Chapter 1: Nanjing Meiyuan New Village Tour Guide
Hello friends. We now come to visit the Meiyuan New Village Memorial Hall. Meiyuan New Village is a group of European and American-style buildings. Although it has experienced ups and downs over the years, it still maintains its original style. These small buildings, which are of great significance in the history of our country's revolution, are the original offices of the delegation of the Communist Party of China, a national key cultural relic protection unit. From May 1946 to March 1947, Comrade Zhou Enlai led the Chinese Communist Party delegation to conduct peace negotiations with the Kuomintang government here for more than ten months, leaving an immortal page for the Chinese people's liberation cause. History has spanned half a century. In order to fully demonstrate the struggle life of the Chinese Communist Delegation in Meiyuan New Village, the Meiyuan New Village Memorial Hall of the Chinese Communist Delegation was planned to be built here in 1960. It was officially opened to the public in 1978; it was built in 1990. The Nanjing Negotiation Historical Materials Exhibition Hall of the Communist Party of China was built; on the occasion of the centenary of the birth of our beloved Zhou Enlai in 1998, the Zhou Enlai Library was built and the "Zhou Enlai Research Society" was established to commemorate and study the great achievements and noble qualities of the great man. At present, the memorial hall has received more than 10 million domestic and foreign visitors, with the annual number of visitors remaining at around 500,000. It is one of the country's outstanding patriotism education bases.
Next, I will first introduce the situation of the exhibition hall.
On January 8, 1990, Comrade Song Ping, member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and former political secretary of Zhou Enlai during the negotiations, inaugurated the Historical Materials Exhibition Hall. In July of the same year, Comrade Qiao Shi, who was then the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, made a special trip here to unveil the bronze statue of Zhou Enlai. The name of the exhibition hall was inscribed by Comrade Yang Shangkun, then president of the country. The exhibition hall project won the first prize for National Excellent Architectural Design in 1993. The exhibition hall is a modern building with local characteristics, consisting of a solemn exhibition hall and an elegant courtyard. Architectural creation not only emphasizes the reproduction of the historical environment, but also considers coordination with the surrounding environment. The most eye-catching thing in the courtyard is the full-length bronze statue of Zhou Enlai, which is 3.2 meters high and weighs 900 kilograms. It was modeled on a photo of Zhou Enlai walking out of the gate of No. 30 Meiyuan New Village. , showing the image of Zhou Enlai as a firm, calm, witty and calm revolutionary, with extraordinary bearing and outstanding demeanor; there is no pedestal under the bronze statue, as if Zhou Enlai is walking towards us, showing his fine style of close contact with the masses throughout his life; the bronze statue The foot on the road paved with red marble symbolizes the revolutionary road he walked throughout his life.
Above the bronze statue is a tall arch. On the arch is a set of iron flower arches. It is the gate of No. 30, Meiyuan New Village, the original site of the Chinese Communist Party delegation. It is a prototype and is designed using a combination of reality and reality to make people feel real, friendly and familiar. When matched with the bronze statue, it makes people vaguely see Zhou Enlai in the dragon pond and tiger's den, chatting and laughing in and out of the plum garden. The high wall behind the bronze statue has many small windows with glass, which use exaggerated artistic techniques to reflect the surveillance eyes of the spies back then. The four relief-style dormer windows on the west gable wall are from those days. The historical reappearance of the military spy surveillance station. The deformed combination of calla lilies on the gables and the stone carvings with plum blossom patterns symbolize the heroic spirit and strong will of Zhou Enlai and other older generation revolutionaries who remained calm and calm under the wolf-like eyes. Please visit indoors below.
Entering the exhibition hall, what you see now is the white marble relief in the center of the exhibition hall. The relief is 6.5 meters high and 3.3 meters wide. Carved on it are the images of the leading members and staff of the Chinese delegation. From bottom to top are: Zhou Enlai, Deng Yingchao, Dong Biwu, Wu Yuzhang, Ye Jianying, Lu Dingyi, and Li Weihan. These seven are the leading members of the delegation. At that time, the delegation was internally known as the Nanjing Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. The female comrade above was Qian Ying, the Organization Director of the Nanjing Bureau. To her left was Liao Chengzhi, who assisted Zhou Enlai in his work. The last three depict the image of the delegation staff, without specific names. The characters on the relief are arranged in an "S" shape from large to small, which on the one hand symbolizes the difficult and tortuous road of China's revolution; on the other hand, it indicates that there will be endless successors to the revolutionary cause. There are also some patterns of wind and clouds around the characters, indicating that they are all influential figures in the history of the Chinese revolution.
