Purple-leaf wood sorrel

Edit

Purple-leaf wood sorrel is purple-leaf wood sorrel.

Purple-leaved wood sorrel (cù) is also called red-leaf wood sorrel and triangular wood sorrel. It is a perennial herb with a flowering period from April to November. Explanation: Physalis, trifoliate, trigonate, sour acid, vinegar mother, sour acid, dove acid, sparrow grass, small sour grass, red sunshi. The fruit is a capsule. The fruit will automatically crack when ripe and must be picked in time. Flowers and leaves are sensitive to light. It opens on sunny days and closes at night and when there is insufficient light on cloudy days. Likes a warm and humid environment. It grows vigorously in fertile and moist soil with plump leaves. It is relatively cold-resistant, and the temperature in winter is not lower than 0℃.

Chinese scientific name

Oxalis triangularis

Also known as

Physalis physalis, sour acid physalis, physalis acid, trifoliate acid

Kingdom

Plant kingdom

Angiosperms

Class

Dicotyledons

Order

Oxalis Order

Family

Oxaliaceae

Genus

Oxaligenus

Species

Purple leaf wood sorrel

Edible

Medicinal use

Chinese Pinyin

Zi ye Zuo jiang Cao< /p>

Contents

1 Morphological Characteristics

2 Growth Habits

3 Geographical Distribution

4 Cultivation Techniques Reproduction Methods Pests and Diseases Prevention

1 Editing of morphological characteristics

Purple-leaf Yamamoto wood sorrel

A perennial herb with translucent fleshy roots, bifurcated and light brown. , there are slightly fibrous roots in the lower part, and underground stems grow from the top of the roots. The underground stems are composed of scales. The underground stems form branches underground and are distributed like corals. Leaves grow from the top of the stem, and each leaf is connected to each scale of the underground stem. The leaves are three palmate compound leaves, growing in clusters.

Born at the top of the petiole, the petiole of the leaflet is extremely short, in the shape of an isosceles triangle, and is attached to the total petiole, which is 15 to 31 cm long. The front of the leaf is rose red, and there are irregular light rose red spots in the middle of the leaf in the shape of a "herringbone", extending to both edges of the leaf.

The underside of the leaves is dark red and shiny. It usually unfolds during the day and droops in strong light and evening. The three leaves are close to each other, just like dancing butterflies. Planted under the sparse forest, the leaves unfold all day long and the leaf color is quite bright. The flowers are umbel-shaped

The inflorescence is light pink, with 5 petals, and 5 to 8 petals are clustered at the top of the flower stem. The flower stems are slender, 14-20 cm, swaying in the wind, and graceful. One to several flowers form an axillary umbel. The sepals are oblong. The top is sharp and pubescent. The petals are obovate and slightly curled outwards. The base of the filaments merges into a tube shape. The capsule is nearly cylindrical, 5-ridged and pubescent. The seeds will be ejected when mature and dehiscent. The seeds are small, flat-ovate, reddish-brown, with transverse grooves. The flowering and fruiting period is from March to August.

Advantages

Purple-leaved wood sorrel

①The leaves are bright, especially when viewed from the bottom up, the back of the leaves is bright and beautiful.

② There are many flowers, dense flowers, and a long flowering period, which lasts from April to December.

③The plants are neat, short (only 30 cm tall), light, and safer than other plants.

④The group landscape effect is good and the viewing period is long. Except for severe winter, there is no need to change varieties during the year. [1-2]

2 Growth habits editor

Suitable for well-drained loose soil, likes light, tolerates semi-shade; the flowering period is up to 8 months. There is no damage from diseases and insect pests. During periods of high temperature and high humidity, old leaves are susceptible to gray mold, but it does not affect new leaves. The purple-leaf wood sorrel is easy to control. It is relatively cold-resistant, evergreen in winter above -5℃, and the leaves above ground will wither below -5℃, but the underground parts will not die, and new leaves can germinate in March of the following year. There is no obvious dormancy period, and cultivation and management are extensive.

Purple-leaved wood sorrel

3 Geographical Distribution Editor

Original from Brazil, South America, and sometimes Mexico, it is a rare and excellent ground cover plant with colorful leaves. . has been successfully introduced into China.

4 Cultivation Technology Editor

Propagation Methods

Purple-leaf Oxalis

Purple-leaf Oxalis is mainly propagated by divisions , can also be sown or propagated by tissue culture. Perennial herb, perennial, with bulbs, covered with dark brown scales, with bulbils inside the scales, which are gathered into balls. The lower part of the bulb has spindle-shaped roots and is translucent.

