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12 discussion on supervision and control measures of construction quality and safety for red line problems of railway projects?
A, tunnel engineering, mainly check the project 9 ***3 categories.

1. Inspection item 1: The initial support, lining thickness and concrete strength of the tunnel are insufficient. Inspection item 1, category 1: insufficient initial support thickness. Supervision control measures (key points): check the technical disclosure and the on-site technical management personnel in place; Check whether the section size is measured before the initial support construction; Check whether the steel frame is manufactured in the factory and used after inspection and trial assembly; The steel frame shall be erected in time, and the model, quantity, spacing (10cm), arch pad, connection mode, verticality, position and direction angle of the lock-foot anchor or anchor pipe shall be correct, and the initial shotcrete thickness shall be ≥4cm to install the steel frame, and the surface coating thickness shall be ≥ 3 cm; The initial support must be constructed immediately after excavation; Sprayed concrete is sprayed once, with arch thickness ≤6cm and side wall ≤10 cm; The specifications of the steel bars used in the steel mesh are correct, the spacing deviation is less than 10mm, and the lap length (1 ~ 2 mesh, deviation ≤ 50mm) meets the requirements; After the initial support is completed, the thickness should be checked in time; At the beginning of construction, the supervisor should stand by and supervise. Inspection item 1, item 2: the strength of the initial set concrete is insufficient. Supervision control measures (key points): check whether raw materials and mixture ratio meet the design requirements; Whether wet spraying technology is used for shotcrete, the primary thickness of arch is ≤6cm, the side wall is ≤ 10cm, and the wet curing is not less than 14d after the final setting for 2 hours. Inspection item 1, item 3: Insufficient lining thickness, including vault gap. Supervision control measures (key points): before lining construction, check whether the clearance size meets the requirements; Whether the second lining trolley has been inspected and tested before use; Whether the vault adopts formwork grouting technology; Whether the process measures are in place. Inspection item 1, item 4: insufficient strength of lining concrete. Supervision control measures (key points): firstly, check whether the site technology, testers and management personnel are in place, secondly, check whether the raw materials and mixture ratio meet the requirements, then check whether the concrete construction quality assurance measures are in place, and finally check whether the testing methods and regulations of lining concrete strength meet the requirements; When lining concrete is poured, the supervisor should stand by and supervise. 2. Inspection item category 2: Tunnel excavation is not carried out in accordance with the prescribed methods and safety steps. Item 2 of inspection item 1: the tunnel was not excavated according to the specified method. Supervision control measures (key points): check whether the excavation method meets the design requirements; If the geological conditions change, the excavation method should be changed, and the design should be changed according to the procedure before implementation. Inspection items: Item 2 of Category 2: The safety steps of tunnels with complex weak surrounding rocks exceed the standard. Supervision control measures (key points): control excavation footage according to surrounding rock conditions; The construction spacing should meet the requirements (the distance between the closed position of surrounding rock above Grade IV of initial support and the working face should not be greater than 35mⅰ; the surrounding rock of Grade I and II should not exceed 200m; the surrounding rock of Grade III should not exceed 120m; the surrounding rock of Grade IV should not exceed 90m; and the surrounding rock of Grade V and VI should not exceed 70m). 3. The third category of inspection items: surrounding rock monitoring and measurement and advanced geological prediction are not carried out according to the regulations during tunnel construction, and toxic and harmful gases are not monitored according to the special plan. Item 3 of inspection item 1: surrounding rock monitoring and measurement were not carried out as required during tunnel construction. Monitoring measures (key points): Monitor the spacing of measuring points (the surrounding rock of Grade IV is not more than 10m, and the surrounding rock of Grade V is not more than 5m) and the measuring frequency meets the requirements; Monitoring points must be set and monitored on the surface of shallow buried, asymmetric and underpass buildings. Item 2, Category 3: Tunnel construction fails to make advance geological prediction as required. Supervision control measures (key points): check whether the construction unit has compiled the implementation outline of advanced geological prediction, which will be implemented by professionals after approval according to procedures; According to the geological conditions of different surrounding rocks, adjust the advanced geological prediction method in time. Item 3, Category 3 of inspection items: The tunnel where toxic and harmful gases escape is not monitored according to the special plan. Supervision and control measures (key points): check whether on-site technicians and management personnel are in place; Check whether the roadway where toxic and harmful gases escape is safe and make technical disclosure; Check whether the tunnel where toxic and harmful gases escape is equipped with detection and monitoring equipment; Whether the frequency or method of detection and monitoring meets the requirements. Second, the subgrade and protection engineering, mainly check the project *** 1 class 3. Inspection item 1, grade 1: subgrade filling does not meet the design requirements. Supervision control measures (key points): check whether subgrade filler is used before inspection; Whether unqualified fillers are used. Inspection item 1, item 2: foundation treatment such as CFG pile is unqualified. Supervision and control measures (key points): check whether on-site technicians and management personnel are in place; Check whether the on-site operation flow is; Check whether the parameters and bearing capacity of foundation treatment meet the design requirements; In the process of CFG pile construction, the supervisor should stand by and watch. 