Behind the relief is a large oil painting - "Spring Scenery in the Plum Garden", which reflects the scene of the original office of the Chinese delegation. Above the oil painting is an inscription written by our beloved Zhou Enlai - fight to the end for true democracy, true peace! This is exactly the purpose of the Chinese Communist delegation's peace talks with the Kuomintang government in Nanjing, and it also reflects the purpose of the display in our museum.
Please follow me to visit the display of historical materials.
Please read the first part - the Chongqing negotiations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China.
Thanks to the wise leadership of the Communist Party of China and the cooperation with the Second Kuomintang, the Chinese people achieved the great victory of the Anti-Japanese War after eight years of bloody struggle. At that time, the Communist Party of China issued a call for "unity, peace, and democracy" to the people across the country. However, the Kuomintang attempted to monopolize the fruits of victory in the Anti-Japanese War and adhered to the policy of "civil war, dictatorship, and separatism." China faces a critical moment with two futures and two destinies.
However, during the Anti-Japanese War, Chiang Kai-shek hid in Sichuan, which was located in the rear area, to preserve his strength, and most of the Kuomintang troops retreated to the southwest and northwest. Therefore, after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, it was too late to transfer troops to the front lines of the civil war. In order to buy time, the Kuomintang government stepped up its troop transportation and deployment for the civil war. At the same time, under the pressure of domestic and foreign public opinion, it had to assume a peaceful posture and sent three telegrams to Yan'an, inviting Mao Zedong to Chongqing to "*** Shang Guo" ". In order to strive for peace as much as possible, the Communist Party of China decided to accept the mediation of the US government and sent a delegation to conduct peace negotiations with the Kuomintang government.
On August 28, 1945, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, and Wang Ruofei flew from Yan'an to Chongqing. During the negotiations, Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek met individually several times. After 43 days of negotiations, the "Minutes of Talks between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China", also known as the "Double Ten Agreement", was signed in Chongqing. Soon, Mao Zedong returned to Yan'an. On December 16, Zhou Enlai led the Chinese Communist Party delegation to Chongqing. On the one hand, he participated in the Political Consultative Conference and on the other hand, he continued the peace talks between the two countries. On December 22, U.S. President Truman appointed Marshall to China to mediate the Chinese Civil War. Zhou Enlai welcomed his visit to China. In January 1946, representatives of China, Japan, and the United States signed the "Armistice Agreement." In February, the "Army Reorganization Plan" was signed. The "Plan" stipulated that the Chinese Communist Party troops would be reduced to ten divisions, only one-fifth of the Kuomintang army, indicating that the Chinese Communist Party had made sincere efforts for peace. and concessions. However, during the signing of these "Agreements" and "Plans", the Kuomintang government did not stop its attacks on the liberated areas.
In May 1946, the Kuomintang government returned the capital to Nanjing. On May 3, Zhou Enlai led the delegation of the Communist Party of China to also move to Nanjing and live in Nos. 17, 30 and 35 of Meiyuan New Village respectively. The leading members resident in Nanjing are Zhou Enlai, Dong Biwu, Lu Dingyi, Deng Yingchao, and Li Weihan.