Dividing

Dividing can be done throughout the year. Dividing is best in spring from April to May. Dividing propagation, that is, dividing bulbs, can be done all year round.

Tissue culture propagation

When dividing the plants, dig up the plants first, break the bulbs and plant them separately. You can also cut the bulbs into small pieces, leaving more than 3 bud eyes in each small piece. , put it into a sand bed for cultivation, and new plants will grow in about 15 days. They will be transplanted after taking root and spreading leaves.

Sowing

Propagation is done by sowing in pots in spring, and the optimum temperature for germination is 15 to 18 degrees. Germination takes about 15 days after sowing, and the seedlings can bloom for viewing that year.

The growth period requires that the light should not be too strong, otherwise the leaves will be dim.

Maintain a high air humidity, and when watering, be careful to avoid soil staining the leaves and affecting the viewing effect. Fertilize once a month. The leaves have strong phototropism and need to frequently change the position of the pot. It needs to be replanted and updated every year.

Pest and disease control

Pest and disease control is one of the main contents of garden plant cultivation and maintenance. Common diseases of purple wood sorrel include leaf spot, root rot and gray mold, and insect pests include cinnabar spider mite, purple wood sorrel rock mite, tobacco thrips, peach aphid, North China mole cricket, snail and wild slug. Causes and symptoms of the disease, hazard characteristics and patterns, and prevention and treatment measures ruxia.

Leaf spot disease

1. Symptoms

Leaf spot disease damages the leaves of purple sorrel. When the disease occurs, lavender water-soaked irregular lesions appear on the leaves. Some have obvious edges and are clearly separated from healthy parts; some are not clear. The lesions turn yellowish-brown and then gradually expand, with the center turning gray and the edges turning brown. After several lesions merge, the tissue between the lesions turns yellow and dies. When it is humid, a black powdery mildew layer will appear on the lesions. Severely damaged leaves will dry up and curl up.

2. Incidence pattern

Purple-leaf wood sorrel has dense leaves during the growing season, and the lower part has poor ventilation and light transmittance. When planted too densely, leaf spot disease is prone to occur. Diseased plants and plant residues in the soil are overwintering places for pathogens. Conidia are spread with the help of airflow and rain. The high temperature and humid environment is conducive to the spread and spread of the disease, and it invades the purple-leaf wood sorrel through stomata or wounds. The disease can occur from early May to early September, and can occur throughout the year in greenhouses. The disease is most serious when the temperature is 24-35°C and the relative humidity is above 90%, and is more common in the rainy season. Continuous cropping of soil is seriously affected.

3. Prevention and control measures

①Agricultural prevention and control: Strengthen field management, combine with the pruning of purple-leaf wood sorrel, and promptly remove diseased leaves, residual leaves, dead leaves, etc. in the protected area source of infection. Try to avoid continuous planting and adopt a crop rotation of more than two years. Strengthen cultivation and care, fertilize and water appropriately, pay attention to ventilation and light transmission, and maintain moderate soil moisture.

②Chemical control: In the early stage of the disease, use 70% thiophanate methyl 1000 times solution and 50% carbendazim 500 times solution, alternately spray the purple-leaf wood sorrel leaves every 7-10 days Once, spray 2-3 times continuously. You can also use 3kg of plant ash and 1kg of quicklime powder, mix well and then spread it. Apply 40-60g per pot, which has obvious control effect on purple-leaf wood sorrel leaf spot.

Root rot

1. Symptoms

Root rot damages the roots and bulbs of wood sorrel. Injured plants show wilting status

under sunlight during the day, and recover at night and early morning. The initial symptoms are that the leaves of purple-leafed wood sorrel show a state similar to lack of fertilizer and lose purple; the roots appear to shrink; the fibrous roots are less and light yellowish brown; the main root has no obvious symptoms. As the disease worsens, the plant grows worse and worse, the leaves begin to turn yellow and wither, the fibrous roots completely rot, and the main root turns dark brown and gradually rots; after extrusion, the root cortex peels off easily; the bulbs Sometimes a dark brown mold layer and glue can be seen at the base. Finally, the plant's water shortage worsened, all the purple-leaf wood sorrel leaves wilted, and the plant died. The disease is difficult to detect in its early stages.

