Pruning method of peach trees in summer
1. Wipe the bud. Erase or cut off the sprouting tillers, plastic belts of main branches, the base of main branches and buds and branches overlapping with main branches in time, so as not to affect the growth of backbone branches.
2. Choose your heart. When the new bud grows to 30 cm long, the top bud is removed to stop it from extending forward, forcing nutrients to turn to lateral buds, stimulating germination and budding, and reducing the branching position. So that prosperity can be controlled and avoided? An umbrella? Branches create conditions for the cultivation of fruiting branches, and can also promote fruit development and flower bud distribution. Leave 30 cm long for coring and trimming, neither too long nor too short. Too long, the bald section is long; Too short, it is easy to stimulate a large number of branches in the lower bud. If it is less than 30 cm long, it will not be picked up. If it has been capped, it will not be picked up.
Cut off the tip. For new shoots that are too dense, improperly oriented or not picked in time, thinning or cutting by 30 cm should be carried out to adjust the growth, angle and orientation of backbone branches, control long branches and competing branches, and reduce ineffective growth, so as to achieve the purpose of restraining the strong and helping the weak, enriching the inner cavity and balancing the tree potential.
4. Curved branches. For the upright and vigorous shoots, at the distance of 10 ~ 15 cm from the base, fix the lower part with the left hand and rub the upper part with the right hand. When the wood is soft, bend the upper end to the notch to make it flat or droop, and change the growth direction of branches, so as to alleviate the advantages of the top end, make the upper part form flower buds, and the lower part germinate secondary branches, creating conditions for the culture of fruiting branches. But when rubbing, the force should be light and even, and it must not be too strong and too heavy. Try to avoid breaking wood or rubbing skin, which will cause glue to flow and weaken trees.
5. Open the angle and balance the tree potential. For varieties with erect trees and small main branch angles, the angles are opened by means of bracing, pulling, returning and falling. If the extension direction of the main branch is unreasonable, use? Dorsal branch? Or? Turn around? Method adjustment. If the growth of main branches is unbalanced, strong branches should be updated less, with more flower buds and more fruits, so as to reduce germination and inhibit vegetative growth, while weak branches should be updated more, with fewer flower buds and less fruits, so as to promote multi-branches, enhance vegetative growth and achieve a year-on-year balance.
6. Spray growth regulators. Spraying 200 ~ 300 times PBO accelerator solution on flourishing fruit trees from late May to early August, and paying attention not to water for one week after spraying, can not only control flourishing growth, promote flower bud formation, but also promote fruit growth and prevent fruit cracking. Fruitless trees can be sprayed with 200 times paclobutrazol to inhibit the growth of new shoots and promote the formation of flower buds.
Don't cut peach trees in summer, otherwise it will cause the wound to flow. 、
Matters needing attention of peach trees in summer
First, do a good job of summer pruning
1, tidy up the main branches and side branches.
2. Remove the branches with holes on the long branches.
3.40-50 cm fruit branches without branches can be twisted.
4. The borehole is relatively empty and has been extended, so semi-oblique branch cutting can be used to cultivate a branch group.
Second, pests and diseases.
1, stickleback moth: Pay close attention to the occurrence and control of the first generation stickleback moth; Use 20% diflubenzuron No.3 1500 times.
2, Starscream: 2000 times with 73% EC.
3. Perforation: The peak period of peach perforation is after the plum rain, so fruit farmers should do a good job in preventing peach perforation during the plum rain and in the middle of the plum rain (the interval between the second application is 10- 15 days). The dosage is 1: 2: 200 zinc sulfate lime solution, or 500 times of 65% zineb, or 3000 times of agricultural streptomycin.
4. Red-necked beetle and peach leaf miner: In late June, the observation of these two insects was strengthened. The adults of Anoplophora longicorn were captured artificially, and the larvae were dug out, and the moth hole was blocked with 80% dichlorvos and 30 times of cotton chips. Control of peach leaf miner with 20% diflubenzuron 3 1500 times solution.
Management of Taoyuan in Summer
First, look at the fertilization of trees. In late May, topdressing was applied to peach trees with more fruits and weaker trees this year. On the contrary, peach trees with few fruits and strong trees are not fertilized. When fertilizing, dig an annular fertilizing ditch with a length of about 1 m, a depth of 0.25 m and a width of 0.25 m at the drip point of its crown. Adult fruit trees should be fertilized with 40-50 kg of water and fertilizer from decomposed human livestock and poultry, 0.3-0.4 kg of ammonium phosphate (or 0.2 kg of urea and 0.5-0.8 kg of calcium superphosphate), and then returned to the soil to nest. Fertilize young trees by half and topdressing peach trees at the same time. Spraying 0. 1% green fenwei 1 foliar fertilizer (mixed fertilizer of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.3% urea) on the leaves every 15-20 days, and spraying for 4-5 times continuously.
Second, drainage and flood control. Peach trees are afraid of waterlogging, and June-July is the rainy season, so it is necessary to dredge and clean up the main ditch, back ditch and sand settling frequently. Do a good job of drainage in Taoyuan, especially in low-lying Taoyuan. Dig the main ditch and the back ditch to a depth of 0.5m and a width of 0.3m, respectively, so as to reduce the groundwater level and facilitate the growth of peach trees.
Third, summer pruning. Prune peach trees in summer from May to June. (1) Bud wiping and core removal: When the new shoots grow to 50-60 cm, the cluster buds on the crown, the competitive buds under the incision and the double buds are wiped off and the core is removed. ⑵ Twisting branches: For upright peach trees with vigorous growth, the methods of pulling branches, hanging branches and supporting branches are adopted to increase the angle of main branches and slow down the growth of trees. At the same time, twist the upright tendrils and other vigorous branches 180 degrees, but don't twist them off, so that they will grow from top to side and the tendrils will become fruiting branches. ⑶ Spraying hormones: When the secondary branch of peach tree is about 60 cm long, spraying 500 times of 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder once can effectively control its growth and promote flower bud differentiation.
Fourth, control pests and diseases. From May to June, spray 80% thiram anthrax or 800 times of 75% chlorothalonil or 800- 1000 times of carbendazim on the tree crown continuously for three times to prevent gummosis and anthrax. For the glued trees, the diseased spots are scraped off first, and then thiophanate-methyl wettable powder is added to the vinegar solution, or 402 bactericidal 100 times solution is applied to the affected area. At the same time, spray 50% triadimefon 1500 times solution, 20% pirimicarb 1200 times solution or chlorpyrifos mixed solution on the tree crown for 2-3 times to control peach moth, aphid and peach (or pear) moth.
Fifth, intertillage weeding. On sunny days in summer, the peach orchard without crops should be artificially weeded, and weeds should be buried in the dripping place of the tree crown, or covered under the peach tree, or the mixed liquid of glyphosate (Roundup) and Gramoxone herbicide should be sprayed in the peach orchard, which can cover the weeds after they die, which is beneficial to moisture conservation and drought resistance, and turn into the soil in autumn to increase soil organic matter.