Displayed here are national first-class cultural relics, the household registration cards of the Chinese delegation during their stay in Nanjing, as well as certificates and badges. At that time, there were more than 200 comrades who had worked in the delegation, and the Kuomintang police agencies wanted to monitor the activities of the delegation staff. All staff and their families have been registered and filed. Please note that the head of the household on each card at that time was Zhou Enlai, indicating that this was a special big family! The household registration card is a historical witness of the Nanjing negotiations. It is very precious and has particularly important historical value. Look at this piece of red silk again. It is also a national first-class cultural relic. At that time, two comrades, Lu Ming and Lin Tong, who both worked in the Nanjing office of "Xinhua Daily", got married. Everyone gathered together. Comrade Deng Yingchao cut this piece of red silk, and Mr. Dong inscribed "a match made in heaven". The comrades were all on it. Sign to express congratulations. Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao also talked to the newlyweds about the "Eight Mutuals" for correctly handling the relationship between husband and wife - mutual respect, mutual love, mutual trust, mutual encouragement, mutual help, mutual concession, mutual understanding and mutual comfort. This piece of red silk makes people feel the simplicity and simplicity of the wedding back then, but the inscriptions, signatures, and messages all reflect the warmth of this special family.
Please see the second part - the Kuomintang Nanjing Negotiations.
The first is the negotiation to "stop the civil war in the Central Plains." When the Chinese Communist Party delegation arrived in Nanjing, the Kuomintang army was using 300,000 troops to surround more than 60,000 of our Central Plains troops in the Xuanhuadian area of ??Hubei Province in an attempt to wipe them out in one fell swoop. Civil war was about to break out. Zhou Enlai exposed this conspiracy and refuted the lie of "All Quiet in the Central Plains" spread by the Kuomintang authorities. Under his argument, on May 5, 1946, a three-person team from the Chinese, Japanese, and American military and more than 60 staff went to Xuanhuadian to mediate on the spot. There was a heavy rainstorm on the way. When we arrived at Shikesong River in Huangpi County, the river broke the wooden bridge and the jeep could not drive through. In order to buy time, the 48-year-old Zhou Enlai, regardless of his personal safety, led the representatives of the Communist Party of China to resolutely cross the cold river that was more than 100 meters wide and waist-deep. At that time, the American and Chinese representatives were carried across the river on the backs of ordinary people or carried across the river in jeeps. After arriving at Xuanhuadian, Zhou Enlai immediately studied with the commanders of the Central Plains Army Li Xiannian, Wang Zhen and others to deploy a specific plan for the Central Plains Army's breakout. Zhou Enlai did not sleep a wink all night. On June 26, not long after leaving the Xuanhua store, just as Zhou Enlai expected - Chiang Kai-shek provoked a civil war and threatened to "annihilate the Central Plains Communist Army in one fell swoop within 48 hours." However, I, the athletes from the Central Plains, already had a plan in mind and successfully broke through. How much effort Zhou Enlai put into all of this! This precious photo is a witness to history.
Next is the negotiation on the "Yellow River blocking and restoration project". The Yellow River originally flows through Henan and flows northeast through Shandong into the Bohai Sea. In the summer of 1938, in order to prevent the Japanese attack, the Kuomintang blew up the dike at Huayuankou in Zhengzhou, Henan, and diverted the Yellow River to the southeast. During the Anti-Japanese War, the two sides of the Taiwan Strait were connected to form large liberated areas of Hebei, Shandong and Henan. During the Nanjing negotiations between the Kuomintang and the Kuomintang, the Kuomintang government used the pretext that it had won the Anti-Japanese War and wanted to return the Yellow River to its old course, and forcibly threw rocks at Huayuankou to block it. In fact, it was an attempt to use water instead of troops to overwhelm the liberated areas. To this end, Zhou Enlai went to Huayuankou for on-site inspection, and finally reached an agreement to "first dredge the river and restore the embankment, and then block the mouth to release water", which protected the lives of tens of thousands of soldiers and civilians in the liberated areas.
In July 1946, the U.S. government appointed Stuart as ambassador to China to assist Marshall in mediating the Chinese Civil War.
However, because Chiang Kai-shek, who was vacationing in Lushan Mountain as an excuse for summer vacation, was not sincere in the negotiations and repeatedly made unreasonable demands such as asking us to withdraw from large liberated areas unconditionally, which was rejected by us, the mediation between Ma and Si failed.