2. Incidence pattern

The pathogen overwinters in the soil and on the remains of diseased plants. The pathogen invades the body of wood sorrel from the root wound, and then produces conidia in the diseased part, which spreads and spreads with the help of rain or irrigation water, and then infects again. The high temperature and humid environment is conducive to its onset. In addition to environmental conditions, the occurrence of diseases is closely related to cultivation and management. In continuous cropping fields, the soil is not disinfected, local water accumulates in low-lying areas, immature fertilizers are used, there are many underground pests, or root damage caused by agricultural operations, etc., the diseases are often more serious. Generally, it is more serious in high-temperature seasons, and it is also easy to occur when the soil moisture content is high.

3. Prevention and control measures

① Agricultural prevention and control: Clean the cultivation site in a timely manner, fertilize and water scientifically, prevent flooding, and maintain moderate soil moisture. Before cultivating purple-leaved wood sorrel, the substrate should be sprayed alternately with several fungicides several times to disinfect it. Pentachloronitrobenzene or formalin can be used for disinfection. If diseased plants are found, remove them promptly and destroy them. Root rot fungi are anaerobic bacteria. After purple-leaf wood sorrel is planted, loosening the soil once every 3-5 days to enhance soil permeability is an effective control measure.

② Chemical control: Spray or root-irrigate 50% thiophanate methyl 500 times solution, 50% carbendazim 500 times solution, etc. in the early stage of the disease. After the onset of the disease, you can use 50% 700-fold solution of Tubuxit, 50% 1000-fold solution of thiophanate-methyl, 65% 600-800-fold solution of Dixon, 75% 600-fold solution of chlorothalonil, etc. for root irrigation or spray.

Botrytis cinerea

1. Symptoms

Botrytis cinerea damages the leaves and bulbs of purple-leaf wood sorrel. Yellow-brown water-soaked lesions (such as boiling water burns) appear on the edges or corners of the injured leaves, and continue to expand inward and sink, causing the leaves to dry up; after the bulbs are injured, brown patches appear, When the temperature and humidity are suitable, the lesions will rapidly expand to the surrounding areas, and the diseased parts will easily rot and break away from the infected area.

When the air is humid, a dense layer of gray mold will grow on the surface of each affected area, which is the conidiophore and conidia of the pathogen. In the later stages of the disease, sclerotia may be seen in some diseased areas. When the disease is severe, the entire leaf or plant will die.

2. Incidence patterns

Botrytis cinerea pathogens attach to the remains of diseased plants as mycelium, conidia and sclerotia, or remain in the soil to overwinter. It is more common in early spring, late autumn or winter under low temperature and high humidity conditions. When the temperature is 18-25°C and the relative humidity remains above 90%, the disease will occur within 1-2 days. The growth temperature of Botrytis cinerea is 4-32°C. Above 32°C, the bacteria stop growing, developing and reproducing.

In the humid summer, if it is cloudy for several consecutive days, gray mold is also likely to occur. An environment with a large temperature difference between day and night and poor ventilation is suitable for the growth and reproduction of pathogens. Purple-leaf wood sorrel is planted too densely, potted flowers are placed too crowded, and the disease becomes serious when spraying

watering.

3. Prevention and control measures

① Agricultural prevention and control: Strengthen field management and close planting reasonably to ensure ventilation and light transmission between plants; water scientifically, control watering after the disease occurs, and water when necessary Water around the leaves and bulbs. The greenhouse should be ventilated in time and the humidity should be reduced to below 80%, especially when the temperature rises on a sunny day after a continuous cloudy period, this work must be done in a timely manner. When planting, apply sufficient base fertilizer, use decomposed organic fertilizer as much as possible, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer to keep the plants strong and improve disease resistance. When blighted leaves are found, they should be removed immediately and concentrated for high-temperature retting or deep burial. At the end of the growing season, plant residues should be cleaned up to reduce places for pathogens to survive.

②Chemical control: Spray powder in a dense plot without wind or in a closed greenhouse, use 5% chlorothalonil compound powder and 6.5% vanacetyl, spray 9-10 days

Once, use it together or alternately with other methods 2-3 times. When spraying, aim at the top of the purple-leaf wood sorrel. The spraying effect is better in the evening or during the peak incidence period after rain. Before the arrival of the rainy season or in the early stage of the disease, you can use 50% of the 800-fold solution of moldicide, 50% of the 500-800-fold solution of carbendazim, and 70% of the 800-1000-fold solution of thiophanate methyl. Wait for prevention and treatment.