1 Class 3: The prestressed anchor cable for slope protection is not constructed according to the design requirements. Supervision and control measures (key points): check whether on-site technicians and management personnel are in place; Whether the varieties, specifications and quality of the application meet the design requirements; Whether the drawing test meets the design requirements. Three, bridge engineering, mainly check the project ***2 class 4. 1. Inspection item: 1 Class: The length of Class III and IV piles and reinforcing cages in bridge pile foundation is insufficient. Inspection item 1, grade 1: Class III and IV piles appear in the bridge pile foundation. Supervision and control measures (key points): check whether on-site technicians and management personnel are in place; Check whether technical disclosure has been made; Check whether the raw materials and mixture ratio meet the design; Check whether the construction technology meets the requirements; Once class Ⅲ and Ⅳ piles are found, measures shall be taken in time (supervision instructions shall be issued) and reported to the supervision station in time. Inspection item 1, item 2: the length of reinforcing cage is insufficient. Supervision and control measures (key points): check whether on-site technicians and management personnel are in place; Supervise the construction unit to strictly implement the "three inspection systems" for process inspection and acceptance; Strengthen process inspection and acceptance, key process supervision and key process concealed engineering supervision; The problem of insufficient reinforcement cage length has not been processed, and it is not allowed to enter the next working procedure. 2. The second category of inspection items: cast-in-place beam full-house support and continuous beam hanging basket are not specially designed and constructed according to the design requirements. 1 item, inspection item category 2: No special design is required for cast-in-place beam full-house support and continuous beam hanging basket construction. Supervision and control measures (key points): check whether on-site technicians and management personnel are in place; Strengthen the number of video inspections and strengthen the process inspection and acceptance; Once the hidden danger of safety and quality (no special design) is found, take timely measures (issue supervision instructions) and report to the supervision station in time. Item 2, Category 2 of inspection items: construction failed to meet the design requirements. Supervision control measures (key points): strengthen the number of video inspections and strengthen process inspection and acceptance; Once the hidden dangers of safety and quality are found (the construction is not carried out according to the design requirements), measures shall be taken in time (supervision instructions shall be issued) and reported to the supervision station in time. Iv. Building construction, main inspection items *** 1 category 4. Inspection item 1, grade 1: Class III and IV piles appear in the pile foundation. Supervision and control measures (key points): check whether on-site technicians and management personnel are in place; Check whether technical disclosure has been made; Check whether the raw materials and mixture ratio meet the design; Check whether the construction technology meets the requirements; Once class Ⅲ and Ⅳ piles are found, measures shall be taken in time (supervision instructions shall be issued) and reported to the supervision station in time. Inspection item 1, item 2: the length of reinforcing cage is insufficient. Supervision and control measures (key points): check whether on-site technicians and management personnel are in place; Supervise the construction unit to strictly implement the "three inspection systems" for process inspection and acceptance; Strengthen process inspection and acceptance, key process supervision and key process concealed works. Inspection Item 1 Item 3: The steel structure of the station building is unqualified. Supervision control measures (key points): Strengthen the inspection of the components and parts entering the site, and clear the site in time once the components and parts that do not meet the design requirements are found. Check item 1, item 4: Use unqualified cables. Supervision and control measures (key points): strengthen the inspection of incoming cables, use cables produced by manufacturers recognized by the railway head office, and clear the site in time once the brands banned by the railway head office or cables that do not meet the design requirements are found. At the same time, strengthen on-site video inspection. Five, four kinds of electrical engineering, mainly check the project *** 1 2. Inspection item 1, grade 1: Class III and IV piles appear in the pile foundation. Supervision and control measures (key points): check whether on-site technicians and management personnel are in place; Check whether technical disclosure has been made; Check whether the raw materials and mixture ratio meet the design; Check whether the construction technology meets the requirements; Once class Ⅲ and Ⅳ piles are found, measures shall be taken in time (supervision instructions shall be issued) and reported to the supervision station in time. Check item 1, item 2: Use unqualified cables. Supervision