1, identify the parent branch
High-quality fruit has dark color, fully developed branches and vines, and the diameter of two basal nodes is 0.8~ 1.2cm. The branches extend zigzag, the nodes are short, the nodes are thick, the bud eyes are high and full, and the scales are compact. The branches are round in cross section, with developed xylem, small pith, dense tissue and no pests and diseases.
2. Trim the length.
Short branches (2-3 buds), middle branches (4-6 buds) and long branches (more than 8 buds) are common. The length of pruning mainly depends on its growth potential, fruiting branch rate and flower bud position.
3. Trim position.
The vine pulp at the cut is larger, the tissue is looser and the water is easy to evaporate. Therefore, when pruning, the cutting position should be 2 ~ 4cm away from the bud eye to prevent the evaporation of water at the bud eye from causing the increase of dry branches. Try to choose the side opposite to the bud cutting.
4. Leave buds.
In the actual operation of winter shearing, the amount of buds left is often determined by experience, which is generally 1 times more than that left on the frame surface in the following spring.
Matters needing attention in vine planting
1, Miao. Grape planting usually adopts seedling transplanting, so before planting, it is necessary to dig seedling holes first, and then put a proper amount of farmyard manure as base fertilizer. After the base fertilizer is applied and covered, a proper amount of mixed fertilizer can be mixed into the soil. Do a good job of accelerating germination in advance when sowing, and transplant in April and May.
2. Water resources management. After planting, we should do a good job in the management of grape seedlings. After planting, pour enough root water, cover the Hu with plastic film, and then seal the exit with wet water. It is also important to control the planting density. Too much water should not be poured at seedling stage, and a small amount of water can be poured when the soil is dry. After the seedlings survive, the watering times can be increased. If it is hot weather in summer, you should avoid watering at noon, usually in the morning and evening.
3. LiTeng. Grape is a kind of creeping fruit, so it is necessary to set up a shelf before the grape enters the peak growth period. The shelf should be firm, able to resist strong winds and prevent plants from being damaged by the wind. When the new grape shoots grow to about 20 cm, it is necessary to do a good job of pulling vines, apply fertilizer appropriately, and control the dosage and nutrition ratio. After the grape introduction is successful, it should be watered once every half month, and watering should be carried out together with intertillage weeding to improve soil permeability, strengthen water and nutrient absorption and promote grape growth.
4, plastic trimming. The growth rate of grape branches is relatively fast, so it is necessary to appropriately restrain the growth of branches and cut off the branches that are too long, too dense and too long. And if the growth is weak, it is necessary to cut off the weak and unhealthy branches. Moreover, we also need to cut off the buds on the main vine to prevent bad results and make the grapes grow healthier. Then when the new shoots grow to about 28 cm, healthy plants with strong growth ability are selected as mother plants, and the remaining branches are removed to ensure the quality.