1 General situation
Paving is very important in garden design. Whether it is a newly-built garden or a rebuilt garden, paving is faced with the problem of how to match the landscape. Among many landscape elements, especially in modern garden landscape projects, its scope and status are very important.
If garden pavement can be called landscape pavement in garden terminology, it is the most frequently used place in the landscape. Although a beautiful building, a large structure or a striking natural landscape, their influence depends more on their spatial scale and appearance, from a plane perspective, pavement is the main visual source. A good pavement can enhance its decorative effect and organically combine the garden landscape with the surrounding environment.
In landscape design, the ground pavement is rich in form and content, from soft and green grassland to solid and steady brick, stone and concrete. In interior decoration, the floor materials will be more or less limited by carpets or other ground decorations, which makes you only use materials such as stone, floor or ceramic tiles. In outdoor design, you can choose more surfaces. You can create a variety of different effects just by using the lawn, such as smooth, overgrown with weeds, full of wild flowers, and you can also plant some herbs on the lawn.
2 Paving forms
2.1 Soft Paving
Shrub and lawn are the most common paving forms. Although they are simple, they can create attractive effects, which can strengthen the unity of the landscape. There is such a landscape: a carefully trimmed green belt is located in the center of a long landscape line, which leads people's attention to the end of the green belt, or even further, while the lawns on both sides of the green belt are not trimmed and allowed to grow naturally, showing a lush and colorful midsummer scenery.
2.2 Hard Paving
Paved garden road can not only connect different scenic spots in the garden, but also become an important gardening element and a focus of viewing. With proper paving materials, a small space without characteristics can be turned into a characteristic landscape. Commonly used paving materials are: stone, brick, gravel, concrete, wood, recyclable materials, etc. Different materials have different textures and styles.
2.2.1 stone
the garden road paved with stone not only meets the use function, but also meets people's aesthetic needs. We should also note that the higher the utilization rate of the garden road, the more serious the wear and tear, so it is necessary to choose wear-resistant paving materials. Stone is one of the most natural paving materials, whether it is limestone with natural texture, layered sandstone or bright granite, even if it is not polished, the ground paved by them is easy to be accepted by people. Although sometimes the cost of stone is higher, because of its high durability and ornamental value, natural stone should be the first choice for people under the condition that funds allow.
newly mined or polished stones are widely used, and the long-standing hard stones have a unique charm. Even the fragments of natural stones can be used continuously, and beautiful patterns can also be paved. Few paving materials in the building materials market are as charming as natural stones, especially the reasonable layout and skilled technology will make this advantage more obvious.
Natural stone is quite expensive. If you want to use stone to pave a platform, its cost will be several times that of concrete pavement. It should be noted that uncontrolled exploitation of stone in some places damages the ecological environment and wastes a lot of local resources. Therefore, we advocate the use of renewable material resources such as gravel, concrete or clay bricks as far as possible under the reasonable premise to avoid damaging the natural landscape.
2.2.2 Brick
Brick paving has simple construction and various forms and styles. Take building bricks for example, they are not only rich in color, but also controllable in shape and specifications. Many special types of bricks can meet the special needs of paving and create special effects, such as paving bricks for cold areas, which have strong frost resistance and corrosion resistance. In addition, the brick paving construction technology is relatively simple.
As an outdoor paving material, bricks have many advantages. With correct ingredients and careful firing, bricks will be as strong and durable as concrete. They have more colors than natural stone, and there are various splicing forms, which can transform many patterns, and the effect is naturally different.
bricks are also suitable for paving in small areas, such as small gardens, paths or narrow balconies. Like those small-scale spaces-small corners, irregular boundaries or places where stones and slates can't work, bricks can increase the interest of the landscape.
Bricks can also be used as edging and finishing of other paving materials, such as between large slabs, which can form a visual transition, and moreover, its size can be changed to be suitable for special plots. It is a successful practice to use brick as the edge of the terrace. Because this paving method reduces the pressure of the outer pavement, the structure is relatively stable. If gravel pavement is used, it is a good method to use brick edge regardless of whether it is on one side or laying a trail.
