1 Build a garden?
At present, the cultivated dried jujube varieties are Yuanling Jujube and Changzao (which can also be eaten fresh), and the imported varieties are Daguzao, Dabailing Jujube, June Jujube, Dongzao, Kung Fu Crispy Jujube and Jinsixiaozao, among which the cultivated area of Yuanling Jujube accounts for 10%, Changzao accounts for 45% and other varieties account for 45%. In recent years, more than 20 excellent individual plants have been selected from jujube varieties. ?
When building the garden, choose seedlings with height above 100cm, diameter above mating interface above 10cm, mature top and no pests and diseases. Pruning the root system before planting and soaking it in 50 times ABT rooting powder 1 hour are beneficial to the healing of injured roots and the formation of new roots. Spring sowing is suitable and the survival rate of sowing before germination is high. The depth and width of the planting hole (ditch) are 80 ~ 100 cm, every 666.7m? 2. Apply 4000 ~ 5000 kilograms of farmyard manure. The suitable planting depth of seedlings is that the root neck is flush with the ground. After planting, water the seedlings. After the water seeps out, adjust the tree tray or nutrient belt and cover it with plastic film. Pay attention to the configuration of pollination trees when building the garden, and the ratio is 4 ~ 5:1,which is beneficial to improve the fruit setting rate. ?
2 Management of soil, fertilizer and water?
Soil management: after fruit harvesting in autumn, deep ploughing and hole enlargement, gravel cleaning and soil improvement are carried out until the whole garden is deeply ploughed and mature. Pay attention to protect the root system, cultivate jujube trees with thin soil layer and bare root system, thicken the soil layer and repair the tree disk. Orchards with conditions should be covered with grass or planted with grass, and clover should be planted in grass gardens. Jujube orchards in mountainous and hilly areas are covered with plastic films and stored in caves. ?
Fertilization: after fruit picking in autumn, apply basic fertilizer, 50 ~ 100 kg of organic fertilizer such as soil miscellaneous fertilizer and ring fertilizer, and a small amount of quick-acting fertilizer and special fertilizer for fruit trees 1 ~ 1.5 kg. Base fertilizer can also be used in combination with deep digging and hole enlargement, gravel cleaning and soil improvement. Top dressing 1 time in the germination stage in early April and fruit-setting stage in the middle and late May, with 0.5 ~1.0 kg of urea applied to each plant; During the fruit expansion period in the first half of July, the special fertilizer for fruit trees 1 ~ 1.5 kg or diammonium phosphate 0.5 ~ 1.0 ~ 2.0 kg and potassium sulfate 1.0 ~ 2.0 kg should be applied topdressing per plant. Spraying 0.3% urea 1 time every 15 days in the early growth stage and spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 3 ~ 4 times in the late growth stage can improve the yield and quality. ?
Irrigation: after each fertilization, irrigate 1 time, and before winter, irrigate 1 time with frozen water to improve the overwintering and cold resistance of jujube trees. ?
3 flower protection and fruit protection?
Girdling: For Wang Zhuang jujube trees with trunk diameter greater than 10cm, girdling should be carried out at a smooth part about 20cm from the ground to reduce flower and fruit dropping and improve yield and quality. The width of peeling mouth should be controlled at110 of the trunk diameter. Weak trees and young trees under 3 years old should not be girdled. Pay attention to wound protection after girdling. Apply 1 pesticide to the wound every 10 days or so, and apply it twice continuously. After half a month, smooth the wound with mud. ?
Core-taking: before the first core-taking 1 time, core-taking is carried out on the developing branch and the following two base branches; After 5 ~ 7 days, the middle and upper base branches and fruiting branches of developing branches are cored; In another 5 ~ 7 days, a few fruit branches that have not been pitted will all be pitted. At the same time, too dense branches are removed to control vegetative growth and promote fruit setting. ?
4 plastic trimming?
Spindle pruning is beneficial to early fruit and high yield in young jujube orchards planted in pieces. There are 5 ~ 7 main branches on the middle trunk. Mature jujube trees or jujube intercropping jujube trees adopt a sparse shape, or because trees are trimmed and reshaped with branches, generally 6-8 dry branches are left per tree. For trees with disordered structure, dense branches, straight branches, unclear main side, strong upper part and weak lower part, poor ventilation and light transmission, serious pests and diseases, outward migration of fruiting parts, and decline in yield and quality due to improper pruning and thinning.
Remove or retract branches that are too dense and crossed, retract and renew drooping branches and aging branches, cut jujube branches at intervals, expand the crown and enrich the inner chamber. ?
5 control pests and diseases?
Common diseases are jujube rust and jujube leaf spot; The main pests are peach moth, jujube inchworm, Japanese tortoise shell, thorn moth, red spider, scarab, jujube bud weevil, jujube armyworm, jujube gall midge, jujube leaf tick and so on. It is necessary to establish a standardized forecasting system, find out the growth and decline law of pests and diseases, and carry out comprehensive prevention and control. See table 1 for the annual work calendar of major pest control. ?