Pomegranate has beautiful branches and leaves, bright colors, long flowering period and many red fruits on the branches after flowering. It is a well-known flower for viewing flowers and fruits. However, some people have been cultivated for several years, but they just don't blossom or bear fruit, or they just blossom and bear no fruit. This is mainly caused by improper maintenance. If we can master sufficient light, reasonable water and fertilizer supply, proper pruning and other essentials, we can make pomegranate flourish, bloom flourish and bear numerous fruits.
Pay attention to the following points:
Pomegranate (1) is a high-temperature resistant plant in Xiyang, so potted pomegranate in courtyard or balcony does not need shade, and it should be placed in sunny place during the growing season. You can bask in the hot sun in summer. The more sun exposure, the more beautiful the flowers and the more fruits. Some people especially like potted pomegranate, hoping that it will blossom and bear fruit forever, but they are afraid that it can't stand the strong sunshine in summer and always keep it in the shade at noon or even all day. As everyone knows, this is counterproductive-it is one of the main reasons why pomegranate does not blossom and bear fruit. Due to insufficient light in the growing period, it is easy to cause white branches and leaves to grow, resulting in less flowers and less fruits, and even no flowering and no fruit in serious cases.
(2) Pomegranate requires moist soil, but it is not waterlogged. Therefore, whether planted in the ground or potted, we should always keep the soil moist and not accumulate water. Generally, it is enough to water 1 time a day in summer, and it can be watered 1 time every other day in late autumn. The watering of potted pomegranate should be strictly controlled in the flowering and fruiting period, and it is strictly forbidden to water the potted soil as soon as the surface is dry. It is advisable to wait until the branches and leaves wither slightly before watering, not too late, but thoroughly. If the pot soil is too dry, it is easy to cause buds, dried fruits and fruit drop; Although the pot soil is too wet, it sometimes does not affect the growth of plants, but it is also prone to bud drop and fruit cracking. This is also a reason that affects its flowering and fruiting.
(3) Pomegranate likes fat meat. Potted pomegranate, when putting or changing pots, apply sufficient base fertilizer at the bottom of pots. The fertilizer can be compost or decomposed chicken and duck manure, cake fertilizer, etc. During the growing period of the year, dilute liquid fertilizer can be applied once a month. Topdressing should be applied in the next growing season. Generally every lO- 15 days. Chicken and duck manure and fish intestine water can be fermented and mixed with water for use. Rich phosphate fertilizer should be applied before and after bud pregnancy to promote bud flowering. Apply less fertilizer at flowering stage. After flowering, some fertilizers mainly containing phosphorus and potassium should be applied, such as 1%-2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution, which is beneficial to fruit development. After the fruit is formed, it is advisable to apply thin fertilizer frequently. Potted pomegranate, if fertilization is too frequent and too much at ordinary times, especially if nitrogen fertilizer is applied too much, it will easily lead to virtual growth and make the plant bloom less or not.
(4) During the growth of potted pomegranate, some dense branches, weak branches and basal clumped branches should be cut off in time to ensure the concentration of nutrients, make the main branches grow healthily, and promote colorful flowers, fruit fertilizer and beautiful trees. If potted pomegranate doesn't bloom at the flowering stage, the method of forcing flower buds to grow can be adopted-that is, necessary pruning or erasing the terminal buds at the tip. This can not only control the length of the plant, but also promote the growth of new lateral branches. Generally, flower buds appear about a week after pruning. In addition, pomegranate should be thinned in time to make the fruit bigger and sweeter.
Question 2: When to prune pomegranate trees in winter, also known as dormant pruning, it is advisable to prune pomegranate trees after defoliation and before germination. In arid and cold areas, winter pruning is prone to freezing injury, which can be postponed until spring germination.
For the treatment of fruiting mother branches, in the pruning of fruiting mother branches, it is necessary to identify flower buds and fruiting mother branches with flower buds first, and try to keep the fruiting mother branches with flower buds and 3-5 vegetative branches around them, so that the ratio of fruiting mother branches to vegetative branches is roughly1:5-15; If the original branches are too dense, no flower buds are formed or there are few flower buds, then just trim them until the branches do not cross or overlap, leaving a certain space.
The treatment of big branches should follow the principle of "three sparse and three dense" (big branches are sparse and small branches are dense, the upper part is sparse and the lower part is dense, and the outer part is sparse and the inner cavity is dense). The distance between the three main branches and the lateral branches should be 80- 100 cm, which is beneficial to the living space of the branchlets (branches). When the distance between the main branch and the side branch is small, the big branch can be thinned or opened.