2.2.3 Gravel
Gravel is a kind of material that constitutes natural riverbeds, shoals and hills. It is cheap and widely used. Gravel landscapes can be seen everywhere in nature, and in regular gardens, gravel can also create extremely natural effects. They are generally used to connect various landscapes, construct landscapes, or shape and trim plants. No matter what method is adopted, gravel is always used. Gravel is a natural paving material. At present, modern landscape is widely used. In fact, it has been used for centuries.
in a natural garden, plants spread freely to paths or other pavements, where gravel is the best medium to connect various landscapes. The paths paved by gravel are not only dry, stable and solid, but also provide the most ideal shading effect for plants. Of course, it is different from other paving materials, such as gravel for paving and soil for planting, in terms of paving methods, but it still maintains a natural overall.
in addition to this, gravel is highly permeable, and it will not be too slippery even if it is wet by water, so gravel is undoubtedly a better choice in terms of transportation.
Nowadays, many places use colored gravels, such as bright yellow, deep purple, bright orange, bright pink, and even dyed with colored stripes. They look more like an attractive coffee candy than a stone. These bright solid colors are exciting and have a strong visual impact. For those designers who are innovative and dare to break the conventional constraints, they are the source of inspiration and the foundation of creation.
2.2.4 concrete
concrete may lack the emotional appeal of naturally weathered stone, and it is not as fashionable as the popular stack wood pavement, but it has the advantages of low cost, simple laying, strong plasticity and high durability. If the casting technology is reasonable, concrete is not inferior to any other paving materials. At the same time, the changeable appearance adds weight to its practical development. Through some simple processes, such as dyeing technology, painting technology and etching technology, beautiful patterns can be described and changed to meet the design requirements.
On the surface, concrete is not your first choice, but after understanding its extensive practicability, super durability and simple paving, you may be attracted by its charm and change your initial decision when paving concrete with a natural appearance after a little treatment.
2.2.5 Wood
Wood is simple to handle, convenient to maintain and replace, and more importantly, it is a natural product, not artificially manufactured. As an outdoor paving material, the use range of wood is not as wide as that of stone or other paving materials, but in the construction field, wood is used the most. Unlike stone and concrete, wood is prone to decay and decay, but it can be painted and painted at will. In garden pavement, wood pavement is more elegant and natural, and wood is the first choice in trestle, hydrophilic platform, tree pool and other applications.
wood is widely used in landscape paving, for example, stepping stones made of cut tree trunks and floors made of stacked wood. It can strengthen landscape paving made of other materials, or mix with them, or enclose the periphery, such as wooden shelves, fences, stakes and wooden columns. In natural gardens, the natural color of wood paving is often used, which not only perfectly combines with design style, but also has ornamental value. And it can be contrasted with the rough outline of grid and fence. Sometimes, most regular gardens use artificial paint to paint and dye them, so as to strengthen the position of wooden pavement or garden sketches and highlight the rigor of regular gardens.
the biggest advantage of wooden pavement is that it gives people a soft and intimate feeling, so wooden blocks or pallets are often used instead of bricks and stones. Especially in the rest area, where tables and chairs are placed, its advantages are more obvious than those of hard and cold stone materials.
2.2.6 Recyclable materials
In a period of time, the words "sustainable development" and "recycling" often appeared in newspapers, and the concept of paving the landscape garden with recyclable materials came into being. Almost all paving materials can be recycled, not to mention the general paving materials such as stone, paving bricks, logs and paving stones. Besides, there are many special materials that can be considered.
In the past, people exploited energy crazily, and many natural building materials were consumed in large quantities. The cost of paving materials such as natural stone was rising due to the imbalance between supply and demand. Now, people gradually realize the harmfulness of uncontrolled development and utilization of resources, and also realize the importance of rational utilization of sustainable and renewable resources.
The most obvious example is the reuse of used paving materials. The principle of keeping the old as before in the renovation of ancient gardens can also be adopted in the paving construction. If the surface of paving stone or brick is just covered with a layer of moss or lichen, it should be reasonably protected and utilized in the construction.
because used pavements or stone chips have a unique sense of vicissitudes, their value is not low.
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