Cinnabar spider mite (Tetranychus cinnabarinus)

1. Morphological characteristics

Cinnabar spider mite pest

Cinnabar spider mite belongs to the order Acarina (Acariformes) Tetranychidea, also known as red spider. The adult body of spider mite

The color changes greatly, but most of them are rusty red or dark red; the body length of female mites is 0.4-0.5mm, pear-shaped; the body length of male mites is 0.3mm

On the left and right sides, the end of the abdomen is tapered, wedge-shaped, and brown; it is oval and spherical, white and transparent; the larvae are round in shape, yellow at first, and turn brown-green after feeding.

2. Occurrence pattern

Cinnabar spider mites have 12-15 generations every year. In autumn, female adults gather in dead leaves, weed rhizospheres, soil gaps or bark gaps. Overwinter, recover in early June of the following year and then leave the overwintering site to feed and lay eggs. Purple-leaf wood sorrel can also be harmed in the greenhouse in winter, and the number of generations is even greater. Temperature and humidity have a greater impact on the density of spider mites. When the temperature is 25-30℃ and the humidity is 35-55%, insect pests are most serious. The peak bloom period of this mite is from mid-June to mid-August, and the peak bloom period is from March to June and September to November in the greenhouse. Therefore, high temperature and dry environment are the main factors for the rampant cinnabar spider mite

. The low temperature and rain in early spring and the violent storms in summer and autumn can significantly inhibit their growth, development and reproduction, and reduce the insect population density.

3. Damage characteristics

Cinnabar spider mites mainly damage the leaves of purple-leaf wood sorrel, and secondarily damage the sepals and

flowers. Cinnabar spider mites like to live on the back of leaves and use their piercing-sucking mouthparts to suck the sap of purple-leaf wood sorrel. In the early stages of damage, small yellow-white or yellow-green spots appear on the front of the leaves. Inspection of the underside of the leaves reveals insect bodies, eggs, silk screens, secretions and other debris. In severe cases, the entire leaves will appear brown and burned, and there will be a wire mesh on the back of the leaves. Later, it gradually spreads to the entire leaf, causing the leaves to become yellow and wilted. When a large amount of network damage occurs, plant growth will stagnate, leaves will turn purple, yellow, wither, and even die.

4. Prevention and control measures

①Agricultural control: Purple-leaf wood sorrel has many flowers and leaves, so it should be pruned in time to completely remove dead flowers and leaves and surrounding weeds to reduce the source of insects. , increase humidity and worsen the living conditions of cinnabar spider mites. Strengthen daily maintenance and management. When small yellow-white or yellow-green spots appear on the leaves, remove them and destroy them collectively.

②Chemical control: When the temperature rises in April, spray 40% dicofol EC 1000-1500 times

20% dicofol EC 500-800 times liquid, we cannot wait until a large-scale occurrence of cinnabar spider mites occurs before carrying out control. You can make your own insecticide for home-cultivated purple-leaf wood sorrel. Use 50g of tobacco leaves

Add 500g of water and boil for 30-40 minutes. Remove the residue and take the clear liquid to spray.

Garlic infusion or red pepper can also be boiled and then filtered and sprayed at a ratio of 1:500

to have a better control effect on cinnabar spider mites, especially against small harmful mites such as cinnabar spider mites. The effect is better.

③Biological control:

Protect the natural enemies of spider mites, such as Chrysopa sinica, Oriusminutus, and Chrysopa

septempunctata), Stethorus punctillum, Scolothrips

takahashia, etc., play a significant inhibitory role in the population growth and decline of spider mites.

Petrobia harti

1. Morphological characteristics [1]

Purple-leaf wood sorrel (2 photos)

Oxalis mite

Oxalis mites belong to the family Tetranychidea (Tetranychidea) of the order Acarina, and are also known as sorrel and spider mites. The female mite has a body length of

0.71mm and a body width of 0.49mm; the body is oval and dark red; the legs are slender and the length is about twice the body length. The male mite has a body length of 0.35mm and a body width of 0.22mm; its body color is orange, with obvious black spots on both sides of its back; the length of its legs is almost three times the body length.