For the treatment of branchlets, after the main lateral branches are separated, the distribution of branchlets (large and small branches) in the crown is sparse on the top and dense on the bottom, and dense on the outside. The density of branchlets in the inner chamber is slightly denser than that in the upper and outer parts, but it should not be too dense. It is required that the branchlets do not cross or overlap, leaving a certain space. The purpose of leaving space is to leave room for the sprouted new buds to grow and avoid the cross and overlap of the new buds.
In addition, all branches affected by pests and diseases should be cut off and burned, and the wound tissue should be protected with antiseptic film in time at the pruning mouth to prevent the invasion of germs. At the same time, after pruning, the trees should be sprayed and disinfected in the whole garden to reduce the source of germs.
Autumn pruning
Thinning branches, i.e. cutting off dense, overgrown sprouting branches and tillers with diseases and insect pests, and then sticking a callus antiseptic film on the pruning opening to protect wound tissue from healing and prevent invasion and infection of germs; It is also required that the light spots under the crown after thinning are evenly distributed on the ground, which should account for 10% ~ 15% of the projected area of the crown. Bury or burn the cut fruit branches with pests and diseases, and spray the trees in the whole garden for disinfection to reduce the source of germs.
Question 3: When is it better to prune pomegranate trees? Pomegranate grows vigorously in summer. If there are too many branches in summer, it will affect the accumulation of nutrients, so it is often cut short in summer to control its growth.
The new branches are strong and vigorous, which will lose a lot of nutrition. After short cutting, the whole plant can grow and a small number of slender branches can be removed. In addition, the main purpose of cutting off weak branches, inner branches and parallel branches is to make the whole pot of plants beautiful.
It should also be noted that pomegranate should not be maintained at high temperature in winter, and should be given a lower temperature environment to make it dormant, which is conducive to flowering. Generally, the environmental temperature of potted pomegranate should be kept between 0-5℃ and not higher than 10℃, and watering should be controlled, so as not to keep it wet and dry, and only water should be poured once when the soil in the pot is completely dry to prevent the whole plant from being seriously dehydrated, which is not conducive to late spring germination.
Fertilization should be based on phosphorus and potassium, and the key seasons of fertilization are before flowering and budding in summer and after fruit removal in autumn, which is quite critical.
Question 4: When will pomegranate flowers be pruned? The most important feature of pomegranate is that its cryptobud has strong germination ability and is extremely resistant to pruning, which creates favorable conditions for plastic surgery. However, it is precisely because of its strong sprouting and messy tree shape that it affects the appreciation. In order to make pomegranate flowers, fruits and shapes beautiful, we must pay attention to pruning and shaping. Pomegranate can be divided into three categories: fruit pomegranate, flower pomegranate and potted pomegranate. Pruning and shaping of pomegranate vary from variety to variety. According to our experience in large-scale pomegranate management for many years, it is described as follows: 1. Pomegranate can be refurbished into a single-knife round crown, and the trunk should be highlighted when pruning, and the upper branches should be trimmed into natural development type. Dead branches, weak branches, dense branches, long branches and rhizosphere sprouting branches must be cut off in time to facilitate ventilation and light transmission and reduce maintenance. When pruning and shaping, we should be careful not to prune the spring shoots too short, because the top buds attacked in spring have a high fruit setting rate. Pomegranate should also pay attention to proper fruit thinning in order to concentrate nutrition and make the fruit large and small. 2. Pomegranate: Generally, it is not necessary to prune again, but 3 ~ 5 lateral branches can be pruned into a multi-stem cluster, or dead branches and weak branches can be removed at any time during the management of short flat-headed crown. If it doesn't bloom during the flowering period, the terminal bud can be cut off to inhibit the infinite length of the plant and promote the production of new lateral buds. Generally, after this pruning, after one week, buds can appear and break into flowers. After flowering, the residual flowers and branches that have blossomed should be cut off in time so as to grow new branches and flowers again. If you don't prune after flowering, the number of branches will increase gradually, which will affect the tree shape and make the branches weak. The old branches of pomegranate should be cut short once every three years, and all the branches that were sent three years ago should be cut off and completely updated. 3. Potted pomegranate: During the growing season, it should be peeled and trimmed for many times according to the ornamental characteristics, and renovated into various artistic shapes such as spherical, unique short stems and flat tops to achieve beautiful tree shape and promote the number of flowers and fruits. 4. Notes on pomegranate pruning: 1. Dead branches, pests and diseases, twigs, crossed branches, clustered branches, rhizosphere sprouting branches in spring. Should be cut off, keep the strong branches and crown shape, which is conducive to promoting more new branches, more flowers and more fruits. 2. For the seedlings, you can start coring for many times at the height of 10 cm to promote the growth of branches to reach the full crown width.