After the mediation between Ma and Si failed, the Kuomintang troops occupied Zhangjiakou. Chiang Kai-shek thought that the overall situation was settled, so he announced that he would convene a "National Congress", and the negotiations were facing breakdown. At that time, some democratic parties and democrats formed the "third party" and tried their best to mediate between the country and Japan, hoping to resume peace talks. The Chinese delegation accepted mediation in order to educate the people and unite the "third party" people. However, all mediation efforts were due to the Kuomintang's continuous military attacks on the liberated areas on the one hand, and its political convening of the one-party "National Congress" on the other, which resulted in the door to negotiation being closed by it.
On the second day of the National Congress, that is, November 16, 1946, Zhou Enlai held a farewell press conference at No. 17 Meiyuan New Village. He pointed out: The Chinese Communist Party firmly opposes and resolutely does not recognize the one-party "National Congress". The Chinese Communist Party is willing to work with the people of the whole country to fight to the end for true democracy and true peace. According to the instructions of the Party Central Committee, Zhou Enlai, Deng Yingchao and Li Weihan returned to Yan'an ahead of schedule.
In January 1947, the United States announced that it would withdraw from mediation with China. In February of the same year, the Kuomintang authorities issued a notice requiring members of the Chinese Communist delegation to return to Yan'an, which officially declared the breakdown of the Kuomintang Nanjing negotiations.
In March 1947, Dong Biwu led all members of the Chinese Communist Party delegation to leave Nanjing. Mr. Dong said to his friends seeing him off at Nanjing Airport: "The time to see you again is not far away." Later, the situation developed exactly like this. After the delegation left Nanjing, only two years and one and a half months later, the Chinese People's Liberation Army liberated Nanjing.
In the exhibition hall on the second floor, please first look at the first part - Leading and developing the patriotic democratic movement.
During the Kuomintang negotiations in Nanjing, the Kuomintang government continued to expand the civil war, arousing opposition from the people across the country. In June 1946, tens of thousands of people in Shanghai gathered to send off the "peace petition group" to Nanjing for a peaceful petition. When they arrived at Xiaguan Station in Nanjing, they were surrounded by Kuomintang agents and beaten severely, causing the "Xiaguan Massacre" that shocked China and the world. After hearing the news, Zhou Enlai rushed to the hospital at 2 o'clock in the night to express condolences to the injured representatives. Zhou Enlai held Ma Xulun's hand and said: "Your blood will not be shed in vain!" Ma Xulun replied; "China's hope can only be pinned on you. Come on!" The next day, Zhou Enlai lodged a serious protest with the Kuomintang government. Less than half a month after the "Great Massacre" occurred, Kuomintang agents assassinated famous democrats Li Gongpu and Wen Yiduo in Kunming, Yunnan. Zhou Enlai was deeply saddened after hearing the news, and angrily wrote a eulogy: "Today I am here to commemorate Mr. Li Gongpu and Mr. Wen Yiduo. The current situation is extremely dangerous, and people are extremely sad and angry. But at this time and here, what can I say? I would like to express my most sincere He also publicly told Chinese and foreign reporters: "We are always ready to accept Li Gongpu, Li Gongpu, etc. Wen Yiduo will suffer the same fate. If you are afraid, you will not dare to come to negotiate, but if you come, don’t be afraid! Assassination will never stop us from fighting for peace and democracy in China!"
Everyone, please see, this is Comrade Zhou Enlai The simulated statue of Comrade Dong Biwu and Dong Biwu is based on the photo of the two of them in the courtyard of No. 30 Meiyuan New Village. Do you know what they have in common? Let me tell you, Mr. Dong is older than Mr. Dong, so they share the same zodiac sign, and their birthdays are both March 5th.
Please see the next part - unremitting efforts for the great cause of the reunification of the motherland.
After the Nanjing negotiations between the Kuomintang and the Kuomintang broke down, the War of Liberation began. The three major battles of Liaoshen, Huaihai, and Pingjin achieved great victories. The crumbling Kuomintang authorities began to beg for peace talks from our party. In January 1949, Mao Zedong issued the "Statement on the Current Situation" and proposed eight conditions for peace talks. In February, the acting president of the Kuomintang Li Zongren announced that he would accept the eight conditions of the Communist Party of China. In March, the Nanjing government peace talks delegation headed by Zhang Zhizhong arrived in Peiping. However, the "Domestic Peace Agreement" reached by representatives of both the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in Peking was ultimately rejected by Chiang Kai-shek, causing the "Peking Peace Talks" on the eve of the founding of the People's Republic of China to collapse. However, the members of the Nanjing government peace talks delegation headed by Zhang Zhizhong resolutely decided to stay in Peiping.