2. Occurrence pattern

Oxalis rock mites occur for multiple generations every year, and the female mites overwinter in the soil cracks near the rhizosphere of purple sorrel. There are two peaks of insect abundance in early summer and mid-autumn throughout the year. Most of the eggs are laid on the back of the leaves of the purple-leafed wormwood

Sorrel grass, and a few are laid on the front of the leaves and petioles. It has the habit of oversummering and returns to the plants to feed when it is rainy and cold in autumn. Young mites and adult mites suck leaf sap from the underside of leaves. The front of the affected leaves shows yellow-white or yellow-green small spots. In severe cases, the leaves turn yellow, shrink, or even become scorched and wilted. Wood sorrel rock mites do not form silk webs and can damage both the front and back sides of leaves. During the same damage period, eggs, young mites, nymphs, and adult mites coexist.

3. Damage characteristics

The wood sorrel mite mainly damages the leaves of purple sorrel. This mite gathers in purple-leafed wood sorrel, often causing the purple-leafed wood sorrel to become withered and yellow, even withered or with only a few petioles left, seriously affecting the normal growth of purple-leafed wood sorrel. Plants with high insect population density and early onset will appear scorched in patches in late May, and most purple-leaved wood sorrel will gradually turn yellow from early June to late July. In summer, the purple-leaved wood sorrel becomes yellow and leafless due to the damage caused by the mite and the high temperature and dry environment. In the same purple-leafed wood sorrel, wood sorrel mites first damaged the edges and then spread to the middle of the plant.

4. Prevention measures

Chemical control should be used for wood sorrel rock mites. The control effect is better with 50% monocrotophos EC and 40% Dimethoate EC 1500 times. good. General contact acaricides

are basically ineffective. The reason is that the purple-leaved wood sorrel bushes are low and it is difficult to spray the agent to the back of the leaves, so the wood sorrel mite cannot reach the agent. Monocrotophos is highly toxic, so please pay attention to safety when using it. In order to reduce pollution to the environment,

it is recommended that when controlling wood sorrel rock mites, we should seize the stage of their occurrence, that is, before the damage of wood sorrel mites spreads, and spray pesticides in and around the center. Since the generations of the mites overlap and there are many eggs in the population at the same time, spraying needs to be carried out several times in succession, with an interval of about 7 days between each time. In addition, be careful not to use a single type of insecticide for a long time to avoid inducing resistance in the mite.

Thrips tabaci

1. Morphological characteristics

Damage of thrips tabaci

Thrips tabaci belongs to the order Thysanoptera (Thysanoptera) Thripidea, also known as onion thrips. Thrips tabaci has a tiny body, with a body length of 1.1-1.3mm; its body color varies greatly, mainly black, brown or yellow; its mouthparts are razor-sucking; its tentacles have 6-9 segments and are linear; its wings are narrow and long, with long and neat wings. Marginal hair; claws vestigial.

2. Occurrence rules

Tobacco thrips occurs in greenhouses for more than 12 generations every year. They lay eggs scatteredly under the leaf epidermis and in the leaf veins, and have strong reproductive ability. Adults and nymphs lurk in soil cracks, soil clods, dead branches

Falled leaves, bulbs in the field, and leaf sheaths of some plants can also overwinter in the soil in the "pupa" state, but the overwintering of adults is the most common. host. Activities will begin in March-April of the following year. A dry and rainless environment is beneficial to the growth, development and reproduction of thrips tobacco. High temperature and humidity or heavy rain can inhibit its activity. Because they are afraid of light, tobacco thrips often climb to the surface of leaves in the morning and evening and on cloudy days when the humidity is high. On sunny days, they often feed on the backs and veins of leaves. Adult worms are highly mobile, can fly and jump well, and can spread very quickly.

3. Damage characteristics

Tobacco thrips damages the leaves and flowers of purple-leaf wood sorrel, and the damage to purple-leaf wood sorrel is more serious. Tobacco thrips uses its rasp-like mouthparts to break the epidermis of the plant and suck its juice. Adults

and nymphs mostly cause damage near petioles and leaf veins.

After the young leaves are damaged, the leaves will be twisted, deformed, and grow poorly. After the damage, the leaves will appear purple, yellow or brown spots on the front and back of the leaves, with micro-shaped spots, and the leaf tissue will become thicker and thicker. It is brittle, causing leaves to wither; flowers will appear discoloration spots after being damaged. In severe cases, plant growth may stagnate, decline and die.

4. Prevention and control measures

① Agricultural prevention and control: timely irrigation and spraying, thoroughly clearing the field and surrounding plant residues and weeds, and deep plowing of the soil before winter to destroy pupation place to reduce the population of tobacco thrips.

②Physical control: Use blue water dishes or blue sticky boards to trap and kill tobacco thrips.