and control measures (key points): strengthen the inspection of incoming cables, use cables produced by manufacturers recognized by the railway head office, and clear the site in time once the brands banned by the railway head office or cables that do not meet the design requirements are found. At the same time, strengthen on-site video inspection. Six, construction monitoring, mainly check the project *** 1 2. Inspection item 1, category 1: supervisors are not in place or sign at will. Supervision and control measures (key points): the supervision station should strengthen the supervision personnel to learn the "red line management" document of the railway head office and carry out side-by-side supervision in strict accordance with the side-by-side supervision parts required by the railway supervision regulations; Take cover engineering video collection, without acceptance are not allowed to enter the next working procedure construction, at the same time, strengthen the inspection, once found that supervision is not in place or sign at will, the supervision station will seriously deal with it. Inspection item 1, item 2: Third-party inspection data is false. Supervision and control measures (key points): When the third party detects, the supervision takes the form of standing by the whole process and recording key data (readings). Seven, construction behavior, mainly check the project ***3 class 1 1. 1, inspection item 1: Jerry-building, shoddy. Inspection item 1, category 1: Overexcavation of the tunnel was not handled according to the design requirements, and the hole was intentionally blocked. Supervision and control measures (key points): check whether on-site technicians and management personnel are in place; Supervise the construction unit to strictly implement the "three inspection systems" for process inspection and acceptance; Strengthen process inspection and acceptance, and conduct on-site supervision on key processes and hidden works of key processes. Inspection item 1, item 2: The quantity, length and grouting of primary support and advanced support of tunnel do not meet the design requirements. Supervision and control measures (key points): check whether on-site technicians and management personnel are in place; Supervise the construction unit to strictly implement the "three inspection systems" for process inspection and acceptance; Strengthen process inspection and acceptance, carry out concealed works on key processes and key processes, and conduct on-site supervision on initial construction. Inspection Item 1 Item 3: Use unqualified components and raw materials that do not meet the design requirements. Supervision control measures (key points): Strengthen the inspection of the components and parts entering the site, and clear the site in time once the components and parts that do not meet the design requirements are found. At the same time, strengthen on-site video inspection. Inspection Item 1 Item 4: Design high-grade bolts for replacement of low-grade bolts; The geogrid is inconsistent with the actual material, and the foam board replaces the insulation board. Supervision and control measures (key points): strengthen the inspection of materials, equipment and components entering the site, and clear the site in time if it is found that it does not meet the design requirements. At the same time, strengthen on-site video inspection. 2. Inspection project category 2: subcontracting and illegal subcontracting. Item 2 of inspection items 1: The construction unit has one of the circumstances specified in Article 9 of these Detailed Rules. Supervision control measures (key points): strengthen contract management, take measures in time once found, and report to the construction unit. Item 2 of the second category of inspection items: third-party inspection units directly or in disguised form transfer their contracted inspection tasks to other inspection units or individuals for third-party inspection through cooperation, joint venture or individual contracting. Supervision control measures (key points): strengthen contract management, take measures in time once found, and report to the construction unit. 3. The third category of inspection items: internal data fraud. Item 3 of inspection item 1: install filtering software and modify the data of concrete mixing station artificially. Supervision and control measures (key points): strictly follow the management system of concrete mixing station, strengthen inspection, take timely measures to deal with it seriously once found, and report to the construction unit. Item 2, Category 3 of inspection items: The settlement observation data is inconsistent with the actual situation. Supervision control measures (key points): strengthen on-site supervision, strictly collect settlement observation data, and arrange on-site supervision in time. Check that item 3 of Class 3: subgrade, bridge foundation, tunnel grouting or karst geological treatment are not in conformity with the construction drawing. Supervision control measures (key points): Strictly implement grouting management regulations, strengthen process inspection and acceptance, and strengthen inspection. Item 4 of Category 3: Soft foundation treatment of subgrade, bridge or culvert and tunnel is inconsistent with the construction drawing. Supervision and control measures (key points): check whether the on-site technical personnel and management personnel are in place, the construction unit will carry out the construction in strict accordance with the design scheme or construction drawing, strengthen the process inspection and acceptance, and strengthen the inspection. Item 5, Category 3 of inspection items: issue false strength inspection report of concrete test block. Supervision control measures (key points): strengthen the on-site supervision and witness supervision of concrete block strength test according to regulations.

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