On April 21, 1949, Mao Zedong and Zhu De issued an order to march across the country. Two days later, on April 23, 1949, the Chinese People's Liberation Army occupied Nanjing. On October 1, 1949, the founding ceremony of the People's Republic of China was held grandly.
Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the party and government have been actively seeking ways to resolve the Taiwan issue. In the mid-1950s, Mao Zedong proposed that "harmony is the most important thing." In 1956, when Zhou Enlai met with Cao Juren, a special correspondent of Singapore's "Nanyang Siang Pau", he said: "The Kuomintang and the Communist Party have cooperated twice. The first cooperation resulted in the success of the National Revolutionary Army's Northern Expedition, and the second cooperation resulted in the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. , these are all facts, why can't we cooperate for the third time? Taiwan is an internal matter, and we are patriotic, so why can't we come to cooperate in construction? We are by no means seeking to surrender to Taiwan, but to negotiate with each other. It is only about the reunification of the regime, and everything else is You can sit down and discuss arrangements with us.
"In the early 1960s, based on the Taiwan policy of the Chinese Communist Party summarized by Zhou Enlai and approved by Mao Zedong, it was summarized into the famous "One Program and Four Objectives." - "One Programme": Taiwan must be unified with China. "Four Objectives" "; First, after Taiwan was reunified with the motherland, except that diplomacy must be unified with the central government, Taiwan's military and political power, personnel arrangements, etc. were all entrusted to Chiang Kai-shek; second, all shortfalls in all military, political and economic construction expenses in Taiwan were fully allocated by the central government; Third, Taiwan's social reform can be slowed down, and it must be carried out after consultation and decision-making after conditions are mature and Chiang's opinions are respected; fourth, both sides agree not to send spies or do anything to undermine the unity of the other party in 1978. After the Third Plenary Session of the First Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Deng Xiaoping proposed the scientific concept of "one country, two systems", which was widely praised by people at home and abroad. In the 1990s, the third generation leadership group with Jiang Zemin as the core proposed to continue to promote the completion of the great cause of the reunification of the motherland. Struggle!
Please see the third part - Plum Garden Style, Everlasting
This part mainly shows the leading members of the original Central Committee of the Communist Party of China after the founding of the People's Republic of China and the current central leadership. The pictures of comrades visiting the memorial hall reflect their attention and concern for the construction of the memorial hall. In addition, there are also photos of various research results and certificates and medals obtained by the memorial hall in recent years. Please visit the original office address.
Dear viewers, we are now at No. 30, Meiyuan New Village. This is where Comrade Zhou Enlai and Comrade Deng Yingchao worked and lived. This house was arranged by the Kuomintang government for representatives. Before the delegation came, they had set up many spy posts around this house. No. 29 and No. 22 of Meiyuan New Village across the road and No. 31, which was closest to us, were spy surveillance stations. Kuomintang agents often used the two windows at No. 31 to peek and eavesdrop on the delegation's activities. At the same time, they also deployed many make-up mobile agents - "tailors", "shoemakers" and "rickshaw drivers" - in the streets and alleys nearby. "Fortune teller" and so on, following and spying on the visiting guests. Mr. Guo Moruo once visited Meiyuan New Village and was deeply touched by the environment the delegation was in. He once wrote in his book "Impressions of Nanjing": "...as if... The air was filled with wolf-dog eyes, eyes, eyes shining everywhere. "After the delegation arrived in Nanjing, for the sake of safety, they first nearly doubled the height of the wall of No. 30 to prevent the sneak peeks and damage by mobile agents outside. Then, a small building was built over the communication room to block the The spies' surveillance sights can also be used to observe the activities of mobile spies outside through the street-facing windows upstairs.