Question 5: When is the best time to fertilize pomegranate trees, when to prune them, and what are the pruning techniques? Mid-May and mid-October
Generally, available nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in the first half of May before flowering, combined with phosphate fertilizer to promote vegetative growth. After flowering, topdressing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer at the fruiting stage and young fruit expansion stage can promote the rapid growth of young fruits and the formation of flower buds. At the same time, topdressing outside the roots should be carried out for many times during the growing season, and 0.3% ~ 0.5% urea or 1% diammonium phosphate should be sprayed on the leaves. When there is a lack of trace elements, it is necessary to spray trace fertilizers in time.
In mid-September, a large number of fruits matured and were harvested one after another. Prune carefully after the autumn harvest and apply base fertilizer in time, mainly agricultural organic fertilizer. The application of base fertilizer in autumn should be completed before 5438+ 10 in mid-June, and fertilization is prohibited in winter.
Winter pruning:
Winter pruning, also known as dormancy pruning, should be carried out after defoliation and before germination. In arid and cold areas, winter pruning is prone to freezing injury, which can be postponed until spring germination.
In addition, all branches affected by pests and diseases should be cut off and burned, and the wound tissue should be healed with antiseptic film in time at the pruning mouth to prevent the invasion of germs. At the same time, after pruning, the trees should be sprayed and disinfected in the whole garden to reduce the source of germs.
Autumn pruning:
Thinning branches, i.e. cutting off dense, overgrown sprouting branches and tillers with diseases and insect pests, and then sticking a callus antiseptic film on the pruning opening to protect wound tissue from healing and prevent invasion and infection of germs; It is also required that the light spots under the crown after thinning are evenly distributed on the ground, which should account for 10% ~ 15% of the projected area of the crown. Bury or burn the cut fruit branches with pests and diseases, and spray the trees in the whole garden for disinfection to reduce the source of germs.
Pruning skills:
Treatment of fruiting mother branches: In the pruning of fruiting mother branches, it is necessary to identify flower buds and fruiting mother branches with flower buds at first, try to keep the fruiting mother branches with flower buds and 3-5 vegetative branches around them, so that the ratio of fruiting mother branches to vegetative branches is approximately1:5-15; If the original branches are too dense, no flower buds are formed or there are few flower buds, then only trim them until the branches do not cross, overlap and leave no gaps.
Treatment of big branches: It should be carried out according to the principle of "three sparse and three dense" (big branches are sparse and small branches are dense, the upper part is sparse and the lower part is dense, and the outer sparse cavity is dense). The distance between three main branches and lateral branches should be 80- 100 cm, which is beneficial to the living space of branchlets (branches). When the distance between the main branch and the side branch is small, the big branch can be thinned or opened.
Treatment of branchlets: after the main lateral branches are spaced apart, the distribution of branchlets (large and small branches) in the crown is sparse on the top and dense on the bottom, and dense on the outside. The density of branchlets in the inner chamber is slightly denser than that in the upper and outer parts, but it should not be too dense. It is required that the branchlets do not cross or overlap, leaving a certain space. The purpose of leaving space is to leave room for the sprouted new buds to grow and avoid the cross and overlap of the new buds.
Question 6: When is the best month to prune pomegranate trees? 65438+February is the most suitable pruning for pomegranate trees. By that time, the tree has completed the "work" of storing nutrients, and all the leaves have fallen out, so you can see clearly how many branches there are and whether it is necessary to stay; The temperature is not very cold, suitable for shaping and pruning. Of course, in summer, some branches on the back can also be properly sparse to improve the light in the tree.
Question 7: How to prune pomegranate? How to prune pomegranate? Natural pomegranate trees are usually round and dry. There are two kinds of artificial shaping: single-work and multi-work, and natural and happy shaping is more productive.
