the frequency is 440 Hz per second. Relative to the position of the sixth fret on the chord, it is also the longest fret. Press the sixth fret with your left hand and play the strings with your right hand. The pronunciation frequency should also be 440 Hz per second, and whether it is the same as the standard sound of the tuning fork is the criterion for judging. If not, the left hand can be judged by similar products, and it is easy to judge whether the sound is too high or too low and determine the direction of the rotating shaft. (To be continued)

Protection of Pipa Panel

Pipa panel is made of loose paulownia wood, which is not protected by painting. Therefore, attention should be paid to keeping the panel clean during use so as not to affect the appearance quality. Try not to touch the panel with your nails when playing, which can reduce the wear of the panel and prolong the service life. It is also a good idea for someone to stick a transparent plastic sheet with a certain thickness on the panel. The panel has strong water absorption, and it will affect the sound quality if it is too wet, so it is necessary to maintain a certain humidity.

Protection of wire rope

The pipa strings commonly used at present are from Beijing and Shanghai. Nowadays, people generally use Beijing string as one string, Shanghai string as two, three and four strings, and pipa string is made of nylon thread and multi-strand thin steel wire. When winding, the shaft should not be too hard, and the pass should be smooth to reduce the resistance. After playing the piano, wipe the strings with a soft cloth soaked with a small amount of lubricating oil to remove sweat stains and prevent rust.

# 17 complex hand protection

Pipa player is made of high-grade bamboo through special processing. It plays a great role in the timbre quality of pipa, because the compound hand is suspended, the thickness is not big, and the tension of the four strings is easy to break, so you should be more careful when using it, and you should not bump. When setting the chord, the axis should not be too strong, just adjust it to the right position; When not in use, you can make the cork block into an oblique triangle and gently insert it under your mouth to play a certain supporting role.

Correct wearing method of pipa nail (especially big finger)

# 1 Correct wearing method of pipa nail (especially thumb)

In the teaching process, it is often found that students' hands have changed when plucking the strings because their nails are not clearly brought. They often can't find the reason, but the reason is that their big fingers are not clearly brought.

Measure the fingernail of your thumb, is it 1 cm (small)1.1cm-1.3cm (middle)1.4cm (large)? Remember that only the parts that can be connected with meat can grow.

A truly professional pipa nail has the following characteristics:

The big finger protrudes to the left and the edge is round. The noise is low, and the ring finger and the little finger are bent to the right, so that the wheel finger will be played accurately.

This is the most important way to tie the thumb of pipa nail, and other fingers are analogized, which is relatively simple.