It has been more than 50 years since the delegation left Nanjing, and the courtyard still remains the same as it was then. The two cypress trees, this weeping crabapple (Zhou Enlai loved it very much at the time! Deng Yingchao said that he chose the West Flower Hall in Beijing because of the crabapples there), and the four pomegranate trees beside the wall, they are all original from that year.
The delegation’s confidential section and secretary’s room are upstairs. There are three low attics, and you can touch the roof with your hand. In the hot summer in Nanjing. Inside, it's like a big steamer. The windows are small and the ventilation is poor, but in order to prevent Agent 31 from peeking and eavesdropping, the hottest part has to be tightly covered with two layers of red and black curtains day and night. At that time, the comrades in the confidential department had no choice but to get a basin of cold water and soak their feet in the water to relieve the heat. In this way, they sweated and worked day and night in a difficult environment. Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao cared about everyone very much and often went upstairs. Visiting the comrades, he gave them some chrysanthemum tea and mung bean soup to relieve the heat, and sent the delegation's only electric fan upstairs for everyone to use. , I live downstairs and will keep watch for you! The words made the comrades feel very cordial and made them forget the fatigue and hardship of the work.
This was the reception room of the delegation where Zhou Enlai and Dong Biwu lived. It is often used here to receive visiting democrats, journalists, international friends, and negotiators from the Kuomintang. Please see, there is a bowl of Yuhua Stone on the table in the reception room. This is when the delegation went to Yuhuatai to pay tribute to the revolutionary martyrs. Comrade Deng Yingchao picked it up. Comrade Deng Yingchao said: "Every time I see these rain flower stones, it reminds me of countless revolutionary martyrs. "They also used this to educate the young comrades of the delegation on integrity. Mr. Guo Moruo was deeply moved by this bowl of Yuhua Stone. He described it in "Nanjing Impression": "The tranquility, clarity, solidity and selflessness of Yuhua Stone, It seems to symbolize the spirit of the owner. "There is a floor-mounted radio in the corner of the reception room, which made a lot of contributions back then. Because whenever the delegation was receiving guests or having a meeting, the spies next door would always prick up their ears and eavesdrop. Comrade They turned on the radio and turned up the volume to interfere with the enemy's monitoring. The photos on the wall of the reception room were taken when Zhou Enlai, Deng Yingchao, and Li Weihan were sitting on these two sofas when they returned to Yan'an early. There is a small dining room in the living room for the delegation. Comrade Zhou Enlai rarely ate here. He usually ate with everyone in the large dining room on No. 17, which is now used as a reading room for comrades. The tables, chairs, newspapers and newspaper racks are all original from that time.
Please look at the two rooms opposite. The outer room is the office of Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao. The photos on the wall are of him working late at night in the early summer of 1946. Scene. At that time, Deng Yingchao was in charge of the work in the women's field.
She was sitting next to the door.
The inner room is the bedroom of Comrade Zhou Enlai and Comrade Deng Yingchao. Inside are two simple wooden beds. The quilts on the beds have been used by them for more than 20 years. The small suitcase on the cabinet was first used by Zhou Enlai in 1936 when he was dealing with the "Xi'an Incident". He used it to store clothes and documents during the negotiations in Nanjing, and later brought it to Beijing for use. The sun hat and black suit on the hanger were worn by Zhou Enlai when he was here. Comrade Zhou Enlai cherished this suit very much and always used to wear protective sleeves when working or eating to prevent the clothes from getting dirty and worn out. Therefore, even though he has worn it for many years, it still looks new.
Comrade Zhou Enlai lived a very hard and simple life, and was diligent and thrifty. He had a pair of razors that he had used since his youth when he was studying abroad. By the time of the Nanjing negotiations in 1946, they were already quite old. One of the feet on one side of the razor holder had been worn away, making it difficult to move the blade up and down, making it very uncomfortable to use. But Comrade Zhou Enlai insisted on not wanting to replace it with a new one. It was used until 1952. It was not until the other foot on the knife holder was worn away that it could no longer be used, and a new set of knives was replaced.