③Chemical control: Use 50g of 10% imidacloprid, add 250g of water and spray twice on the back or center of the leaves in the morning and evening. Spray 40% omethoate, 50% fenitrothion and other systemic agents 1000 times. Oxomethoate has an impact on flower color, so use with caution. The control effect of thrips whitefly net Ec is also better.

④Biological control: Protect and utilize the natural enemies of tobacco thrips such as Orius minutus, Nabis sinoferus, Aeolothrips fasciatus, etc. to reduce the population growth and decline of their populations. , plays a significant inhibitory effect.

Myzus persicae

1. Morphological characteristics

Myzus persicae belongs to the superfamily Aphidoidea (Homoptera), also known as red peach aphid. aphid. The peach aphid is small in size. The female aphid has a black head and chest, 6-segmented antennae, a green, brown, yellow-green or reddish-brown abdomen, and light black stripes on the back. The autumn migration of male aphids is similar to that of female aphids, with larger black spots on the abdomen. The eggs are oblong, yellow-green when first laid, and later turn black and shiny.

2. Occurrence rules

In northern areas, peach aphid can occur for more than 10 generations, with a complex life history. Some are semi-periodic (stay-behind), and the other part are full-periodic (migratory).

The semiperiodic peach aphid overwinters in the north as eggs or viviparous female aphids in vegetable cellars or greenhouses. The full-cycle peach aphid overwinters with eggs in the branches, bud axils and cracks of Rosaceae fruit trees in winter. The overwintering eggs hatch in mid-to-late April of the following year, feed and harm purple-leafed wood sorrel. . The temperature is higher than 28℃ or lower than 6℃, and the relative humidity is higher than 80%

or lower than 40%, which is unfavorable to the development and reproduction of green peach aphid, and the number of occurrences will decrease. High temperatures and heavy rains in summer have a suppressive effect on peach aphids. Winged peach aphids have a tendency toward yellow, followed by green, and have a negative tendency toward silvery gray.

3. Damage characteristics

Pearl aphids gather on the young leaves and flower buds of purple-leaf wood sorrel. As the flower buds open and the young leaves expand, they turn to harm the flowers and leaves. . The peach aphid uses its piercing-sucking mouthparts to pierce into the plant tissues

to absorb the juice, causing yellow or black spots to appear on the affected parts, wrinkled leaves, abnormal growth, and shrinkage of flower buds. In severe cases, the plant can die. . Myzus can secrete honeydew, which can cause bacterial growth and induce other diseases. In addition

insect galls can form.

4. Prevention and control measures

① Agricultural prevention and control: Combined with garden tending and maintenance management, clean the protected area, eradicate weeds, cut off dead flowers and leaves, pay special attention to cutting off insect leaves and thinning leaves. Insect seedlings to prevent the spread and spread of pests.

②Physical control: You can use yellow dishes or thin yellow plastic boards to trap and kill winged peach aphids; spread aluminum foil strips or cover silver-gray plastic films between borders or in the greenhouse to avoid peach aphids.

③Chemical control: In the early stage of peach aphid damage, 40% Dimethoate EC 50ml plus 50kg water and 50% Malathion EC 50ml plus 40kg water can be sprayed. You can also use 50g of 10% imidacloprid and 150g of water to spray, which has a significant control effect.

④Biological control: Protect and utilize the natural enemies of peach aphids, such as Leis axyridis and Propylaea japonica, for control.

Gryllotalpa unispina

1. Morphological characteristics

Dangers of Gryllotalpa unispina

Gryllotalpa unispina belongs to the order Orthoptera Gryllotalpidea, also known as Gryllotalpidea. The adult body length is 36-55mm and is yellowish brown. The wings are short and small, the front feet are flat and powerful, there is one thorn on the inner edge of the tibia of the hind feet, and there are two tail whiskers at the end of the body. The eggs are oval-shaped, milky white and shiny when first laid, and later turn to yellowish brown.

2. Occurrence rules

One generation of North China mole crickets occurs every three years. Adults and nymphs of all ages over 8 years old overwinter in the soil, sometimes as deep as 150cm. From April to May of the following year, they began to move around to get food. The North China mole cricket is large in size and has poor flying ability. It likes to eat sweet and fragrant rotten organic matter, horse manure and moist soil. North China mole crickets lie dormant during the day and emerge at night, with peak feeding activity between 21 and 22 o'clock. There is also a certain relationship between soil texture and insect population density. Insect population density is high in saline-alkali soil, followed by loam soil, and least in clay soil.