(1) natural happy single trunk;
After planting, select 1 trunk, fix the trunk at a height of 60-80 cm, and then select 3-5 strong branches from new shoots for main branch culture, leaving no center. The remaining new branches only have a few branches with room for growth as auxiliary branches, and the rest are thinned out. For the selected main branches, the angle is widened by pulling, and the length is shortened by L/3 when cutting in winter, which promotes the lower branches to be multi-branched. L-2 lateral branches are selected from each main branch, and bearing branch groups are arranged on the lateral branches. After shaping, the whole tree has 3 main branches and 3-6 lateral branches, and the height and crown width of the tree are controlled within 2-2.5 meters.
(2) Multi-trunk natural happy modeling:
Let it grow in the first year of planting and wash it in the second year, leaving three branches with equal strength and slightly inclined growth as the main branches, removing the rest and removing new buds at any time, which is called "clearing the pier". Select 3-4 large lateral branches on each trunk, 1 lateral branches are 60-70cm away from the ground, and the distance between other adjacent lateral branches is 50-60cm. Each main branch is equipped with 15-20 large and medium-sized fruiting branches respectively. After shaping, the whole tree has 3 main branches, 6- 12 lateral branches and 45-60 large and medium-sized fruit branches, and the height and crown width of the tree are between 3.5-4 meters. Pomegranate branches are soft and droop naturally after fruiting, so the main branch angle should not be too wide during plastic surgery, and the main branch angle should be 35-40. In addition, the number of backbone branches should be moderate, too much will easily lead to crown closure, weak tree potential and reduced fruit quality.
(3) Pruning in the young tree period:
After pruning for 4-5 years, according to the requirements of the selected trees, choose to cultivate the backbone branches at all levels and cultivate the fruiting branches. At the same time, it is necessary to remove delicate branches, redundant secondary branches under scissors and branches sprouting at the base of the trunk in time. For long branches, they can be thinned or shrunk and transformed into fruiting branches after fruiting.
(4) Pruning trees in the first fruiting period (five years after planting):
At the beginning of fruit, the crown expands rapidly and has strong growth potential. For the first pruning, it is necessary to complete the cultivation and adjustment of each group of backbone branches and cultivate fruiting branches. Secondly, we should reduce the tree vigor by pruning to ensure high yield and high quality. It is necessary to give priority to light cutting and thinning, remove strong branches and leave medium and weak branches; Remove the upright branches, leaving the inclined and horizontal branches. For upright branches, they can also be transformed into large and medium-sized fruiting branches by twisting and pulling.
(5) Pruning of trees in full fruit period (over 10 years old): The growth potential of trees in full fruit period is weak, so pruning should be used to adjust the relationship between growth and fruiting, keep the trees strong and prolong the fruiting life. When the vegetative branches around the crown become weak, they should be cut short to restore vitality. As a result of the decline of seed-setting ability, the branch group should be retracted and updated, generally to the place where the branch is strong or upward. In the full fruit period, the crown is often closed and the internal light is not good, so the upright and strong branches on the periphery and upper part of the crown should be completely sparse. Trees with too many main branches should be drained or shrunk as appropriate. If the angle is too small to grow vertically, you can change the back branch or pull the branch to open the angle. The twigs, sprouting branches and dead branches in the crown should be removed. Pomegranate grows in large quantities, especially young trees. New shoots can grow 2-4 times a year, and the number of new shoots is large, which is easy to cause canopy. Therefore, pruning during the growth period is very necessary. It can be carried out after sprouting in spring, flowering in summer and harvesting in autumn, thinning out sprouting branches, vigorous branches and crowded branches, removing the core from long branches, and widening the angle with bracing, so as to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of trees and relieve tree vigor.
Question 8: When will pomegranate trees be pruned? Pruning time of pomegranate tree in winter: after defoliation 15 days-before germination. The trim is just right now. Pruning points: drain back branches, pests and diseases, over-dense branches and cross branches.
Question 9: When will pomegranate trees be pruned? Pomegranate trees can be pruned all year round, but the pruning points are different in different periods. Plastic pruning is mainly carried out in winter. In summer and autumn, erect branches, over-dense branches, cross branches, overlapping branches, diseases and pests on the back can also be thinned to improve the illumination of the temple in the crown.
Question 10: How to prune pomegranate trees? It is relatively simple and does not require drawings. You can refer to the following methods:
Pruning pomegranate is generally carried out in winter. First, select the main branches, remove the sprouting branches and steep branches in time, and trim the drooping branches, dead branches and horizontal branches inside the crown to make the crown branches stretch evenly. After the fruiting period, it is only necessary to remove the over-dense branches, dead branches, diseased branches and aging branches.