Please take a look at the car room below. This car was used by Comrade Zhou Enlai back then. It is an original car and can still be driven. In those days, this car would be followed by spies' cars as soon as it went out. The driver Duan Tingying was not only witty and smart, but also had superb driving skills. He often used the moment when the green light at the intersection was about to change to red to unexpectedly speed up and rush over. Get rid of the agents following you. During the Nanjing negotiations, it also escorted many underground parties and democrats without incident.
This is the bedroom of Zhou Enlai’s political secretary Song Ping and Chen Shunyao. This is the bedroom of Dong Biwu's political secretary Ouyang Fang and Zou Dexin.
This is No. 35, Meiyuan New Village, where the four comrades Dong Biwu, Liao Chengzhi, Qian Ying and Li Weihan work and live. Due to overcrowded housing, the delegation bought No. 35 in the private name of Comrade Liao Chengzhi's wife Jing Puchun. The delegation built two symmetrical bungalows in this small courtyard, which not only blocked the spy surveillance sight of window 31, but also solved the housing problem. The small room on the left is the political research room where Comrade Song Pingping worked. The room on the right is where Mr. Dong’s guard Liu Guoan lives. Living upstairs were two comrades, Li Weihan and Qian Ying. The room downstairs is Comrade Liao Chengzhi's office and bedroom. Comrade Liao Chengzhi was one of the external spokespersons of the delegation. He was mainly responsible for propaganda and foreign affairs work at that time. The photo on the wall was taken when he was released from prison in Chongqing in January 1946.
This is Comrade Dong Biwu’s office. When he was working in the delegation, he was 61 years old and the oldest. Everyone called him Mr. Dong. The briefcase on the table now was used by Mr. Dong in 1945 when he represented the people of the liberated areas to attend the founding conference of the United Nations in San Francisco, USA. It was used during the negotiations. The copper ink cartridge on the table was a gift given to Mr. Dong for his 60th birthday by Comrades Ye Jianying, Li Kenong and Xu Bing when they were working at the Military Adjustment Department in Peking. The books that Mr. Dong studied are still here. At that time, Mr. Dong had a wide range of learning interests. In addition to studying horse and horse works, he also had English, philosophy, history, etc. The small connecting room is Mr. Dong's bedroom. Although it was only 8 square meters, it was home to Mr. Dong, his wife He Lianzhi and their three children, a family of five. The utensils on the bed have been used by their family for more than 20 years: the two quilts were used during the Chongqing negotiations in 1945; the towel quilt was bought by Mr. Dong from a thrift store in Wuhan in 1937; the prints on the bed inside The bed sheet had been mended repeatedly over many years of use, and finally Comrade He Lianzhi had to cut it in the middle, sew the two better sides together, and continue to use it.
This is No. 17, Meiyuan New Village, where the delegation’s office was located. The upstairs of the house on the right houses the delegation's military section, women's section, party section and telecommunications room. Downstairs are the small conference room, the news team, the copying room of the Nanjing Branch of Xinhua News Agency, the office and bedroom of the director of the Beijing Office of the 18th Army, and the office and bedroom of the foreign affairs team. The house on the left has dormitories for the delegation comrades upstairs, and a large dining room downstairs. That year, the day after the Kuomintang government held the one-party "National Congress", Zhou Enlai held his farewell last press conference here.
At this point, all the information about Meiyuan New Village Memorial Hall has been introduced. Thank you all.
Chapter 2: Nanjing Meiyuan New Village Travel Notes
It was cloudy on Tuesday, November 1st. On November 1st, our fourth-grade classmates, led by the teacher, sat in a tourist bus. A grand trip to Nanjing to visit the Presidential Palace and Meiyuan New Village. We first visited the Presidential Palace. The pillars of the gatehouse of the Presidential Palace are made of standard ancient Roman Ionic columns. Looking at the exquisite scroll patterns on the capitals, you will feel that they are very beautiful. After entering the gate, you will see a lobby with Chinese characteristics, which is in sharp contrast with the previous Western-style gate. When the National Government was partially renovated in 1929, a plaque with the words "The World is the Lord" written by Sun Yat-sen in his handwriting was hung on the beam in the middle of the lobby. Next, we came to Zichao Building, which is an important building of the Presidential Palace. In the early 1930s, some far-sighted Chinese architects, influenced by Western architectural trends, boldly explored China's new national form of architecture.