3. Damage characteristics

The North China mole cricket has a very diverse feeding habit. Both adults and nymphs are active in the soil, feeding on the bulbs and young leaves of purple-leaf wood sorrel or biting off seedlings. The roots of the affected plants appear tangled.

Because the North China mole cricket travels through the surface, it forms many tunnels, which separates the seedling soil. The seedlings often dry up and die due to loss of water.

4. Control measures

① Agricultural control: North China mole crickets cannot tolerate flooding. Irrigation will force adults to emerge from the soil, making them easier to hunt. Avoid applying immature organic fertilizers. Find the nests of North China mole crickets and eliminate the eggs and females together.

②Physical control: Make use of the phototaxis of North China mole crickets and set up black light lamps to trap and kill adult insects during their emergence period.

③Chemical control: First stir-fry 5kg of grains, wheat bran, bean cakes, cottonseed cakes or corn kernels until fragrant, then use 0.15kg of 90% trichlorfon 30 times solution, add an appropriate amount of water, and mix with moisture For this reason, the effect of spreading in the evening when there is no wind and sultry heat will be better. You can also use 40% Dimethoate EC 10 times or other pesticides to make bait.

Bradybaena similaris

1. Morphological characteristics

Bradybaena similaris belongs to the family Bradybaenidae (Stylommatophora), also known as Buffalo.

The volute is oblate spherical, solid and thick, with a yellowish-brown or reddish-brown shell surface and a horseshoe-shaped shell mouth. Oval, milky white, shiny. Juvenile oysters are smaller and similar in shape to adult oysters. The mouth is on the ventral surface of the head, and the mouth has a radula, which has many neatly arranged small teeth used for chewing and grinding food.

2. Occurrence rules

The same type of snails have 1-3 generations every year, and the adults and juveniles overwinter in the moist and dark places of the greenhouse. The shell mouth is closed by a white film. In the north, overwintering snails of the same type generally begin to move around for food in early March of the following spring, and gradually transition to overwintering in late September. The peak spawning period of the same type of snail is from May to June and August to September. It is mostly laid in moist and loose soil cracks, grass roots, dead leaves or stones. The soil is dry or the eggs are exposed on the surface. It cannot hatch, and the eggs on the surface are prone to bursting when exposed to sunlight. The same type of snail likes a warm, dark and humid environment. It stays in the day and comes out at night, feeding in the evening or early morning. On rainy days, it will live on plants or in the shade all day long.

3. Harm characteristics

The same type of snails feed on the leaves and petioles of purple-leaf wood sorrel. Adult scallops and juvenile scallops use their radula to scrape the leaves and petioles of purple-leafed wood sorrel, causing holes or nicks. In severe cases, they eat all the leaves and bite off the roots of the plants, resulting in lack of seedlings and even ridges. Destroy and replant. Wounds caused by feeding sometimes induce soft rot, leading to rot and necrosis of leaves, bulbs or roots. The white hair left by the same type of snails

Bright gelatin and black-green insect excrement affect the photosynthesis of purple-leafed wood sorrel.

4. Prevention and control measures

① Agricultural prevention and control: Clean the fields, plow and loosen the soil after rain, remove weeds, stones, plant residues and other debris in the fields, and destroy the same type of grass. Snail habitat and spawning site. Deep plowing of the soil in autumn caused mechanical casualties to some overwintering adult and juvenile shells, exposed the surface to be pecked by natural enemies or froze to death, and the eggs exploded in the sun. Controlling moisture in the soil plays a key role in preventing and controlling the same type of snail. There is a lot of rain in the first half of the year, especially in areas with high groundwater levels. Ditches should be dug in time to drain away water and reduce soil moisture. Although manual capture is time-consuming, it is very effective. You must capture snails on the soil surface and leaves before sunrise or on cloudy days every day. The captured snails of the same type must be killed and cannot be discarded. Leave it alone to prevent the eggs in its body from hatching after the death of the mother.

②Chemical control: When the same type of snails sneak into the soil in the early morning (it can be in the morning on cloudy days), spray 1:800 times of copper sulfate or 1% salt water for control. Spray with 800-1000 times of Snail Killer

or 70-400 times of ammonia water for prevention and control. It is recommended to use the above-mentioned drugs alternately to ensure killing snails and preserving leaves, and to delay the development of drug resistance in snails of the same type. Mixing polyacetaldehyde, tin, mitar and other chemicals into poisonous soil and spreading it in the evening can also have a certain effect. You can also spread tea seed cake powder and 8% Snail Killer granules on the rhizosphere soil surface, which can also control the same type of snails. Spray the enemy around the flower pots

Trichosporon, deltamethrin, and lime powder can effectively kill or drive away the same type of snails.