Zichao Building is one of the representative works of this architectural form.
After visiting the Presidential Palace, we came to another place - Meiyuan New Village. There is a huge bronze statue of Zhou Enlai in front of Meiyuan New Village. There are many shining small windows behind the statue, representing many shining eyes. I walked into the large living room of Meiyuan New Village and saw a lot of archival materials inside, as well as the open-top bottle given to Leighton Stuart by Zhou Enlai. , a briefcase presented by Marshall to Zhou Enlai. In another hall there are statues of Zhou Enlai and others working seriously. The scene when Grandpa Zhou Enlai worked for the revolution in Meiyuan was vivid in his mind, and everyone's admiration for him arose spontaneously. It was time to go home, and we reluctantly left the Presidential Palace and Meiyuan New Village.
Chapter 3: Nanjing Meiyuan New Village Travel Notes
Stopping at the door, looking up at the small courtyard covered with green vines. Once, Zhou worked here; once, the enemy was watching everything here from the small building opposite... Today, the small courtyard has long been empty, but the urgency and solemnity still echo in the small courtyard... …
When I stepped into the gate, I looked around and saw the ivy growing vigorously all over the courtyard, as if we were scrambling to surpass others. Among the green vines, what comes into view is the bronze statue of Zhou. He holds his head high and has a dignified demeanor. His bright eyes reveal calmness, composure and wit, but more importantly, he is determined. Above the bronze statue is a border of plum blossoms. At the same time, I remembered that I had read in a book that Zhou loved plum blossoms most during his lifetime. Because it is not afraid of severe cold and brave frost and snow, just like the spirit of the Communist Party of China, which is not afraid of hardships and dangers and has selfless dedication. This must be why this plum blossom border is here! Below the bronze statue is a piece of red marble. The shocking red color not only represents Zhou’s lifelong struggle on the red revolutionary road, but also represents the history that China has gone through. The road to revolution is full of dangers and hardships, and the long road to revolution is sprinkled with the blood of martyrs!
Then, we walked into the hall and came to the huge white marble relief. The relief is engraved with 12 Communist Party members represented by Zhou Enlai. They present an inverted "S" shape. I stared at this relief in trance. Gradually, gradually, I seemed to see the Chinese people's road to victory, which was full of ups and downs, and the victory was hard-won; I saw Zhou's smile of relief when he saw that China's revolutionary road has a long history and there are many successors. Several auspicious clouds beside the crowd surrounded these 12 party members, seeming to be telling their heroic deeds when they were all-powerful.
Leave the white marble relief and continue visiting. In the display window on the wall, Zhou Zhou’s articles and items he used during his lifetime are displayed. Then, we came to No. 30, Meiyuan New Village. That's where Zhou originally worked. The two tall pines and cypresses in the courtyard looked very green. I caressed the rough trunks, and I felt a little shocked. How many years have these two pines and cypresses experienced? No matter how cold or hot they are, they are like two green trees. Giants, guarding this beautiful and sacred place. A breeze blew, the leaves swayed slightly, and what came into my eyes was a cluster of green branches and leaves. I looked along the green light. Ah! It's an osmanthus tree!
Suddenly, a bright light seemed to cut through the autumn sky, illuminating my mind. That's right! Don't these pines and cypresses and sweet-scented osmanthus trees symbolize the lofty qualities and lofty ideals of the Communist Party? The evergreen and perseverance of pines and cypresses set off the firm belief and lofty ideals of the Communist Party members. The quality of perseverance? Aren’t the unassuming osmanthus and the pure and light fragrance of the osmanthus the pure and simple noble qualities of the Communist Party? Thinking of this, I finally understood why Zhou planted it in the yard where he worked. Pine, cypress and sweet-scented osmanthus. The purpose is to inspire myself to not be afraid of hardships and dangers on the road of revolution and move forward courageously!
Finally, I returned to the bronze statue of Xi Jinping and looked with admiration at this man who has taken firm steps throughout his life. A great man who marched courageously on the red revolutionary road.
People who are also struggling for the revolutionary struggle appear in front of me...