Wild slug (Agriolimax agrestis)

1. Morphological characteristics

Wild slug belongs to the family Limacidae (Stylommatophora), also known as slug. The adult body is spindle-shaped, 20-25mm long and 4-6mm wide; the body surface is smooth, without shell, dark gray, yellow-white or gray-red; two pairs of antennae, dark black, with eyes at the end of the rear antennae ; There is a mantle at the front end of the back of the body, with rolled edges and obvious concentric growth lines. The mucus is colorless; the eggs are white and transparent, gelatinous and oval, and are gathered into blocks in the egg sac. ; The larvae are light brown when first hatched and resemble adults.

2. Occurrence pattern

Wild slugs produce 1-2 generations every year. Adults and larvae overwinter in the moist soil at the roots of plants. The damage is more serious in spring and autumn. The temperature is 11.5-18.5℃ and the soil moisture content is 20-30%, which is beneficial to its reproduction.

Wild slugs lurk between the roots of wood sorrel and soil cracks during the day, and crawl out of the ground at night, harming the growth of wood sorrel. It has strong hunger resistance and can not eat or move when food is lacking or under adverse conditions.

Wild slugs prefer dark, humid environments, and are particularly harmful in corners of greenhouses and environments with high plant density and poor ventilation in spring. The peak time for feeding activities is from evening to dawn the next day.

When wild slugs encounter adverse environments such as dryness and odor irritation, they can quickly contract their abdominal legs inside the shell, secrete mucus, and form a liquid film outside the shell mouth to protect themselves from the adverse environment. But there is a strong tendency towards sugar. Wild slugs are afraid of light and will die in 2-3 hours under strong sunlight.

3. Damage characteristics

Wild slugs have a mixed diet and like to eat the leaves and petioles of purple-leafed wood sorrel, forming irregular nicks, holes or dead seedlings. Affected leaves are scraped and contaminated by discharged feces, losing their ornamental value. The bodies of wild slugs carry a variety of pathogens, and the wounds caused by their bites become channels for pathogens to invade, causing fungal infection and leaf rot.

4. Prevention and control measures

Wild slugs are highly concealed and secrete a large amount of mucus on their body surface. It is difficult for the liquid to directly reach the insect body, so general insecticides are difficult to be effective. They are potted plants. Purple-leaved wood sorrel is a relatively difficult pest to control.

① Agricultural prevention and control: Dig drainage ditches in the greenhouse, pay attention to drainage, lower the groundwater level, and remove weeds in time. Cultivate and weed on sunny days so that the eggs will die on their own after being exposed to the soil surface. Sprinkle lime powder or plant ash on the edge of the field where purple-leaf sorrel is placed in the open field to reduce the humidity and create an environment that is not conducive to the activities of wild slugs. When wild slugs crawl over, the body will die from dehydration.

②Chemical control: Spray 100 times ammonium bicarbonate solution, 40% slug enemy concentrate 100 times solution and other chemicals during the bloom period of wild slugs. Since slugs are not active during the day,

it is difficult for the chemical liquid to be sprayed on the bodies of wild slugs, and the general control effect is not ideal. Therefore, before chemical control, the ground in the greenhouse and the flower pots should be watered to increase the environmental humidity to facilitate slug activity, and pesticides should be applied in the evening. In order to achieve sustained and effective control effects, control should be carried out 2-3 times in a row. Taking advantage of the scent-seeking habits of wild slugs, use snail enemies to prepare oily powder or corn meal poison bait containing 4% of the active ingredient, and sprinkle it on the ground between the gaps in the flower pots or on the edges of the flower pots in the evening

to trap and kill them , chemical control tests show that the control effect can reach more than 85%.

Pest and disease control of purple-leaved wood sorrel is a complex task that is highly comprehensive. It should be based on agricultural activities, focus on prevention, eliminate the sources of pests and diseases, and conduct comprehensive management by combining physical methods, chemical agents and biological natural enemies. Follow the principle of "treat early, treat small, and cure", and eliminate pests and diseases at the initial stage of occurrence, instead of waiting until the purple-leaf wood sorrel is severely damaged.

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